chapter ii analisa kapasitas dan sistem draenase

9

II BAB

RUTARETIL IDUTS

2 1. naatokreP esaniarD

gnay esaniard umli halada )2002( ramsaH turunem naatokrep esaniarD

nagned aynnatiak tare gnay naatokrep nasawak adap naijakgnep naksusuhkgnem

ayadub laisos nagnukgnil isidnok naatokrep esaniarD .atok nasawak id ada gnay

gnay naatokrep hayaliw irad ria narilagnep nad nagniregnep metsis nakapurem

:itupilem

.1 namikumeP

.2 nagnagadrep nad irtsudni nasawaK

.3 halokes nad supmaK

.4 mumu satilisaf nad tikas hamuR

.5 rap nagnapaL ,agar halo nagnapaL rik

.6 aradu nahubalep ,isakinumokelet ,kirtsil,retilim isalatsnI

naatokrep kutnu babes ,nasusuhkek ikilimem naatokrep esaniard niased airetirK

:itrepes niased lebairav nahabmat ada

.1 .nahal anug atat nagned natiakreteK

.2 nagned natiakreteK nalpretsam ok esaniard .at

.3 .ayadub laisos halasam nagned natiakreteK

sineJ - :utiay esaniard sinej

.1 aynkutnebret arac turuneM

.a ( haimalA esaniarD eganiard larutan )

.aisunam nagnat rupmac rusnu ada kadit ,imala araces kutnebreT

.b ( natauB esaniarD eganiard laicifitra )

kutnebiD tibed nakutnenem kutnu ,esaniard umli sisilana nakrasadreb

.narulas isnemid nad ,najuh tabika

Universitas Sumatera Utara

01

.2 aynnarulas katel turuneM

.a ( hanat akum esaniarD eganiard ecafrus )

.b ( hanat akum hawab esaniarD eganiard ecafrus bus )

.3 esaniard isgnuf turuneM

.a esopruP elgniS

narulaS .ajas nagnaub ria sinej utas nakrilagnem isgnufreb

.b esopruP ytluM

araces kiab ,nagnaub sinej aparebeb nakrilagnem isgnufreb narulaS

.naitnagreb nupuam rupmacreb

.4 iskurtsnok turuneM

.a akubret narulaS

saul pukuc gnay aera id katelret gnay najuh ria kutnu narulaS aguJ .

natahesek uggnaggnem kadit gnay najuh non ria narulas kutnu

.nagnukgnil

.b pututret narulaS

aguJ .nagnukgnil natahesek uggnaggnem gnay rotok ria kutnu narulaS

.atok malad narulas kutnu

,naigab 2 sata igabid aynmumu natokrep esaniard nagniraj metsiS : utiay

.1 orkaM esaniarD metsiS

gnupmanem gnay ria nadab /narulas metsis utiay orkam esaniard metsiS

( najuh ria napakgnat haread utaus irad ria nakrilagnem nad aerA tnemhctaC .)

narulas metsis iagabes aguj tubesid ini orkam esaniard metsis aynmumu adaP

ep ( amatu nagnaubm metsys rojam ini nagniraj metsiS .remirp esaniard uata )

,remirp esaniard narulas itrepes saul nad raseb alaksreb gnay narila gnupmanem

lanak - iagnus uata lanak - aynmumu ini orkam esaniard naanacnereP .iagnus

ratna gnalu edoirep nagned iakapid narukugnep nad nuhat 01 iapmas 5 a

.ini esaniard metsys naanacnerep malad nakulrepid kaltum liated gnay ifargopot


11

.2 orkiM esaniarD metsiS

pakgnelep nanugnab nad narulas metsis utiay orkim esaniard metsiS

irad ria nakrilagnem nad gnupmanem gnay esaniard .najuh napakgnat haread

narulas halada orkim esaniard metsis malad kusamret gnay nahurulesek araceS

,nanugnab ratikes id najuh ria nakoles /narulas ,nalaj isis gnajnapes id

gnay ria tibed anamid ayniagabes nial nad atok esaniard narulas ,gnoroggnorog

apad ini orkim esaniard aynmumu adaP .raseb ulalret kadit ayngnupmatid t

gnutnagret nuhat 01 uata 5 ,2 gnalu asam nagned najuh kutnu nakanacnerid

namikumrep nagnukgnil kutnu esaniard metsiS .ada gnay nahal anug atat adap

esaniard metsis iagabes gnurednec hibel .orkim

naatokrep esaniard metsis )narulas nanusus ikrarih( kisif iges ired uajnitid aliB

.aynsuretes nad reisret ,rednukes ,remirp narulas sata nakisakifissalkid

sremirP narulaS .1

halada remirp narulaS .iagnus kana nad iagnus naktaafnamem gnay narulaS

las .rednukes narulas irad narila amirenem gnay amatu naru

rednukeS narulaS .2

nugnabid( remirp narulas nagned reisret narulas nakgnubuhgnem gnay narulaS

.)nemes naretselp /noteb nagned

reisreT narulaS .3

arulas ek aggnat hamur habmil nakrilagnem kutnu narulaS apureb ,rednukes n

.hanat nad apip ,naretselp

retrawK narulaS .4

.lakol esaniard nagniraj rotkelok narulaS


21

rabmaG 2 1. S nanusuS ikrariH narula

id narulas = d ,reisret narulas = c ,rednukes narulas = b ,remirp narulas = a :anam

.retrawk

2.2 silanA si igolordiH

kepsa nagned nagnubuhreb tagnas esaniard nalaosrep nakiaseleynem kutnU

adap nakrila id naka gnay ria rebmus iagabes najuh halasam aynsusuhk igolordih

esaniard metsis iaynupmam kadit tabika iagabes nasapmil nad esaniard metsis

pmet ek nakrilagnem kutnu nakulrepid igolordih niasiD .rihka nagnaubmep ta

.narilagnep tibed iuhategnem

2.2 1. igolordiH sulkiS

igolordiH sulkiS a )4002( nipiruS turunem hanrep kadit gnay ria isalukris halad

nednok iulalem rifsomta ek ilabmek nad imub ek rifsomta irad itnehreb ,isatipiserp ,isas

isaripsnart nad isaropave naiakgnares iulalem sulkis utaus imalagnem imub id riA .

