chapter resources
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Chapter Resources. Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. glencoe.com. Image Bank. Foldables. Video Clips and Animations. Chapter Summary. Chapter Review Questions. Standardized Test Practice. glencoe.com. Image Bank. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter ResourcesChapter Resources
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glencoe.com
Image Bank
Foldables
Video Clips and Animations
Standardized Test Practice
Chapter Review Questions
Chapter Summary
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glencoe.com
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Dinosaur Fossil
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Dinosaur Fossil
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Dinosaur Tooth
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Coal
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Cast Formation
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Dinosaur Footprints
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Fossil Range Chart
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North America 310 Million Years Ago
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Undisturbed Layers of Rock
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Folded Layers of Rock
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Map
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Date Chart
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Decay Graph
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Earth
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Question Image
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FoldablesFoldables
Age of Rocks
Make the following Foldable to help you understand how scientists determine the age of a rock.
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FoldablesFoldables
Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise.
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FoldablesFoldables
Fold paper down 2.5 cm from the top. (Hint: From the tip of your index finger to your middle knuckle is about 2.5 cm.)
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FoldablesFoldables
Open and Draw lines along the 2.5-cm fold. Label as shown.
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FoldablesFoldables
As you read the chapter, in the left column, list four different ways in which one could determine the age of a rock. In the right column, note whether each method gives and absolute or a relative age.
Summarize in a Table
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Video ClipsVideo Clips
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Video ClipsVideo Clips
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Video ClipsVideo Clips
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11
• Fossils are more likely to form if hard parts of the dead organisms are buried quickly.
Fossils
Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• Some fossils form when original materials that made up the organisms are replaced with minerals. Other fossils form when remains are subjected to heat and pressure, leaving only a carbon film behind. Some fossils are the tracks or traces left by ancient organisms.
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22
• The principle of superposition states that, in undisturbed layers, older rocks lie underneath younger rocks.
Relative Ages of Rocks
• Unconformities, or gaps in the rock record, are due to erosion or periods of time during which no deposition occurred.
Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
• Rock layers can be correlated using rock types and fossils.
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33
• Absolute dating provides an age in years for the rocks.
Absolute Ages of Rock
• The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time it takes for half of the atoms of the isotope to decay into another isotope.
Reviewing Main IdeasReviewing Main Ideas
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Question 1
Which of these fossils consists of a silhouette of the original organism?
A. carbon filmB. castC. indexD. mold
PS 2.1f
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Answer
The answer is A. Carbon film fossils form when conditions in the sediment force liquids and gases from the organism’s body, leaving just carbon residue.
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Question 2
Which of these conditions makes fossil formation least likely?
A. buried quicklyB. attacked by scavengersC. made up of hard structuresD. possessed a shell
PS 2.1f
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Answer
The answer is B. Dead organisms are more likely to become fossils when they are protected from agents of destruction of all kinds, including scavengers.
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Question 3
Which occurs first in the formation of a cast?
A. compaction turns sediment into rockB. hard part of organism dissolvesC. mold fills with sedimentD. organism buried in sediment
PS 2.1f
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
AnswerThe answer is D. Compaction occurs after the object in sediment is buried by more sediment.
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Question 4
How can fossils be used to show that rock layers in different locations are the same age?
Answer
If the same types of fossils are found in the layers in different locations, it’s likely that the rock is the same age.
LE 3.2c
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Question 5
The breaking down of unstable isotopes into other isotopes and particles is called __________.
A. half-lifeB. inorganic metamorphosisC. radioactive decayD. relative decomposition
PS 2.1f
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Chapter ReviewChapter Review
Answer
The answer is C. In some cases, large amounts of energy are released during this process.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 1
What is the percent of parent isotope left after 5 half-lives?
Number of Half-Lives
Parent Isotope Remaining (%)
1 100
2 50
3 25
4 12.5
5 ?
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
A. 0.5B. 1.0C. 6.25D. 10
Number of Half-Lives
Parent Isotope Remaining (%)
1 100
2 50
3 25
4 12.5
5 ?
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. With each successive half-life, the amount of parent material decreases by half.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 2
How many half-lives will it take to reduce the parent material by 75%?
Number of Half-Lives
Parent Isotope Remaining (%)
1 100
2 50
3 25
4 12.5
5 ?
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4
Number of Half-Lives
Parent Isotope Remaining (%)
1 100
2 50
3 25
4 12.5
5 ?
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is C. After 3 half-lives, 25% of the parent material remains.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 3
In what age rock layers would you expect to find only Illaenus fossils?
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
A. 286-325 million yearsB. 360-410 million yearsC. 410-440 million yearsD. 440-505 million years
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is D. According to the table, it is found in rock from 410-505 million years old, but it is the only one of the fossils found in the layers that are 440-505 million years old.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 4
According to the figure, which of these rock layers is the oldest?
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
A. Carmel FmB. Cutler GpC. Dakota SsD. Entrada Ss
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. According to the figure, Cutler Gp rock layer was deposited 225-280 million years ago.
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Question 5
What is the structure labeled “D”?
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
A. alpha particleB. beta particle
C. daughter productD. proton
PS 2.1f
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Standardized Test PracticeStandardized Test Practice
Answer
The answer is B. In beta decay, a neutron changes into a proton and gives off a high-energy electron.
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End of Chapter Resources File