CHAPTER FIVEThe Classical Period:

Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E.

World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Expansion and IntegrationII. Beyond the Classical CivilizationsIII. Decline in India and ChinaIV. Decline and Fall in RomeV. The New Religious Map

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Expansion and Integration

Synthesis

Confucius (ca. 551–478 B.C.E.), LaoziBuddha (ca. 566–480 B.C.E.)

Socrates (ca. 469–399 B.C.E.)

Unification of territory

political, legal, commercial networks

social aspect

inequalities

uprisings

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

Independent developments

c. 600 C.E.

A. Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper Nile Region

Kush

by 1000 B.C.E.

Axum

conquers Kush by 300 B.C.E.

Ethiopia

conquest of Axum

Trade with Mediterranean

some converts to Judaism

Christianity by 300 C.E.

West Africa

southern fringe of Sahara

regional kingdoms

GhanaEgypt, Kush and Axum

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

Independent developments

c. 600 C.E.

A. Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper Nile Region

Kush

by 1000 B.C.E.

Axum

conquers Kush by 300 B.C.E.

Ethiopia

conquest of Axum

Trade with Mediterranean

some converts to Judaism

Christianity by 300 C.E.

West Africa

southern fringe of Sahara

regional kingdoms

Ghana

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

B. Asia

Japan

agriculture well-established by 200 C.E.

regional states, c. 300 C.E.

writing introduced 400 C.E.

Shintoism

organized by 700 C.E.

state formation by 600 C.E.

East Asia at the End of the Classical Period

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

C. Northern Europe

Germanic, Celtic, Slavic peoples

loose kingdoms

oral culture

simple agriculture

sailing

animistic

Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

D. Central America

Olmec, c. 800–400 B.C.E.no writing

pyramidsagriculture

especially corn

potatoes in Andesdomestication of animals

turkeys, dogscalendars

legacy to successor cultures

Teotihuacan

Maya

from 400 C.E.

Civilizations of Central and South America

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations

E. South AmericaAncestors of Inca

Peru, Bolivia

F. Polynesia

IsolationFiji, Samoa by 1000 B.C.E.Hawaii by 400 C.E.

G. Nomads

Central Asia

Asia to Middle East trade

The Spread of Polynesian Peoples

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Decline in India and China

A. China

Han Dynasty

decline ca. 100 C.E.Daoist revival

Yellow Turbans

Epidemics

Sui Dynasty

Tang

from 618 C.E.

Continuity

Asia, c. 600 C.E.

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Decline in India and China

B. India

Invasions from 600 C.E.

Gupta empire destroyed

FragmentationRajput

Buddhism declines

Hinduism

worship of Devi popular

Islamfrom 7th century

control of Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean Trading Routes in the Classical Period

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Decline and Fall in Rome

A. Changes

Leadership

weak emperors

Plagues

Change from republican values

hedonism

Diocletian (284–305 C.E.)

emperor worship

Constantine (312–337 C.E.)

Constantinople

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Decline and Fall in Rome

B. Two Empires

EasternGreekConstantinoplecontinuity, vigor> Byzantine Empire

WesternLatin, GermanicRomedecline, vulnerable> Western Europe

Justinian (527–565 C.E.)Justinian Code

Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Decline and Fall in Rome

C. Middle East

Parthian Empire

Sassanids

from 227 C.E.Zoroastrianism

D. North Africa

Augustine

bishop of Hippo

Coptic church

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. The New Religious Map

Common Features

pietyspiritual focus

afterlifeemerge in period of political instability

A. Hinduism, Buddhism, and Daoism

Buddhism

changes as it spreads

bodhisattvas

nirvana

Mahayana

China, Korea, Japan

minority religion

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. The New Religious Map

B. Christianity

Institutional church

Roman influence

papacy

bishops

Jesus of Nazareth

Salvation

Spread

Paul

Doctrine

trinity

Monasticism

Benedict of Nursia

Rule

Women

spiritual equals of men

Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

V. The New Religious Map

C. Islam

Later, 7th century

D. The Spread of Major Religions

Animism declines

E. The World Around 500 C.E.