suret gnusgnalreb gnay awitsirep - anam irad nad napak uhat kadit atik anam id ,surenem

aynrihkareb naka alup napak nad aynlawareb aidumek ,isaropavereb riA . hutaj n

( ujlas nad se najuh ,utab najuh ,ujlas ,najuh kutneb malad isatipiserp iagabes teels ,)

tapad isatipiserp aparebeb imub ujunem nanalajrep adaP .tubak uata simireg najuh

helo ispesretniid naidumek gnay hutaj gnusgnal uata sata ek ilabmek isaropavereb

suret igolordih sulkis ,hanat iapacnem haleteS .hanat iapacnem mulebes namanat

:adebreb gnay arac agit malad unitnok araces karegreb

,namanat id ,iagnus id ,natarad id ,tual id ada gnay riA ;isaripsnart / isaropavE

paugnem naka naidumek ayniagabes nad ( asakgna ek refsomta naidumek nad )


31

kitnib idajnem naka uti )nawa( ria pau hunej naadaek adaP .nawa idajnem naka -

( nurut naka ayntujnales gnay ria kitnib noitatipicerp ujlas ,najuh kutneb malad )

.se nad

k karegreb riA ;hanat malad ek isalokrep /isartlifnI halec iulalem hanat malad e -

irop nad halec - karegreb tapad riA .hanat ria akum ujunem nautab nad hanat irop

id latnoziroh uata lakitrev araces karegreb tapad ria uata relipak iska tabika

ria metsis ilabmek ikusamem tubesret ria aggnih hanat naakumrep hawab

.naakumrep

narila nagned taked hanat naakumrep sata id karegreb riA ;naakumreP riA

irop tikides nikam nad nahal iadnal nikam ,uanad nad amatu - akam ,hanat irop

aynasaib tahilid tapad hanat naakumrep narilA .raseb nikames naakumrep narila

haread adap iagnuS .nabru - kutnebmem nad nial amas utas gnubagreb iagnus

narila haread ratikesid naakumrep ria hurules awabmem gnay amatu iagnus

gnay nupuam rilagnem gnay kiab ,naakumrep riA .tual ujunem iagnus

rep hawab ria naigabes nad ,)awar ,kudaw ,uanad( gnanegret naka naakum

sesorP .tual ek rihkareb nad iagnus kutnebmem rilagnem nad lupmukret

nenopmok malad idajret uti natarad id ria nanalajrep - igolordih sulkis nenopmok

.)SAD( iagnuS narilA hareaD metsis kutnebmem gnay

.2 rabmaG 2 sulkiS H igolordi 02 ,nipiruS( )40


41

2.2 2. anacneR najuH haruC asilanA

.igolordih sisilana malad gnitnep tagnas gnay nenopmok nakapurem najuH

,sitamoto nupuam launam araces kiab maj 42 amales nakukalid najuh narukugneP

arac nagned utas amales idajret gnay latot najuh halada iuhatekid gnay najuh itrareb ini

duskamid gnay anacner najuh ,anacner najuh haruc nakanugid asilana malaD .irah

satisnetni gnutihgnem kutnu nakanugid naka gnay mumiskam nairah najuh halada

snetni naidumek ,najuh kutnU .anacner tibed isamitsegnem kutnu nakanugid ini sati

kadit nakulrepid gnay najuh atad utnetret esaniard nagnacnarep nagnitnepek iagabreb

naka ini laH .natinem uata namaj maj isubirtsid aguj ipatet ,nairah najuh atad aynah

imep malad neukesnok awabmem atad nakanuggnem kutnu nakrujnaid nad ,atad nahil

.sitamoto ruku tala nagned narukugnep lisah najuh esaniard narulas naanacnerep malaD

( gnalu edoirep doirep nruter atres narulas isgnuf irad gnutnagret nakanugrepid gnay )

kid naka gnay najuh napakgnat haread naanuggnep ,namalagnep turuneM .nakgnire

:naanacnerep kutnu gnalu edoirep

- retrawK narulaS nuhat 1 gnalu edoirep :

- reisreT narulaS nuhat 2 gnalu edoirep :

- rednukeS narulaS nuhat 5 gnalu edoirep :

- remirP narulaS nuhat 01 gnalu edoirep :

2.2 3. najuH haruC isneukerF asilanA

haruc naraseb satilibaborp helorepmem kutnu nakanugid isneukerf isubirtsiD

.gnalu edoirep iagabreb malad anacner najuh isneukerf isubirtsid nagnutihrep rasaD

atar itupilem gnay atad sisilana nagned natiakreb gnay retemarap halada - ,atar

neisifeok nad ,isairav neisifeok ,ukab nagnapmis ssenweks uata nagnodnocek(

.)nagnecnemek


51

tsid macam aparebeb lanekid kitsitats umli malaD kaynab gnay isneukerf isubir

gnay isneukerf isubirtsid sinej tapme ini tukireB .igolordih gnadib malad nakanugid

:igolordih gnadib malad nakanugid kaynab gnilap

- lamroN isubirtsiD - lamroN goL isubirtsiD

- III epyT nosraeP isubirtsiD - goL isubirtsiD III nosreP

- lebmuG isubirtsiD

2.2 1.3. lamroN isubirtsiD

nagnutihreP .ssuaG isubirtsid aguj tubesid lamron avruk uata lamron isubirtsiD

iagabes naamasrep iaynupmem ,lamroN isubirtsid edotem turunem anacner najuh haruc

:tukireb

uata +

................................ ..... )1.2(

id X :anam T T gnalu edoirep nagned idajret nakparahid gnay ialin naarikrep = - ,nanuhat

X atar ialin = - K ,tairav ialin radnats isaived = S ,tairav gnutih atar T ,isneukerf rotkaf =

rep uata gnaulep irad isgnuf nakapurem gnalu edoi isubitrsid kitametam ledom epit nad

kutnu nakanugid gnay gnaulep .gnaulep sisilana

:naksumurid gnay satilibaborp nataparek isgnuf ikilimem lamroN isubirtsiD

=

. . . pxe

.

............... )2.2(

anam id nad gnisam gnay ,kitsitats retemarap halada - atar ialin halada gnisam - atar

.tairav irad isaived radnats nad

K isneukerf rotkaf ialin ,nagnutihrep hadumrepmem kutnU T hadus aymumu

( ssuaG iskuder lebairav ialin lebat iagabes tubesid ,lebat malad aidesret elbairaV

ssuaG decuder .2 lebaT malad nakkujnutid itrepes ,) 1.


