HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Chapter 9Chapter 9

THE AGE OF REFORMTHE AGE OF REFORM

Section 1:Section 1: The Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement

Section 2:Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order Reforming the New Industrial Order

Section 3:Section 3: Reforming Society Reforming Society

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:What were the backgrounds of social reform What were the backgrounds of social reform

leaders?leaders?What issues concerned progressives?What issues concerned progressives?What issues did muckrakers address?What issues did muckrakers address?How did progressive writers and thinkers view How did progressive writers and thinkers view

American society?American society?

Section 1: The Progressive MovementSection 1: The Progressive Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Backgrounds of social reform leadersBackgrounds of social reform leadersnative bornnative bornmiddle or upper classmiddle or upper classusually urbanusually urbancollege educatedcollege educated

Section 1: The Progressive MovementSection 1: The Progressive Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Progressive issuesProgressive issuesreform of industrial practicesreform of industrial practicesend to child laborend to child laborreform of electoral systemreform of electoral systemsocial justicesocial justice

Section 1: The Progressive MovementSection 1: The Progressive Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Muckraker’s issuesMuckraker’s issuesbusiness corruptionbusiness corruptioncorruption in urban politicscorruption in urban politicssocial problems such as slums and child laborsocial problems such as slums and child laborracismracism

Section 1: The Progressive MovementSection 1: The Progressive Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Progressive viewsProgressive viewsIndustrial society exploited the weak.Industrial society exploited the weak.Government should use its powers to promote Government should use its powers to promote

social welfare.social welfare.Private citizens bear a social responsibility.Private citizens bear a social responsibility.

Section 1: The Progressive MovementSection 1: The Progressive Movement

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:What workplace problems did progressives target?What workplace problems did progressives target?What were the results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?What were the results of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?What rulings did the Supreme Court make on labor What rulings did the Supreme Court make on labor

laws?laws?What were the successes and failures of unions in the What were the successes and failures of unions in the

early 1900s?early 1900s?

Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial OrderSection 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Workplace problemsWorkplace problemschild laborchild laborlow wages for womenlow wages for womenlong working hourslong working hoursdangerous working conditionsdangerous working conditionsno minimum wageno minimum wage

Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial OrderSection 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Results of the Triangle Shirtwaist FireResults of the Triangle Shirtwaist Firepublic outragepublic outragepassage of strict fire-safety code by New York passage of strict fire-safety code by New York

legislaturelegislature

Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial OrderSection 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Supreme Court rulings on labor lawsSupreme Court rulings on labor laws In In Lochner Lochner v.v. New York New York, the Court overturned a law , the Court overturned a law

limiting work to ten hours a day, stating that workers limiting work to ten hours a day, stating that workers should be free to accept any working conditions.should be free to accept any working conditions.

In In Muller Muller v.v. Oregon Oregon, the Court upheld a law limiting , the Court upheld a law limiting women to a ten-hour workday, claiming that women’s women to a ten-hour workday, claiming that women’s physical structure justified special legislation.physical structure justified special legislation.

In general, the Court sided with business owners and In general, the Court sided with business owners and overturned much early social legislation.overturned much early social legislation.

Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial OrderSection 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Successes and failures of unionsSuccesses and failures of unions increased membershipincreased membership got wage increases and shorter hours in some companiesgot wage increases and shorter hours in some companies got aid from progressive organizationsgot aid from progressive organizations accepted women and minorities (IWW)accepted women and minorities (IWW) excluded unskilled workers and sometimes promoted excluded unskilled workers and sometimes promoted

racism (AFL)racism (AFL) did not get closed-shop status (ILGWU)did not get closed-shop status (ILGWU) failed to end capitalism and faded from power (IWW)failed to end capitalism and faded from power (IWW)

Section 2: Reforming the New Industrial OrderSection 2: Reforming the New Industrial Order

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:How did reformers try to improved life in U.S. cities?How did reformers try to improved life in U.S. cities?How did reformers hope to improve moral standards?How did reformers hope to improve moral standards?How did African Americans and American Indians How did African Americans and American Indians

organize to improve their lives?organize to improve their lives?Why were immigrants left out of some progressive Why were immigrants left out of some progressive

reforms, and how did they contribute to other reforms, and how did they contribute to other reforms?reforms?

Section 3: Reforming SocietySection 3: Reforming Society

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Reformers attempts to improve Reformers attempts to improve urban lifeurban lifetried rid cities of garbagetried rid cities of garbagewanted to provide better housingwanted to provide better housingdesired better public educationdesired better public educationwanted improved public healthwanted improved public healthworked to build playgroundsworked to build playgroundswanted to provide city planning and redesignwanted to provide city planning and redesign

Section 3: Reforming SocietySection 3: Reforming Society

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Moral improvements desired by Moral improvements desired by reformersreformerscrusaded against alcoholcrusaded against alcoholdemanded censorshipdemanded censorship

Section 3: Reforming SocietySection 3: Reforming Society

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

American IndiansAmerican Indiansformed the Society of American Indians to address formed the Society of American Indians to address

problems and publicize accomplishments.problems and publicize accomplishments.

Section 3: Reforming SocietySection 3: Reforming Society

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

African AmericansAfrican Americansformed the NAACP to work through the courts for formed the NAACP to work through the courts for

civil rightscivil rightsformed the Urban League to fight for racial formed the Urban League to fight for racial

equalityequality

Section 3: Reforming SocietySection 3: Reforming Society

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Immigrants and reformImmigrants and reformoften left out because of racism and lack of respect often left out because of racism and lack of respect

for immigrants’ culturesfor immigrants’ culturesworked through political machines to establish worked through political machines to establish

worker-protection and public-health programsworker-protection and public-health programsused political machines to obtain playgrounds, used political machines to obtain playgrounds,

public baths, and parkspublic baths, and parks

Section 3: Reforming SocietySection 3: Reforming Society