chapter: atmosphere061851f72b23d802adaa-d56582058559818728a814bdd94ad99a.r54.cf2.rackc… ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter: Atmosphere
Table of Contents
Section 2: Energy Transfer in the
Atmosphere
*What is Heat?
*Heat is energy that flows from an object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature.
**This transfer of heat occurs until THERMAL
EQUILIBRIUM is reached.
Thermal equilibrium is reached when there
is no more temperature difference between
the bodies that are exchanging heat
Heat = Thermal Energy
• It depends on the vibration of the atoms
that make up the object.
• The more vibration – the higher the
temperature
Energy from the Sun
• Earth's energy comes mostly from the Sun.
• What happens with this energy once it arrives on Earth?
What happens with the energy from the Sun
35% is reflected
back into space by
atmosphere and
earth's surface
65% absorbed
by the
atmosphere,
the land and
the water.
**Earth’s Atmosphere is Unique
*It is the composition of the atmosphere that guarantees a balance between energy absorbed and reflected, creating the ideal temperature conditions for life to exist.
How heat is transferred within
Earth’s atmosphere
• Once it is absorbed, this energy will be
transferred by different processes:
radiation, conduction, and convection.
• Radiation: is energy that is transferred
in the form of waves.
Convection: is the transfer of heat by the flow of
materials. The flow generates Convection
Currents
What are
convection
currents?
(more common in
liquids and gases)
• Why do convection currents happen?
Because of Density
Cold air is denser – molecules closer
Warm air is less dense – molecules are far
apart
It happens with air
It happens with air
It happens with water,
magma and fluids in general
Importance of the heat from
the Sun- handout
Two major reasons:
1)The energy from the Sun allows life to
exist
2)The heat from the Sun is the driving
force of weather and climate.
***Importance of the heat from
the Sun
1)The energy from the Sun allows life to
exist:
warms us up with radiation
Its light allows photosynthesis to happen
for the production of food (sugars) and
oxygen.
2)**The heat from the Sun is the driving
force of weather and climate.
By warming up the water, the land and the
atmosphere (with radiation, conduction
and convection), it creates the movement
of air and water.
Movement of air = wind
Movement of water = water cycle
Remember:
• this happens also between land, water and
air
• Heat flows from where is warm to where
is cold
**The movement of air and water happens
due to the difference of temperature
from one area compared to others,
allowing heat and moisture to circulate
Local weather and climate depend on
the movement of air and water around the
land, the atmosphere and the water.
**Water Cycle – is the constant movement
of water through the atmosphere,
hydrosphere and land, due to the Sun’s
energy.
The water cycle involves the processes of
evaporation, condensation, precipitation
and the flow of water on and under the
Earth’s surface.
*Climate x Weather
*Weather – is the state of the atmosphere
at a specific time and place. Ex: today is
raining
*Climate – average weather pattern in an
area over a long period of time. Ex:
Washington is humid during summer
• What is Hydrosphere?
• Book page 101
2
Describe the water cycle