61

.2 lebaT 1 iskudeR lebairaV ialiN ssuaG .

.oN edoireP

T,gnalu gnauleP TK

)nuhat(

1 100,1 999,0 - 50,3

2 500,1 599,0 - 85,2

3 010,1 099,0 - 33,2

4 050,1 059,0 - 46,1

5 011,1 009,0 - 82,1

6 052,1 008,0 - 48,0

7 033,1 057,0 - 76,0

8 034,1 007,0 - 25,0

9 076,1 006,0 - 52,0

01 000,2 005,0 0

11 005,2 004,0 52,0

21 033,3 003,0 25,0

31 000,4 052,0 76,0

41 000,5 002,0 48,0

51 000,01 001,0 82,1

61 000,02 050,0 46,1

71 000,05 020,0 50,2

81 000,001 010,0 33,2

91 000,002 500,0 85,2

02 000,005 200,0 88,2

12 000,000,1 100,0 90,3

rebmuS )4002 ,nipiruS( :

2.2 2.3. lamroN goL isubirtsiD

gol = Y kimtiragol kutneb maladek habuid X atad lamroN goL isubirtsid malaD

X gol = Y kaca lebairav akiJ .X nakatakid X akam ,lamron araces isubirtsidret

haruc nagnutihrep lamroN goL isubirtsid kutnU .lamroN goL isubirtsid itukignem

:ini tukireb naamasrep nakanuggnem anacner najuh

uata +

................................ ........ )3.2(

Y :anam id T T gnalu edoirep nagned idajret nakparahid gnay ialin naarikrep = - ,nuhat Y

atar ialin = - K nad ,tairav ialin radnats isaived = S ,tairav gnutih atar T ,isneukerf rotkaf =

isubitrsid kitametam ledom epit nad gnalu edoirep uata gnaulep irad isgnuf nakapurem

ep .gnaulep sisilana kutnu nakanugid gnay gnaul


71

:tukireb iagabes halada lamroN goL satilibaborp nataparek isgnuF

=

. . . . pxe

.

................................ ..... )4.2(

:anam id , nad .

:naamasreP = + k. ................................ ........ )5.2(

=

................................ ................................ ........................ )6.2(

=

() ; =

................................ . )7.2(

:anam id X RT ,atad halmuj = n ,t gnalu edoirep nagned najuh haruc aynraseb = gol x =

atar mumiskam nairah najuh haruc - isneukerf rotkaf = k ,kimtiragol agrah malad atar

C ,isairav neisifeok irad isgnuf iagabes( ,retemaraP 2 lamroN goL irad v edoirep nad ;

,)t gnalu S gol x nad ,aynkimtiragol agrah malad atad naiakgnar irad isaived dradnats =

Cv .retemaraP v lamroN goL irad isairav neisifeok =

2.2 3.3. III epyT nosraeP isubirtsiD

halada III epyT nosraeP isubirtsid gnaulep nataparek isgnuf anahredes araceS

:tukireb iagabes

xt x= i K + T S. i ................................ ................................ .................... )8.2(

x :anam id i ek atad = - S ,i i = radnats C , isaived s = ,ssenweks neisifeok K nad T =

.III epyT nosraeP isubirtsid tafis rotkaf

2.2 4.3. III epyT nosraeP goL isubirtsiD

ini III epyT nosraeP isubirtsid gnaulep nataparek isgnuf anahredes araceS

:tukireb iagabes naamasrep iaynupmem

= . ................................ ......................... )9.2(

=

................................ ................................ ...... )01.2(

Si = isaived radnats =

() .......................... )11.2(

Cs = ssenweks neisifeok =

().() ...................... )21.2(


81

x :anam id i ek atad = - S ,i i = C , isaived radnats s = halmuj = n ,ssenweks neisifeok

K nad atad T .isneukerf neisifeok =

2.2 5.3. lamertskE I epyT lebmuG isubirtsiD

najuh isneukerf sisilana malad nakanugid kaynab lebmuG isubirtsid adoteM

gnay :sumur iaynupmem

Rt = S.K + R x ................................ ................................ ................. )31.2(

K y( = t - yn S/) n ................................ ................................ .................. )41.2(

Yt = - t(/t gol 303,2 + 438,0( - ))1 ................................ ....................... )51.2(

R :anam id t = = R ,)mm( nuhat t gnalu edoirep kutnu najuh haruc haruc 1 najuh

atar mumiskam - S ,atar x = K ,isaived radnats = S nad ,isneukerf rotkaf n Y , n rotkaf =

atar radnats isaived nagnarugnep - .atad halmuj irad isgnuf iagabes atar

2. 4.2 isubirtsiD nakococeK ijU

( nakococek nakutnenem kutnu halada isubirtsid nakococek ijU fo ssendoog eht

tset tif irad isnewkerf isubirtsid ) id gnay gnaulep isubirtsid isgnuf padahret atad lepmas

tubesret isnewkerf isubirtsid ilikawem uata nakrabmaggnem tapad nakarikrep

nagned nakukalid tapad retem arap naijugnep kutnU .retemarap naijugnep nakulrepid

ihC ijU - ( tardauk ihC - erauqs ijU uata ) nrimS vo - vorgomloK nakococek ijU . vonrimS -

vorgomloK ( cirtemarap non nakococek iju tubesid aguj gnires tset cirtemarap non ,)

.utnetret isubirtsid isgnuf nakanuggnem kadit aynnaijugnep anerak

lebaT 2.2 sitirk ialiN oD kutnu ijU vonrimS - vorogomloK .

