Chapter Sixteen

Population & Urbanization

Population – A group of people living in a particular place at a specified time

Demography – The scientific study of population

Fertility – A measure of the # of children born to a woman or a population of women

Fecundity – The max rate at which women can physically produce children

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) – Average # of children born to a woman during her lifetime

Fertility Rate – The annual # of live births per 1,000 women aged 15 to 44

Crude Birth Rate (CBR) – The annual # of live births per 1,000 members of a population

Mortality – Deaths within a population

Life Span – The most advanced age to which humans can survive

Life expectancy – The average # of years that persons in a given population born at a particular time can expect to live

Crude Death Rate (CDR) – The annual # of deaths per 1,000 members of a population

Infant Mortality Rate – The annual # of deaths among infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births

Migration – The movement of people from one geographic area to another

Gross Migration Rate – The # of persons per year per 1,000 members of a population who enter or leave a geographic area

Net Migration Rate – The annual increase or decrease per 1,000 members of a population resulting from migration into and out of the population

Census – Regularly occurring count of a particular population

Doubling time - Number of years needed to double the base population size

Fig. 16.2 pg. 537 – What generalizations can you make?

Using Fig. 16.3 could you have made Fig. 16.2? How?

Exponential Growth – Growth in which the amount of increase is added to the base figure each time period

Malthus and Positive v. Preventive population checks

Create a list of questions for a class census…find the demographic information about our classroom

How many times can you fold a sheet of paper?

Does a doubling population cause similar strain?

Know the Demographic Transition Theory: Fig. 16.4 pg. 540

Zero Population Growth – Situation in which deaths are balanced by births

Show world population growth video

Replacement level – Birth rate at which a couple replaces itself without adding to the population

Population Control – Attempts by gov’t to control birth rates

Family planning – The voluntary use of population control methods

What difference can one child make?

Population Pyramid – A graphic representative of the age and sex composition of a population

What are the differences between the two pyramids?

What would you guess is happening to their populations?

What guesses could be made about the United States during the 20th Century based on the Population Pyramids?

What other countries might share a similar set of pyramids?

What happened here? What’s going on here?

Urbanization – Process by which an increasingly larger portion of the population lives in cities

What are the differences between living in a big city and a small town?

What happens when many people move to the largest city in an undeveloped nation?

Suburbanization – Loss of population of a city to surrounding areas

What is the central-city dilemma and who is most affected by these problems?

Gentrification – The development of low-income areas by middle-class homebuyers, landlords, and developers

Urban ecology – The study of the relationships between humans and city environments

Concentric Zone Theory v. Sector Theory v. Multiple Nuclei Theory v. Peripheral Theory