chapter 9 the constitution: a more perfect union i can explain how the constitution created a more...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 9The Constitution: A More Perfect Union
I can explain how the Constitution created “a more perfect Union”.
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• Three Branches of Government Rap• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCB8EOY5
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• School House Rock- Preamble• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30OyU4O
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• School House Rock- 3 Branches of Government-
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5M50xBz1cU
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9.1 Introduction
• Framers wanted to create a central government that would be strong and lasting but not so strong that it endangered citizens freedoms.
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9.1 Introduction• They wanted it to be simple and organized…
• IT is divided into sections or articles.
• Article I- Legislative Branch• Article II- Executive Branch• Article III- Judicial Branch• Article IV- Relations Among the States• Article V- Amending the Constitution• Article VI- National Supremacy• Article VII- Ratification of the
Constitution• Bill of Rights (Amendments)
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9.1 Introduction
• The Constitution is flexible and includes procedures for changing.
• The Constitutions flexablity is its strength.
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9.2 The Preamble
• Explains the reasons for the new government.
• Begins with famous words… “We the People…”
• Popular Sovereignty- government's authority comes for the people.
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9.2 The Preamble
• 1. Establish Justice- rule by laws not by kings.
• 2. Domestic Tranquility- peace & order w/in the country.
• 3. Provide for the Common Defense- protect against foreign enemies.
• Promote General Welfare- support economy & society.
• Secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and out Posterity.”- Protect the freedoms of generations of the future.
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9.2 The Preamble
• The framers want a strong central government…but are afraid b/c of their experience with kings.
• But if the central government is to weak they are afraid b/c of their experience with Shays’ Rebellion & problems with the Articles of Confederation.
• Must create a “balance”
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How are they going to create this “balance”?
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• School House Rock- I’m Just a Bill
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxT7QjlvDqM
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9.3 Legislative Branch
• Article I of the the Constitution gives the power to make laws to the legislative branch.
• 2 part Congress- – House of Rep– Senate
Capitol Building, Washington D.C.
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9.3 Legislative Branch
Senate• 2 from each state- balance
the large & small states.
• 6 year terms
• 30 years old
• Citizen for 9 years
• Elected by the people
House of Representative• Based on population- based on
census taken every 10 years. (set at 435)
• 2 year terms
• 25 years old
• Citizen for 7 years
• Elected by the people.
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House of Rep. (435)
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9.3 Legislative BranchCongress makes the Laws/Taxes.
Senate
• Senate debates new taxes…if both approve the tax it goes to the pres.
House of Rep
• New Taxes can only come from the house…if a majority approves goes to senate
The Pres. Can approve or veto.
The congress can over-ride the pres. …but must have 2/3 majority (super
majority.)
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9.3 Legislative BranchCongress makes the Laws/Taxes.
Senate
• Any member can propose new law (called a bill.) Must be approved in both House & Senate.
House of Rep
• Any member can propose new law (called a bill.) Must be approved in both House & Senate.
The Pres. Can approve or veto.
The congress can over-ride the pres. …but must have 2/3 majority (super
majority.)
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9.3 Legislative BranchOther Powers
• Make the LAWS
• Propose taxes & amendments to the Constitution.
• Decide how to spend tax money.
• Approve funds for laws and programs
• Approve treaties
• Declare war
• Raise army or navy.
• Approves Presidential Appointments
• Pay government debts
• Grant citizenship.
• Est. Federal courts
• Elastic clause- can make any laws that seem necessary to carry out powers.
• Impeachment
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• School House Rock- Electoral College-• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyIFqf3XH
24
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9.4 Executive Branch
• Article II gives the power to enforce or execute the laws to the chief executive…
• the Pres.
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9.4 Executive Branch
• The Pres is elected by the elector college.
• The elector college is based on population.
• House of Rep + Senators = number of Elector college.
• Pres must win a majority of the elector college.
• (magic no. 270 Electoral Votes)
Simple Majority
%
%
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• House of Rep + Senator = # of Elector college.
• Kentucky – 6 Reps & 2 senators = 8 elector college members
Electoral College Map 2012
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Qualifications To Be Pres.• 4 year term
• Can only serve 2 terms
• At 35 years old
• Must be nature born citizen• Nature born citizen- born in
the U.S. or born out the U.S. but one or both parents are U.S. Citizens that have lived in the U.S.
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Title 8, Section 1401, of the U.S. Code provides the current definition for a natural-born citizen.
• Anyone born inside the United States and subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, which exempts the child of a diplomat from this provision
• Any Indian or Eskimo born in the United States, provided being a citizen of the U.S. does not impair the person's status as a citizen of the tribe
• Any one born outside the United States, both of whose parents are citizens of the U.S., as long as one parent has lived in the U.S.
• Any one born outside the United States, if one parent is a citizen and lived in the U.S. for at least one year and the other parent is a U.S. national
• Any one born in a U.S. possession, if one parent is a citizen and lived in the U.S. for at least one year
• Any one found in the U.S. under the age of five, whose parentage cannot be determined, as long as proof of non-citizenship is not provided by age 21
• Any one born outside the United States, if one parent is an alien and as long as the other parent is a citizen of the U.S. who lived in the U.S. for at least five years (with military and diplomatic service included in this time)
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Powers
• Enforce laws & defend constitution
• Commander of armed forces.