N 02.0 01.0 50.0 10.0

5 54.0 15.0 65.0 76.0

01 23.0 73.0 14.0 94.0

51 72.0 3.0 43.0 04.0

02 32.0 62.0 92.0 63.0

52 12.0 42.0 72.0 23.0

03 91.0 22.0 42.0 92.0

53 81.0 02.0 32.0 72.0


91

N 02.0 01.0 50.0 10.0

04 71.0 91.0 12.0 52.0

54 61.0 81.0 02.0 42.0

05 51.0 71.0 91.0 32.0

n

05 /70.1 n 5.0 /22.1 n 5.0 /63.1 n 5.0 /36.1 n 5.0

rebmuS )4002 ,nipiruS( :

fitalumuk satilibaborp aratna nagnidnabrep pukacnem aynrasad rudesorP

gnay lepmaS .uajnitid gnay isgnuf fitalumuk isubirtsid nad nagnapal ,n narukureb

utaus kutnebmem naka rutaid gnay atad iraD .takgninem gnay naturu nagned rutaid

.aggnat fitalumuk isneukerf isgnuf

:tukireb iagabes halada ini naijugnep rudesorP

.1 aynraseb nakutnet nad )aynkilabes uata licek ek raseb irad( atad nakturU

gnaulep gnisam irad - :tubesret atad gnisam

X1 X(P 1) X2 X(P 2) Xn X(P n)

.2 gnisam ialin nakutneT - narabmaggnep lisah irad sitiroet gnaulep gnisam

.atad

X1 X(P 1) X2 X(P 2) Xn X(P n)

.3 gnaulep aratna rasebret hisiles nakutnet tubesret gnaulep ialin audek iraD

natamagnep .sitiroet gnaulep nagned

X( P [ mumiskaM = D m ) X(P m ] )

.4 ( sitirk ialin lebat nakrasadreB vonrimS - tset vorogomloK nakutnet ) N iali

( sitirk oD .) sitiroet isubirtsid akam oD ialin irad licek hibel D ialin alibapA

id naamasrep nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid gnay ,amiretid tapad isubirts

gnay sitiroet isubirtsid akam oD ialin irad raseb hibel D ialin alibapa ipatet

.amiretid tapad kadit isubirtsid nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid

2.2.5 najuH haruC satisnetnI

utas malad najuh haruc halmuj halada najuh haruc satisnetnI ,utkaw nautas

haruc satisnetni aynraseb nad ,kednep akgnaj najuh haruc kutnu maj /mm aynamapmu


02

nakataynem gnay sumur aparebeB .najuh haruc aynamal adap gnutnagret najuh

:tukireb iagabes halada najuh haruc aynamal nad satisnetni aratna nagnubuh

.1 toblaT .forP :

.2 :namrehS .forP

.3 :orugihsI .rD

.4 :ebononoM

/

id gnires ebononoM sumuR gnutihgnem kutnu nakanugid ,gnapeJ id nakanug

.nairah najuh haruc atad nakrasadreb paites najuh haruc satisnetni

kutnu ,)tinem( najuh haruc aynamal = t ,)maj/mm( najuh haruc satisnetni = I :anam id

malad ebononoM sumur ;b ;a ,)maj( a ,napatet = n ; R 42 nikgnum gnay najuh haruc =

maj 42 malad mumixam najuh haruc( utnetret gnalu asam nakrasadreb idajret - .)mm

agraH - halada tubesret najuh haruc satisnetni sumur paites kutnu napatet agrah

:tukireb iagabes

.1 :toblaT .forP araC

:anam id =

[.] []

[] [] [] ................................ ................................ ............... )12.2(

b = [.]

[] [] [] ................................ ............................ )22.2(

)61.2( ..........

)71.2( ..........

)81.2( ...........

)91.2( ..........

)02.2( ..............


12

.2 :namrehS .forP araC

:anam id a = [ . ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ] ......................... )42.2(

n =[ ][ ] [ . ]

[ ] [ ] [ ] ................................ ... )52.2(

.3 :orugihsI .rD araC

:anam id a = [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ] ................................ ................. )72.2(

n =

[ ] [ ] [ ] ................................ ....................... )82.2(

halada sataid sumur adap N agraH )najuh haruc aynamal( t agrah aynkaynab

51 ,tinem 01 ,tinem 5 = t kutnu aynlasim ,uajnitid gnay 021 ,tinem 06 ,tinem 03 ,tinem

.8 = N : akam tinem 027 ,tinem 063 ,tinem

2.2.6 najuH ataD nahalogneP

narilA hareaD atareR najuH .1

araC .a R ata - atar A abajl r

................................ .............. )92.2(

anam id ,natamagnep sop halmuj = n ,haread najuh haruc = R : R1, R2, Rn =

.natamagnep sop pait najuh haruc

nesseihT edoteM .b

R =++

++ ................................ ................... )03.2(

)32.2( ..............

)62.2( ..........


22

anam id ,haread najuh haruc = R : R1, R2, Rn sop pait najuh haruc =

,natamagnep A1, A2, An natamagnep sop pait haread saul =

.

.2 rabmaG 3 )8002 ,ilseW( nesseihT nogiloP hotnoC

teyhosI edoteM .c

R =++

++ ................................ .................... )13.2(

,haread najuh haruc = R :anam id R1, R2, Rn atar najuh haruc = - aera adap atar

A1, A2, An ; A1, A2, An argopot( tyhosi sirag aratna aera saul = .)if

.2 rabmaG 4 )3991 ,otraH irS( ifargopoT tyhosI siraG hotnoC

naakumrep sataid( LPD aera iakapid kadit ini USU supmaK aera lah malaD

ajas lakol aera aynah iakapid gnay licek gnay haread nasaul malad adareb anerak )tual

iggnit hibel aynharead nupualaw .nanubmit nad nailag isavele nakanugid akam

2.2.7 anacneR rijnaB

gnires ulalret nagnaj raga licek ulalret nakpatet atik helob kadit anacner rijnaB

kadit aguj ipateT .aynratikes id haread uata nanugnab nakasurgnep namacna idajret

ihes raseb ulalret helob idajret najuh aynhutaJ .simonoke kadit nanugnab naruku aggn

gnadak aynaH .utnetret sulkis utaus nad alop utaus turunem - idajret gnadak

nagnapmiynep - gnay alop adap ilabmek aynasaib ipatet uti alop adap nagnapmiynep


32

ijnab nakutnenem kutnU .rutaret ad anacner r las naanacnerep mal ulrep ,esaniard naru

nagnabmitrep nakadaid - :adap nakrasadid gnay simonoke ordih nagnabmitrep

.a aynkadit gnires nad rijnab idajret akij atiredid naka gnay naigurek aynraseB

.idajret uti nakasurek

ayngnitnep halada ini nagnabmitrep irad akaM ,naknamaid surah gnay kejbo

aynmumu atok malad id narotnakrep uata kududnep namikumep haread utaus aynlasim

gnay naigureK .naasedep id gnosok haread utaus adap irad gnitnep hibel ialinid

rek apureb tapad naatokrep hared id rijnab ria nagnaneg naktabikaid trah naigu ,adneb a

