Chapter 9Section 1

The Rise of Industry

Industrialization

• Industrial Revolution begins in early 1800s but rapidly expands after Civil War

• Gross National Product (GNP) – the total value of all goods and services produced by a country.

• The GNP was 8 times greater than it had been when the Civil War ended.

Natural Resources• Natural resources contribute to U.S.’s industrial

success– Water, timber, coal, iron and copper

• Having these resources meant the US did not have to buy them from other countries.

• Resources located in West • The American oil industry was built on the

demand for Kerosene. • Edwin Drake – drilled the first oil well in 1859

near Titusville, PA.

A Large Workforce

• Population triples between 1860-1910, adding to workforce

• 20 million people immigrate to U.S. between 1860 and 1900

• Migration into cities

Question 1

•How did the oil production affect the American Economy?

Free Enterprise• Laissez-faire embraced by Americans– A French phrase meaning “let people do as they

choose.”

• Profit motivates entrepreneurs– Entrepreneurs – people who risk their capital in

organizing and running a business.

Government’s Role in Industrialization

• Laissez-faire economics practiced – hands off approach to business

• Struggle between Northeastern and Southern states

• US raised tariffs against foreign goods– Hurts farmers the most

Question 2•Do you think government

policies at this time helped or hurt industrialization? Why?

New Inventions• 1865: no electric lighting, ice was expensive,

mail took weeks to get from east to west• Between 1860-1890 Patent and Trademark

Office issued 500,000 patents for inventions• 1900: inventions such as sewing machine,

typewriter, phonograph

Advances in Communications

• Telegraph: perfected by Samuel F.B. Morse; Morse code – short impulses to represent letters of the alphabet

• Telephone: 1871 Alexander Graham Bell, by 1900 1.5 million telephones in use

Electric Power

• Thomas A. Edison – “Wizard of Menlo Park” inventor of phonograph, electric lighting, power station

• Created new jobs, reduced food spoilage, made refrigeration possible

• Allowed for construction of new buildings

Electric Power

• Bessemer Process – made it easier and cheaper to remove impurities from iron to make steel

• Thaddeus Lowe invented the ice machine – the basis of the refrigerator.

• This lead to the development of a refrigerated railroad car in 1877.

Question 3•How did the use of

electric power affect the economic development of the United States?

Textile industry • Automatic Loom – allowed cloth to be

made at an even faster rate.• Bobbins – were now changed

automatically without stopping the loom. • Standard sizes • Ready – made clothes

Shoe Production

• Large factories could mass-produce shoes more cheaply and efficiently than local cobblers.

• Made shoes cheaper

Question 4 - Homework

• Imagine you are a young person living in this country in the late 1800s. Choose one of the inventions discussed in the section, and write a journal entry describing its impact on your life. Use standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure and punctuation (must be at least 5 sentences)