Chapter eleven notes

• Election of 1800-Louisiana Purchase

Election of 1800

• Ugly, mudslinging-affair

– VP candidate received same # of votes (Burr)

• Successful changing of guard

– No hint of feared anarchy

– Testament to the stability possible with a democracy

• Federalists (many revolutionaries, intellectuals), pushed aside in favor of more action

Jefferson’s administration

• Attempts to build bridges between two parties

– Adoption of Hamilton’s program’s including the support of funding the debt.

– Jefferson himself believed in a more egalitarian view, without one group greater than another.

Judiciary Act of 1801

• Last minute justices appointed by Adams upset Republicans

• Jefferson repealed the Act—16 Justices lost their position.

– Marbury appealed, but Chief Justice John Marshall turned it down because it was unconstitutional.

• Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the precedent for judicial branch (S.C. determines the constitutionality of an issue)

• What looked like a loss for Marshall was actually a victory

• Attempt to impeach Justice Samuel Chase failed.

• This established a precedent that the executive branch has not attempted to unseat “sitting judges”

Jefferson and the military

• Feared that a strong military could threaten the people and ruin the democracy.

• The Pasha of Tripoli wanted more $ for protection of ravaged U.S. Ships in the Mediterranean.

– Jefferson sent the Navy

– War lasted for 4 years (off and on)—and this aided the development of the Navy.

– “Mosquito Fleet” was born –proved worthless during War of 1812

Louisiana Purchase

• Great deal even at the cost of Jefferson’s principles

– He feared that French possession of LA would eventually lead to a fight against France

– Napoleon was interested in selling the land because of problems in Santo Domingo such as mosquitoes (Yellow Fever), and a revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouverture. Also in lengthy dispute w/ Britain

• 15 million paid for all of LA, even though Jefferson only intended to buy New Orleans for 10 million.

• Opposed by Federalists (they claimed unconstitutionality, but really feared addition of Western States)

• Purchase eventually allowed the country to look to the west in search of their future, not towards Europe and their many problems.

Louisiana Purchase

Embargo Act of 1807

• War in Britain and France made trade difficult for American merchants. Both made laws forbidding other countries to sail into the other’s ports. British made a practice of impressing American sailors when they came upon American ships

• Jefferson issued the Embargo Act, forbidding Americans from exporting goods from American ports

– Americans starved

– A navy could have been built to protect American ships

Americans feared that the war between would go on for too long, and that Americans would suffer.

• Embargo Act replaced in 1809 with a more limited Non-Intercourse Act.

• Somehow, this led to the growth of manufacturing in New England (something that Jefferson did not want).

Create a political cartoon

• Use one of the topics from this chapter, and create a cartoon that displays a distinct point of view from someone in the United States.

• Possible topics include, Marbury vs. Madison, Embargo Act, LA Purchase, War with Tripoli, election of 1800.

• For Thursday: finish cartoon, take outline notes on pages 226-240 (focus on the War of 1812)