ulal sura aynuggnagret - nakgnadeS .kududnep nataigek aynuggnagret nad satnil

ikagnem aynah nikgnum naasedep haread id idajret gnay ria nagnaneg naktab

ulal nagnubuh aynsutupret aynmumu gnay ,utkaw aparebeb amales naaradnek satnil

igeb kadit .tapmetes taykar napudihek adap aynhuragbep raseb ut

.b nanugnab simonoke rumU

simonoke rumu apadahret nakiausesid surah aguj anacner rijnab aynraseB

,nuhat 01 amales esaniard narulas utaus simonoke rumu aynamapmu ,nanugnab

dahret nugnabid naka kadit aynutnet kadit nikgnum gnay nuhat 02 anacner rijnab pa

.uti nanugnab rumu amales idajret hanrep naka

.c nanugnabmep ayaiB

gnidnabes naka esaniard narulas utaus kutnu nanugnabmep ayaib nahabmatreP

narulas nanugnabmep kutnu nakpatetid gnay anacner rijnab aynraseb nagned esaniard

,ini iduts malad nakparetid naka gnay anacner rijnab nakutnenem kutnU .tubesret

nautnetek nakrasadreb nagnabmitrep libmaid - nad gnalu asam ianegnem nautntetek

.esaniard narulas nanugnabmep kutnu isnewkerf asilana

I id aynamapmU am nakanugid sirggn raseb naigabes kutnu nuhat 2 gnalu as

gnaresid hadum gnay haread adap nakparetid nuhat 5 gnalu asam ,esaniard narulas


42

naruls adap nakparetid nuhat 52 uata nuhat 01 gnalu asam nad rijnab - tasup id narulas

gnoroG .atok - ap nakrasadid aynmumu amatu nalaj gnorog iapmas 05 anacner rijnab ad

nalaj kutnu nuhat 52 nad ,nuhat 001 - .gnitnep gnaruk gnay nalaj

narulas nadeM USU supmaK haread kutnU - padahret nakanacnerid aynnarulas

narulas adap nakparetid naka gnay gnalu asaM .nuhat 01 uata 5 rijnab gnalu asam

taus esaniard haread id najuh haruc kitsiretkarak helo aguj ihuragnepid utnetret haread u

amatu narasaS .isnewkerf asilana nakadaid anacner rijnab nakutnenem malaD .tubesret

aynidajret satiliblaborp iuhategnem kutnu halada duskamid isnewkerf asilana irad

N amales rijnab gnalu asam lavretni ini lah malaD .nuhat rT gnalu asam malad nuhat

aguj tubesid uata doirep nruter atar utkw nakapurem anam gnay rT nagned nakataynid -

nial atak nagned uatA .iulalid uata iamasid gnay naidajek aud aratna gnusgnalreb atar

da naidajek nuhat N ihibelem iamasid kutnu nakparahid gnay naidajek nakapurem hala

atar - .nuhat rT gnalu asam malad nuhat N paites atar

akiJ P (X x) ,irad gnaruk uata iamasid naka x awhab satilibaborp nakapurem

akam P (X x) gnaruk uata iamasid naka x awhab satilibaborp nakapurem nuhat n irad

.gnalureb naidajek

( ) [( )] = [ ] ................................ . )23.2(

:irad gnaruk uata amas gnay naidajeK

( ) [ ] ................................ .................... )33.2(

................................ ................................ .................... )43.2(

( )

................................ ............................. )53.2(

satilibaborp akam nuhat 01 nuhat gnalu asam nagned rijnab kutnu aynamapmU

:halada ilakees nuhat 2 kutnu rijnab aynidajret


52

( )

= , . % ....... )63.2(

asam nagned naanacnerep kutnu nial atak nagneD satilibaborp akam nuhat 01 gnalu

.% 91 halada ilakes nuhat 2 kutnu rijnab

2.2.8 )C( narilagneP neisifeoK

( narila halmuj aratna nagnidnabrep hlada )C( narilagnep neisifeoK ffo nur )

:nagned takgnisid aggniheS .najuh haruc halmuj nagned

= C

................................ ................................ ....... )73.2(

rusgnareb narilagnep akgna esatnesreP - najuh amales habmatreb rusgna

adebreb tubesret narilagnep neisifeok agrah aguj ,gnusgnalreb - ini lah anam gnay ,adeb

:nial aratna nakbabesid tapad

.1 kaF :pukacnem gnay ,igoloroetem rot

.a najuh haruC

.b ispesretnI

.c isaropavE

.d isaripsnarT

.2 :ipukacnem gnay ,haread rotkaF

.a narilagnep haread kitsiretkaraK

.b :nial aratna utiay ,kisif rotkaF

- )esu dnal( hanat naanuggneP

- hanat sineJ

- ifargopot isidnoK

paites irad huragnep aynraseb nakutnenem kutnu rakus apateb itregnemid tapaD

iridnes uti rotkaf - rotkaf aumes nakgnutihrepid nikgnum uti nagned gnubuhreB .iridnes

iridnes araces - .iridnes nakgnutihrepmem surah narilagnep neisifeok nahilimeP

ynada nanikgnumek ini lah malad anerak irah naidumekid nahal anugatat nahaburep a

utausid narila aynraseb nakutnenem malad raseb tagnas narilagnep neisifeok huragnep