• Make treaties & formal agreements w/consent from senate
• Nominates ambassadors, supreme court judges
• Veto• Grant pardons
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Departments• Pres. has special
departments to help him manage all his responsibilities.
• For Example-– State Department– Justice Department– Department of Health
The Head of Each Department makes up the Cabinet.
How many cabinet members? 15
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070102215111AAGgu58
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Impeachment/Removing the Pres.• The Pres. is not above the
law.
• The House of Rep. can vote to impeach.
• The Senate puts the President on trial..the Senators serve as the jury.
• 2/3 majority of the Senate to remove
2/3 (Supermajority)
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Removing the Pres.
• Can be removed for “bribery, treason, or other ‘high crimes’”.
• Andrew Johnson 1868-Tenure of Office Act.
• Bill Clinton 1998- Lying to Grand Jury.
• (Nixon ‘73 & ‘74)- Watergate
2/3 (Supermajority)
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9.5 Judicial Branch
• Article III- gives the power to judge the laws to the judicial branch
• They have to judge/interpret wither laws & actions of the government are in conflict with the Constitution. Supreme Court,
Washington D.C.
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Powers• Judge & Interpret Laws
• Review Lower-court decisions
• Judges whether laws and executive actions are constitutional
• Rules on cases between states.
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Lower or Inferior Federal Courts
There are 2 lower courts.– District– Appellate (appeal)
– District Courts cover several states.
– If you want a decision appealed you go to appellate court…you want to go higher after that you go to Supreme Court.
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The Last Stop
• The Supreme Court is the last stop…all decisions are final.
• Congress has set the size at 9.
• Justices usually serve for life…but can be removed
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The Last Stop
• Lawyers ask the Supreme Court to review thousands of cases, but they usually on consider about 100.
• And only if they think a lower court decision conflicts with the Constitution or a federal law.
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Famous Supreme Court Decisions
• Roe vs. Wade
• Miranda vs. Arizona
• Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
• Dred Scott vs. John F.A. Sandford
• Engel v. Vitale (1962) Roe vs. Wade
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Keeps Congress & the Pres. In Check
• Judicial Review- the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether laws and acts made by the legislative & executive branches are unconstitutional.
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9.6 Checks & Balances Between the Branches
• The Framers were concerned about the balance between strong national government and individual freedoms.
• They developed a system of Checks & Balances.
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9.6 Checks & Balances Between the Branches
• This system allows one branch to check or block the actions of another branch.
• These checks and balances keep any one branch of the federal government form being to strong.
• It is one of the most important features of the U.S. government system.
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9.7 The Amendment Process
• The framers knew that the Constitution would need changing over time…
• The made it changeable but very difficult.
• Article V- describes changes can be made
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9.7 The Amendment Process
1. Congress may propose a change (2/3 vote from both houses)…
• or
2. Congress can call a National Convention if 2/3 of states legislatures want a change.
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But wait…there’s more!Must be ratified (approved)
• 1. may be approved by the legislatures in ¾ of the states…
• Or
• 2. by special conventions in ¾ of the states.
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But wait…there’s more!No Just Kidding.. that’s it.
• Then it can become a part of the Constitution.
• More that 10,000 amendments to the Constitution have been proposed over the years.
• Only 27 have been approved.
• The first 10 (Bill of Rights)• Plus 17 one-at-a-time
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Amendments that have been added that you need to have memorized…
13th- Slavery is illegal.
19th- Women’s Suffrage (Vote)
26th- all citizens over 18 have the right to vote.
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9.8 The Federal System
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9.9 Popular Participation in Government
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Review- The Preamble
• “We the People..”
• Popular Sovereignty- authority comes directly form the people.
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Review- The legislative Branch• Article I of the Constitution
creates a bicameral Congress with a House of Representatives and a Senate.
• Every state is represented by two senators.
• Representation in the House is based on a state’s population.
• Congress’s primary ob is to make laws.
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Review- Executive Branch• Article II creates a the executive
branch.
• The head of the executive branch is the president.
• The presidents serves a four-year term and may be reelected once.
• The president carries out laws passed by Congress.
• Other powers of the president include making treaties and appointing Supreme Court justices.
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Review- Judicial Branch• Article III establishes the
Supreme Court and gives Congress the power to create lower courts.
• Supreme Court decisions are binding on all lower courts.
• The power of judicial review allows the Supreme Court to decide whether laws and actions by the legislative and executive branches are unconstitutional.
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Review- Checks and Balances
• The framers developed a system of checks and balances that enables each branch of government to limit, or check, the power of the other two branches.
• The Constitution provides checks and balances in the powers of each branch.
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Review- The Amendment Process
• Article V outlines the process by which amendments can be made to the Constitution.
• Twenty-seven amendments have been added.
• The first ten amendments form the Bill of Rights.
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Review- The Federal System
• The Constitution creates a federal system of government in which power is shared between the national government and the states.
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Review- Popular Participation in Government
• Elections serve the vital function of expressing the will of the people.
• People also participate in government by joining political parties and taking part in interest groups.
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