chapter 9 stars and galaxies

7/28/2019 Chapter 9 Stars and Galaxies

1/21

CHAPTER 9 :

STARS ANDGALAXIES

Prepared by :

Pn. Noor Hazwani bt.Alias

SMK Sg.Maong,Kuching


2/21

The Sun


3/21

The Sun

- Shape like a ball.

- Made up of hot gases : hydrogen and helium

- Surface temperature : 5 500 - 6 000 oC

- The Sun is one ofthe many billions ofstars.

- Nearest starto Earth. That is why it appears bigger and brighter

than other stars.


4/21

Has three layers

Structure of the Sun

Corona Chromosphere

Photosphere

can only be seen clearly

during solar eclipse.

can be seen clearlyeveryday


5/21

Solar eclipse

Corona and Chromosphere

can only be seen during solar eclipse.

CoronaChromosphere


6/21

Phenomena on The Surface of The Sun

Prominence-arches or loops shape.

-eruption of chromosphere

(2nd layer)

Solar flare- explosion near sunspots

- release charged

particles into outer space.

(Examples:

* Electrons,

* X-rays,

* Ultraviolet rays)

Sunspot- cool spot

- eruption of

photosphere

(1st layer)


7/21

Aurora Dazzling,colourful light.

Occur at north pole and south pole of Earth. Charged particles interact with Earths magnetic

field.

Solar flare

-release charged particles

(Examples:

* Electrons, * X-rays, * Ultraviolet rays)


8/21

How the Sun produces energy?

Nuclear reaction (in the core)

4 hydrogen atoms 1 helium atom + light energy + heat energy

+Light and

heat energ


9/21

Various types of Star

Size


10/21

Temperature and colour


Blue

Hottest star

Yellow

Mediumtemperature

Red

Coolest

star

Colour Temperature Example:

Blue 40 000 0C Spica

Bluish-

white

10 000 0C Rigel

Yellow 6 000 0C The Sun

Red 3 000 0C Betelgeuse

Medium

temperature


11/21

Brightness.


Rigel

Sirius

Sirius

Rigel

ProcyonAchernar

5 brightest star


12/21

Formation of Stars

Gases

(hydrogen)

Dusts

A

nebula

A core is

formed.

-very hot and

dense

-The core

becomes hotter.

- Nuclear

reactions take

place.

A STAR IS

FORMED !!

1.

*Nuclear reaction (in the core) 4 hydrogen atoms 1 helium atom + light energy + heat energy

3.

2.

Gases anddusts in a

nebula are

pulled by

strong

gravity

forces untilit become

compact

(dense).
http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=RLHWTHLjHwb-GM&tbnid=ZEfcyrkdOpk6CM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceref.com%2Fnews%2Fviewpr.html%3Fpid%3D36410&ei=4ufLUZnJMseMrQfz4IHoDQ&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFaEFhRwV8w209FfGH3b18SzAFwkA&ust=1372403996200682


13/21

Death of Star*depends on the size of the star

Nebula
http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126


14/21

Death of Star*medium size star, such as The Sun

2. *gravity pull weakens.

*the star expands

and forms red giant.

1. *Hydrogen atoms

in the star are all

used up.

* Nuclear reaction stops.

3. *Substance at the outer

part of the star

escape to outer space.

4. *A white core or

a white dwarf is

formed.

Medium size star

Black Dwarf
http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126


15/21

Death of Star*large star and super large star

star

* DEATH OF LARGE

STAR

(10 x Suns mass)

* DEATH OF

SUPER

LARGE STAR

(100 x Suns

mass)

1. *Hydrogen atoms

in the star are all

used up.

* Nuclear reaction stops.

2. * Gravity pull weakens.

* The star expandsand forms red giant.

* The red giant continue to

expand to form red

supergiant.

3. *Red supergiant

explodes.

*The explosion is

known as supernova.

Nebula

Neutron star :

*consists of neutrons.

*rotates and gives out radio

waves.

Black Hole:

*cannot be seen.

*dense.

*has very strong gravity force.
http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126http://www.google.com.my/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=x9N1fcl0Ns1MFM&tbnid=ukHjzaE43vAnRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fblogs%2FSebastianAlvarado%2F20120706%2F173700%2FThe_Evolution_of_Stars_Exploring_the_fiction_behind_Mass_effect_Halo_and_Starcraft_2.php&ei=QvfLUbSAJMrHrQegy4CYCg&bvm=bv.48340889,d.bmk&psig=AFQjCNFHY9GUL69EedDMJOjr4Dc7sgtKMA&ust=1372407922290126


16/21

Constellation A group of stars arranged in specific pattern.

In the past, constellation were used as :

a) compass (to show direction).

b) calender

Aconstellation


17/21

Constellation

North

Big dipper

Examples :

South

North

Southern

cross


18/21

Universe and Galaxies

Universe

Galaxies

Solar System

Earth

Human being

Milky Way

(our galaxy)

*Notes

The Universe :-a very huge space

-holds everything from

the smallest particle to

the largest galaxy.

-there are billions of

galaxies in the Universe.

Galaxy :

-Each galaxy has billions

of stars.


19/21

Hubble Space Telescope-is used to observe galaxies
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope


20/21

Galaxies

Spiral galaxy Irregular galaxy

(no obvious shape)

Elliptical galaxy

(oval shape)

- A galaxy contains billions of stars.

- Has many shapes.


21/21

Our Galaxy : The Milky Way

Spiral shape

chapter 9 stars and galaxies

Documents