62

narilagnep neisifeok ,tubesret narila haread sinej nakrasadreb utnetret haread tapmet

tahilrepid mumu araces :ini tukireb 5.2 elbaT nak

5.2 lebaT S )C( narilA neisifeoK arace U .mum

narilA hareaD epiT isidnoK C narilA neisifeoK

natupmureR %2 ,ratad ,risap hanaT 50.0 - 01.0

atar ,risap hanaT - 2 ,atar - %7 01.0 - 51.0

%7 ,maruc ,risap hanaT 51.0 - 02.0

%2 ,ratad ,kumeg hanaT 31.0 - 71.0

atar ,kumeg hanaT - 2 ,atar - %7 81.0 - 22.0

%7 ,maruC kumeg hanaT 52.0 - 53.0

ssenisuB amal atoK hareaD 57.0 - 59.0

nariggnip hareaD 05.0 - 07.0

nahamureP "ylimaf elgniS" hareaD 03.0 - 05.0

"stinu itluM" hasipret - hasip 04.0 - 06.0

pututret "stinu itluM" 06.0 - 57.0

"nabrubuS" 52.0 - 04.0

nemetrapa hamur hareaD 05.0 - 07.0

irtsudnI nagnir hareaD 05.0 - 08.0

tareb hareaD 06.0 - 09.0

narubuk ,nanamatreP 01.0 - 52.0

niamreb tapmeT 02.0 - 53.0

ipa aterek namalaH 02.0 - 04.0

kadit gnay hareaD 01.0 - 03.0

nalaJ lapasreB 07.0 - 59.0

noteB 08.0 - 59.0

utaB 07.0 - 58.0

kian nad nalajreb kutnU 07.0 - 58.0

patA 07.0 - 59.0

rebmuS : ( 8002 ,ilseW )

2.2.9 nagnupmaT neisifeoK

fitaler najuh ria gnupmanem kutnu nagnukec ikilimem gnay hareaD

ikilimem kadit gnay haread nagned nakgnidnabid najuh ria tikides hbel nakrilagnem

anacner tibed padahret ini nagnukec helo nagnupmat kefE .ilakes amas nagnukec

at neisifeok nagned nakarikrepid .ini tukireb sumur nagned helorepid gnay nagnupm


72

anam id C : s T ,nagnupmat neisifeok = c T ,)maj( isartnesnok utkaw = d ria narila utkaw =

.)maj( narukugnep tapmet ek aggnih uluh irad narulas malad id rilagnem

2.2. 01 isartnesnoK utkaW

ria nakhutubid gnay utkaw halada narilagnep haread adap isartnesnok utkaW

( gnaubmep utaus ek huajret gnay haread irad rilagnem kutnu teltuo gnay ,utnetret )

naigab aumes adap isartnesnok utkaw nagned amas najuh aynamal awhab nakismusaid

amasreb lupmukreb najuh ria anamid narilagnep haread - utaus naktapadnem kutnu amas

adap mumiskam gnay tibed teltuo .

aigab )aud( 2 irad iridret isatnesnok utkaW :n

.a ( nakusamep utkaW emit telni uata ) yrtne fo emit gnay utkaw utiay

.narulas ek kusam kutnu naakumrep narila helo nakhutubid

.b ( narilagnep utkaW emit tiudnoc utiay ) kutnu ria helo nakulrepid gnay utkaw

id nakutnetid gnay lortnok kitit iapmas narulas gnajnapes id rilagnem

.rilih naigab .narulas adap

.2 rabmaG 5 A narulaS hotnoC )6791 ,onoyuS( narilagnep haread utaus adap B

.2 rabmaG adaP 5 A lanogaid isatnilem esaniard narulas haubes tahilret , - adap B

naka tubesret najuh akam A kitit adap hutaj najuh aliB .narilagnep haread haubes

B kitit ek nakrilagnem areges gnay najuh ria aynlah aguj naikimed ,aynsuretes nad

.B kitit id iapmas aynsuretes nad narulas ek kusam naka A kitit ratikes id hutaj

)83.2( ..............


82

gnay utkaw halada nakusamep utkaw halada naksalejid tapad ini narabmag iraD

kusam huajret kitit irad najuh ria nakhutubid ,A kitit aynlasim narilagnep kitit ek

nanalajrep malad ria helo nakhutubid gnay utkaw halada narilagnep utkaw nakgnades

.B ek A kitit irad

( nakusamep utkaW emit telni :helo ihuragnepid )

.1 .narilagnep haread naakumrep narasakeK

.2 .narilagnep haread nahunejeK

.3 K .narilagnep haread nagnirime

.4 .narulas ek igabmep laera karaj uata haread naigab irad isiS

.5 .tubesret haread adap ada gnay nahamurep /pata nanusuS

namalah nasarekrep ,pata irad lasareb gnay najuh haruc kutnu ini lah malaD

ek kusam gnusgnal gnay nalaj nupuata 5 irad hibel kadit aynnakusamep utkaw ,narulas

nakhutubid gnay nakusamep utkaw ,ratad fitaler gnay laisremok haread adaP .tinem

ratad fitaler gnay kududnep namikumep haread adap nad ,tinem 51 ipamas 01 ratikes

nem 03 iapmas 02 ratikes nakhutubid gnay utkaw .ti

( narilagnep utkaW wolf fo emit narulas gnajnap nagnidnabrep adap gnutnagret )

irad nakismusaid gnay hcipriK irad siripme sumur turuneM .narila natapecek nad

atar narasakek neisifeok kutnu gninnaM sumur - iraj nad atar - ukalreb gnay siluardih iraj

lada mumu :tukireb iagabes ha

,

, ................................ ................................ ...... )93.2(

:anam id t fo telni irad uajnitid gnay narulas gnajnap = L ,)tinem( narilagnep utkaw =

haread nagnirimek( epols = s ,)m( uajnitid gnay gnapmat ek iapmas )nakusamep(

.)narilagnep

utkaw akaM :uata narilagnep utkaw + nakusamep utkaw = isartnesnok

................................ ................................ .................... )04.2(


92

2.2 1. 1 lanoisaR edoteM

nagned nagnutihrep iakapid ini iduts adap anacner tibed gnutihgnem kutnU

kutnu edotem utas halas halada lanoisaR edoteM .lanoisaR edotem tibed nakutnenem

utaus nakapurem aynmumu gnay ,najuh haruc helo naktabikaid gnay naakumrep narila

arulas tibed nakanacnerem kutnu rasad M irad ismusa nupadA .esaniard n edote

amas najuh haruc utkaw amal ualak idajret mumiskam narilagnep halada lanoisaR

agned silutid tapad sitametam araceS .aynnarila haread isartnesnok utkaw amal n

:tukireb iagabes

, . . ................................ ................................ .......... )14.2(

anam id malad tibed = Q : m3 satisnetni = I ,aH malad narila haread nasaul = A ,ted /

akgna = C ,maj /mm malad najuh haruc .narilagnep

08 irad hibel kadit aynnarilagnep saul gnay haread kutnu ukalreb sataid sumuR

akam aH 08 irad raseb hibel aynnarilagnep saul gnay haread kutnu nakgnades ,aH

:idajnem haburid surah sataid lanoisar sumur

, . . . ................................ ................................ ..... )24.2(

anam id malad tibed = Q : m3 satisnetni = I ,aH malad narila haread nasaul = A ,ted /

,narilagnep akgna = C ,maj /mm malad najuh haruc Cs nagnupmat neisifeok = .

