Chapter SixChapter SixNetworkingNetworking

HardwareHardware

AgendaAgenda

Questions about Ch. 11Questions about Ch. 11

Midterm ExamMidterm Exam

Ch.6 Ch.6

Cable kit Cable kit

HubsHubs

Multiport repeater containing multiple ports Multiport repeater containing multiple ports to interconnect multiple devicesto interconnect multiple devices

BridgesBridges

Like a repeater, Like a repeater, a bridge has a a bridge has a single input and single input and single output portsingle output port

Unlike a Unlike a repeater, it can repeater, it can interpret the data interpret the data it retransmitsit retransmits

BridgesBridges

Filtering databaseFiltering database Collection of data created and used by a bridge that Collection of data created and used by a bridge that

correlates the MAC addresses of connected correlates the MAC addresses of connected workstations with their locationsworkstations with their locations

Also known as a Also known as a forwarding tableforwarding table

BridgesBridges

Spanning tree algorithmSpanning tree algorithm Routine that can detect circular traffic patterns and Routine that can detect circular traffic patterns and

modify the way multiple bridges work together, in modify the way multiple bridges work together, in order to avoid such patternsorder to avoid such patterns

Transparent bridgingTransparent bridging Method used on many Ethernet networksMethod used on many Ethernet networks

SwitchesSwitchesSubdivide a network into Subdivide a network into smaller logical piecessmaller logical pieces

Create multiple, smaller Create multiple, smaller collision domainscollision domains

In a half duplex switched In a half duplex switched network there are only two network there are only two devices in each collision devices in each collision domain.domain.

In a full-duplex switched In a full-duplex switched environment there is only 1 environment there is only 1 device in each collision domain device in each collision domain (0 % chance of collision)(0 % chance of collision)

Cut-Through Mode andCut-Through Mode andStore and Forward ModeStore and Forward Mode

Cut-through modeCut-through mode Switching mode in which switch reads a Switching mode in which switch reads a

frame’s header and decides where to forward frame’s header and decides where to forward the data before it receives the entire packetthe data before it receives the entire packet

Cut-through switches can detect Cut-through switches can detect runtsrunts, or , or packet fragmentspacket fragments

Store and forward modeStore and forward mode Switching mode in which switch reads the Switching mode in which switch reads the

entire data frame into its memory and checks entire data frame into its memory and checks it for accuracy before transmitting the it for accuracy before transmitting the informationinformation

Using Switches to Create Using Switches to Create VLANsVLANs

Virtual local area networks (VLANs)Virtual local area networks (VLANs) Network within a network that is logically Network within a network that is logically

defined by grouping its devices’ switch ports defined by grouping its devices’ switch ports in the same broadcast domainin the same broadcast domain

Broadcast domainBroadcast domain Combination of ports that make up a Layer 2 Combination of ports that make up a Layer 2

segment and must be connected by a Layer 3 segment and must be connected by a Layer 3 devicedevice

Using Switches to Create Using Switches to Create VLANsVLANs

Higher-Layer SwitchesHigher-Layer Switches

Switch capable of interpreting Layer 3 data is Switch capable of interpreting Layer 3 data is called a called a Layer 3 switchLayer 3 switch

Switch capable of interpreting Layer 4 data is Switch capable of interpreting Layer 4 data is called a called a Layer 4 switchLayer 4 switch

These higher-layer switches may also be These higher-layer switches may also be called called routing switchesrouting switches or or application application switchesswitches

RoutersRouters

Multiport connectivity deviceMultiport connectivity device

Can integrate LANs and WANs running at Can integrate LANs and WANs running at different transmission speeds and using a different transmission speeds and using a variety of protocolsvariety of protocols

Routers operate at the Network layer Routers operate at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI Model(Layer 3) of the OSI Model

AgendaAgenda

Packet Tracer Exercise and Project Packet Tracer Exercise and Project QuestionsQuestions

Routers and Routing protocolsRouters and Routing protocols

Routing LABRouting LAB

Remember to Bring the cable kit next Remember to Bring the cable kit next weekweek

Router Features and FunctionsRouter Features and Functions

Modular routerModular router Router with Router with

multiple slots multiple slots that can hold that can hold different different interface cards interface cards or other or other devicesdevices

Router Features and FunctionsRouter Features and Functions

Filter out broadcast transmission to Filter out broadcast transmission to alleviate network congestionalleviate network congestion

Prevent certain types of traffic from Prevent certain types of traffic from getting to a networkgetting to a network

Support simultaneous local and remote Support simultaneous local and remote activityactivity

Router Features and FunctionsRouter Features and Functions

Static routingStatic routing Technique in which a network administrator programs Technique in which a network administrator programs

a router to use a specified paths between nodesa router to use a specified paths between nodes

Dynamic routingDynamic routing Automatically calculates best path between nodes Automatically calculates best path between nodes

and accumulates this information in a routing tableand accumulates this information in a routing table

HopHop Term used in networking to describe each trip data Term used in networking to describe each trip data

take from one connectivity device to anothertake from one connectivity device to another

Router Features and FunctionsRouter Features and Functions

Routing ProtocolsRouting Protocols

To determine the To determine the best pathbest path, routers , routers communicate with each other through communicate with each other through routing routing protocolsprotocolsIn addition to its ability to find the best path, a In addition to its ability to find the best path, a routing protocol can be characterized according routing protocol can be characterized according to its convergence time and bandwidth overheadto its convergence time and bandwidth overhead Convergence timeConvergence time

The time it takes for a router to recognize a best path in the The time it takes for a router to recognize a best path in the event of a change or outageevent of a change or outage

Bandwidth overheadBandwidth overheadBurden placed on an underlying network to support the Burden placed on an underlying network to support the routing protocolrouting protocol

Routing ProtocolsRouting Protocols

The four most common routing protocols:The four most common routing protocols: RIP (Routing Information Protocol) for IP and RIP (Routing Information Protocol) for IP and

IPXIPX OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) for IPOSPF (Open Shortest Path First) for IP EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing

Protocol) for IP, IPX, and AppleTalkProtocol) for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) for IPBGP (Border Gateway Protocol) for IP

GatewaysGateways

Combination of networking hardware and Combination of networking hardware and software that connects two dissimilar kinds of software that connects two dissimilar kinds of networksnetworks

Popular types of gateways include:Popular types of gateways include: E-mail gatewaysE-mail gateways IBM host gatewaysIBM host gateways Internet gatewaysInternet gateways LAN gatewaysLAN gateways