+ ................................ ................................ ..................... )34.2(

,nagnupmat neisifeok = sC :anam id Tc maj( isartnesnok utkaw = nad ,) Td utkaw =

.)maj( narukugnep tapmet ek aggnih uluh irad narulas mal did rilagnem ria narila

2.3 uardiH sisilanA akil

2. 1.3 isinifeD

awabmep nanugnab iulalem nial tapmet utaus irad tukgnaid tapad riac taZ

nanugnaB .aisunam nataub nupuam haimala nupuam akubret tapad ini awabmep

pututret narulas tubesid aynsata naigab pututret gnay narulaS .aynsata naigab pututret


03

( stiudnoc desolc akubret narulas tubesid aynsata naigab akubret gnay nakgnades ,)

( slennahc nepo .) autse ,nakoles ,isagiri naruls ,iagnuS ,akubret narulas nakapurem yr

gnorog ,tcudauqa ,apip ,nagnoworet nakgnades - narulas nakapurem nohpis nad ,gnorog

.pututret gnay ria naakumrep tapadret akubret narulas iulalem narilagnep metsis adaP

( sabeb ecafrus eerf huragnepid ini sabeb naakumrep anam id ) raul aradu nanaket helo i

gnay nahal adap nakanugid aynmumu akubret narulas ,gnusgnal araces hisam

ulal ,)saul( naknikgnumem - nanak nad irik nabeb ,gnaraj fitaler aynikak nalajep satnil

.nagnir fitaler narulas

ek nad gnapmanep kutneb isnetsisnok nakrasadreB narulas aynrasad nagnirim

:idajnem nakisakifisalkid tapad akubret

.a ( kitamsirp narulaS lennahc citamsirp gnapmanep kutneb gnay narulas utiay ,)

.patet aynrasad nagnirimek nad gnatnilem

.isagiri narulas ,esaniard narulas : hotnoC

.b kitamsirp non narulaS ( lennahc citamsirp non kutneb gnay narulas utiay ,)

habureb aynrasad nagnirimek nad gnatnilem gnapmanep - .habu

.iagnus : hotnoC

( mala narulas irad iridret akubret narulas adap narilA lennahc larutan itrepes ,)

iagnus - h )nagnunugep( uluh haread id licek iagnus nad ,araum id raseb iagnus aggni

( nataub narulas lennahc laicifitra isagiri narulas ,nalaj ipet esaniard narulas itrepes ,)

ek ria awabmem kutnu narulas ,nagnaubmep narulas ,nahawasrep iriagnem kutnu

m ria ylppus kutnu narulas ,ria aganet kirtsil tikgnabmep .rijnab narulas nad ,muni

hagnetes ,talub ,tapme iges ,muisepart ,agitiges kutnebreb tapad nataub narulaS

.2 rabmaG( nususret kutneb nad ,narakgnil 6 .)

.2 rabmaG 6 kutneB - kutneb liforP S narula )4002 ,nipiruS( akubreT


13

2.3.2 narilA isakifisalK

2.3. 1.2 nenamreP kadiT nad nenamreP narilA

J akam ,utkaw padahret habureb kadit kitit utaus adap narila natapecek aki

( kanut uata nenamrep narila tubesid aynnarila wolf ydaets utaus adap natapecek akij ,)

ubesid aynnarila akam ,utkaw padahrat habureb utnetret isakol nenamrep kadit narila t

( kanut kadit uata wolf ydaetsnu lah malaD .) - naknikgnumid utnetret lah

ucagnem nagned nenamrep narila idajnem nenamrep kadit narila nakisamrofsnartsnem

aparebeb nakrawanem ini naanahredeyneP .karegreb gnay isnerefer tanidrook adap

ek ,tiakret naamasrep nasilunep nahadumek ,isasilausiv nahadumek itrepes ,nagnutnu

.ayniagabes nad

2.3. habureB nad magareS narilA 2.2

narulas gnajnapes habureb kadit utnetret utkaw utaus adap narila natapecek akiJ

arila tubesid aynnarila akam ,uajnitid gnay ( magares n wolf mrofinu akij ,numaN .)

tubesid aynnarila akam ,karaj padahret habureb utnetret taas adap narila natapecek

( habureb narila uata magares kadit narila wolf mrofinunon ro wolf deirav .)

akam ,karaj padahret natapecek naahaburep ujal nakrasadreB tapad narila

( nual tabmal habureb narila idajnem nakisakifisalkid wolf deirav yllaudarg narila uata )

abit habureb - ( abit wolf deirav yldipar .)

2.3. nelubruT nad renimaL narilA 3.2

apmat narila nad utnetret rula itukignem karegreb gnay riac taz lekitrap akiJ k

tares nakarg itrepes - nasipal uata tares - tubesid aynnarila akam ,lelarap gnay sipit nasipal

,narutareb kadit gnay rula itukignem karegreb riac taz lekitrep akij ,aynkilabeS .renimal

narila tubesid aynnarila akam ,utkaw nupuam gnaur padahret uajnitid kiab .nelubrut

nalatnekek ayag aratna fitaler huragnep halada narila naadaek nakutnenem gnay rotkaF


23

( satisoksiv ayag akiJ .aisreni ayag nad ) satisoksiv aynnarila akam ,nanimod gnay

.nelubrut aynnarila akam ,nanimod gnay aisreni ayag akij nakgnades ,renimal

2.3. sitirekrepuS nad sitirK ,sitirkbuS narilA 4.2

natapecekk nagned amas narila natapecek alibapa sitirk nakatakid narilA

F nakataynid licek odutilpma nagned isativarg gnabmoleg r isativarg gnabmoleG .1 =

akiJ .namaladek haburem nagned naktikgnabid tapad licek hibel narila natapecek

F nagned nakataynid sitirkbus tubesid aynnarila akam ,sitirk natapecek adapirad r ,1

araP aratna habsin halada tubesret narila sinej agitek nakutnenem gnay retem

F( eduorF nagnalib nagned nakataynid gnay ,aisreni ayag nad isativarg ayag r nagnaliB .)

:iagabes nakisinifedid igesrep kutnebreb narulas kutnu eduorF

.

natapecrep= g ,)m( narila namaladek = h ,)ted/m( narila natapecek = V :anam id

.)ted/m( isativarg

2.3. natapeceK isubirtsiD 5.2

kitit ek kitit utas irad isairavreb tagnas aynasaib narulas malad narila natapeceK

ini lah malaD .aynnial reseg nagnaget aynada nakbabesid narulas gnidnid nad rasad id

naadarebek nad narulas gnidnid id nad rasad id reseg nagnaget aynada naadarebek nad

mrep adap natapecek isubirtsid lakipit nnaktahilrepmem 7.2 rabmaG .sabeb naaku

.narulas gnatnilem nagnotop epit aparebeb

.suisetrak tanidrook turunem hara nenopmok agit iaynupmem narila natapeceK

ad licek aynasaib laretar hara nad lakitrev hara nenopmok ,numaN .nakiabaid n

ah , aggniheS haraes gnay narila natapecek ayn .nakgnutihrepid gnay narila hara nagned

( ............... )44.2


33

lakipiT .ria naakumrep irad namaladek padahret isairavreb ini natapecek nenopmoK

.8.2 rabmaG malad naktahilrepid ria namaladek padahret natapecek isairav

.2 rabmaG 7 gnatnilem nagnotop kutneb iagabreb adap natapecek isubirtsiD

.2 rabmaG 8 )4002 ,nipiruS( namaladek isgnuf iagabes natapecek isubirtsid aloP

2.3. narilA natapeceK mumU sumuR 6.2

alad nupadA iakapid tapad narila natapecek iracnem m iagabes sumur aparebeb

:tukireb

.a )magares patet narila kutnu( yzehC

................................ ................................ .................... )54.2(

V :anam id atar natapecek = - = R ,yzehC neisifeoK = C ,)ted/m( atar j ira - iraj

h = I ,kilordi k uata igrene tneidarg irad uata ria naakumrep irad nagnirime

rasad irad sirag ,narulas - .atarem gnay patnam narila kutnu rajajes aynsirag

.b gninnaM

V = // ................................ ................................ ........... )64.2(

V :anam id atar natapecek = - ,)ted/m( atar n neisifeoK = gninnaM = R , j ira -

iraj h = I ,kilordi k tneidarg irad uata ria naakumrep irad nagnirime igrene

sirag ,narulas rasad irad uata - gnay patnam narila kutnu rajajes aynsirag

.atarem


43

.c relkcirtS

. // ................................ ................................ .......... )74.2(

/ ................................ ................................ ......... )84.2(

V :anam id atar natapecek = - ,)ted/m( atar sk neisifeoK = ,relkcirtS d 53 =

retemaid nagned lairetam tareb %53 nagned nagnubuhreb gnay retemaid

,raseb hibel gnay R j = ira - iraj h = I ,kilordi k ria naakumrep irad nagnirime

sirag ,narulas rasad irad uata igrene tneidarg irad uata - kutnu rajajes aynsirag

.atarem gnay patnam narila

2.3.3 esaniarD narulaS sinkeT airetirK

sinket airetirk ,esaniard narulas nataubmep naanaskalep nad naanacnerep malaD

narulas raga nakitahrep id ulrep habmil ria nad najuh ria kutnu esaniard narulas

rk .aynisgnuf nagned iauses ajrekeb tapad tubesret esaniard esaniard narulas sinket aireti

:tukireb iagabes halada tubesret

.a :najuh ria esaniard narulas sinket airetirK

.1 inayalid naka gnay hanat akum irad hadner hibel anacner ria akuM

.2 isore naklubminem kadit numan ,tapec gnusgnalreb narilA

.3 rasebmem narulas satisapaK narila haraes

.b :habmil ria esaniard narulas sinket airetirK

.1 inayalid naka gnay hanat akum irad hadner hibel anacner ria akuM

.2 aynnasatnil gnajnapes ria satilauk iramecnem kadiT

.3 tikaynep nakrabeynem tapad gnay gnatanib helo iapacid hadum kadiT

.4 sesorp adA ada gnay narotok aggnihes narotnoleggnep uata narecnegnep

rihka nagnaubmep tapmet ek iapmas tapec araces tukgnasret tapad

.5 .akitetse uggnaggnem uata uab nakrabeynem kadiT

2.3. 4 narulaS gnapmaT isnemiD

rila tibed nakrasadreb halada narulas gnapmat isnemiD id surah gnay na

nagned tibed nagnubuh ini naanacnerep maladiD .tubesret narulas helo gnupmat

gninnaM sumur nakrasadreb nakutnetid gnapmat isnemid )64.2( naamasrep adap :


53

.

. . /. / ................................ ................................ ........... )94.2(

.2 rabmaG 9 muiseparT gnapmaT )4002 ,nipiruS(

id iraj = R ,narulas hasab gnapmat saul = A :anam - gnililek = P ,P/A = silordih iraj

.gninnaM narasakek neisifeok = n ,narulas rasad nagnirimek = S ,hasab

halada n narasakek neisifeok irad agrah gninnaM sumur nakanuggnem maladiD

akednep agrah utaus nakapurem e nakrasadreb nat rasadreb ayntujnaleS .nemirepsk nak

:tukireb lebat adap tapadret gnay itrepes halada n agrah notroH .E treboR nakidileynep

.2 lebaT 7 .gninnaM narasakeK neisifeoK

NARULAS SINEJ LAMRON .XAM

hisreb naakumrep nagned hanat narulaS 810,0 020,0

najuh haletes hisreb gnay hanat narulaS *220,0 520,0

hisreb nad likirekreb gnay hanat narulaS 520,0 030,0

kednep tupmur ihubmutid gnay hanat narulaS 720,0 030,0

noteb gninil nagned narulaS *310,0 510,0

gnoroG - kiab naadaek malad gnorog 110,0 310,0

gnoroG - nakoleb imalagnem gnay gnorog *310,0 410,0

rebmuS ( : nipiruS , 4002 )


chapter ii analisa kapasitas dan sistem draenase

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