PPRROOFF

3.1 Introduction Selection of location wherein the study would be conducted was an important step in research process. It has also been realized by Social Scientists and emphasized by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) that the formulation reached through macromeaningful from the viewpoint of policy decisions because such studies lead to sweeping aggregative generalizations. Therefore specific area based studies are expecmeaningful and significant information. About KonkanAbout KonkanAbout KonkanAbout Konkan The Konkan Division the Indian state of Maharashtrareligious communities

CHAPTER THIRD

FFIILLEE OOFF KKOONNKKAANN RREEGGIIOONN

wherein the study would be conducted was an important step in research process. It has also been realized by Social Scientists and emphasized by Indian Council of Social

ence Research (ICSSR) that the formulation reached through macro-level studies are not very meaningful from the viewpoint of policy decisions because such studies lead to sweeping aggregative generalizations. Therefore specific area based studies are expected to give more meaningful and significant information.

is the administrative division in the coastal region of Maharashtra. It has a diverse number of ethnic and religious communities. MAP 3.1 KONKAN REGIONMAP 3.1 KONKAN REGIONMAP 3.1 KONKAN REGIONMAP 3.1 KONKAN REGION

wherein the study would be conducted was an important step in research process. It has also been realized by Social Scientists and emphasized by Indian Council of Social

level studies are not very meaningful from the viewpoint of policy decisions because such studies lead to sweeping

ted to give more

is the administrative division in the coastal region of . It has a diverse number of ethnic and

Konkan is a great area having a huge potential in terms of Industry, Tourism, Fruits and horticulture, Minerals, Fisheries etc. it is very strategically located between Mumbai the commercial capital of India and Goa the great tourism destination. It is lined with a large coastline making it strategically located for any global trade. Being located next to Mumbai, it is already enjoying spill over of Multi crore industries being located in Konkan. Reliance Industries with its petrochemical plant in Patalganaga, Birla’s Sponge iron plant near Dharmatar, Mittal’s Sponge iron plant at Dolvi, IPCL’s petrochmical plant at Nagothane, RCF’s fertilizer plant at Nhava Sheva, Hindustan lever’s detergent plant at Chiplun, JNPT one of the largest Port and growing very fast located at Nhava Sheva, Thane with all the Multinational pharmaceutical industries and large number of medium and small scale industries.

Konkan also has history and culture as old as Lord Parshuram and Shivaji. Konkan has natural beauty with lush green rice fields, mango orchards, Hills, thick forests, large coastline, beaches and Hill stations. Thus place is quite suitable for business tourism as well as short duration tourism (weekend escape), Resort based tourism, Hill station tourism, nature tourism. The KonkanKonkanKonkanKonkan (Marathi: कोकण), also called the Konkan CoastKonkan CoastKonkan CoastKonkan Coast or Karavali, is a rugged section of the western coastline of India from Raigad to Mangalore. The saptasaptasaptasapta----KonkanKonkanKonkanKonkan is a slightly larger region described in the Skanda-purana. Konkan DivisionKonkan DivisionKonkan DivisionKonkan Division is also one of six administrative sub-divisions of the state of Maharashtra, comprising of its costal districts. Residents of Konkan and their descendants are called Konkanis. The name may also refer specifically to the Konkani people, an ethnic group of the region; most of whom speak the Konkani language. The Sanskrit term Konkanastha (क�कणःथक�कणःथक�कणःथक�कणःथ)))), means "Resident of

Konkan". The precise definition of Konkan varies, but most include Maharashtra's districts of Raigad, Mumbai, Thane, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg, the state of Goa, and the Uttar Kannada, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka.

The sapta-Konkan as depicted in Skanda-purana stretches from Maharashtra to Karnataka . This is actually logical since there are a lot of similarities in the food-habits (rice and fish), crops cultivated (rice, mangoes, cashews and jackfruit) and the physique (tall and well-built) of people dwelling in this area.

The Konkan division 3.2 Map of the districts comprising the Konkan division of Maharashtra.

The Konkan division is an administrative subcomprises all the coastal districts of the state.• Area: 30,746 km²

• Population (2001 census): 24,807,357

• Districts: Mumbai, Mumbai Suburba

• Literacy: 81.36%

• Area under irrigation: 4,384.54 km²

History of administrative districts in Konkan Division

The Konkan division is an administrative sub-division of Maharashtra comprises all the coastal districts of the state. tion (2001 census): 24,807,357

Mumbai Suburban, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Thane

Area under irrigation: 4,384.54 km²

History of administrative districts in Konkan Division

division of Maharashtra Thane

There have been changes in the names of Districts and has seen also the addition of newer districts after India gained Independence in 1947 and also after the state of Maharashtra was formed. • In 1961 the Konkan region became a part of the newly formed state of Maharashtra. Prior

to this it was a part of Bombay province which was split to form Gujarat and Maharashtra.

• Creation of the Sindhudurg from the southern areas of the Ratnagiri district.

• The erstwhile Kolaba district was renamed as Raigad.

• A proposal to carve Jhawar district out of Thane District is being considered on account of its high tribal population.

Geography The Sahyadri Mountain range ("Western Ghats") forms the eastern boundary of the Konkan, and the Arabian Sea marks the western boundary. The southern boundary is the Gangavali River. The Mayura River forms the northern boundary. The Gangavali flows in the district of North Canara ("Uttara Kannada") in present-day "Karnataka State"; the cis-Gangavali portion (seen from Bombay) of this district is the southern-most part of the Konkan. The towns of Gokarn, Guhagar, Honavar, and Karwar fall within the Konkan. The exact identity of the Mayura River, the northern limits of the historic Konkan, is indeterminate. Ethnology The Gramit or Gamit tribals of the Maharashtra Konkan (districts of Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Raigad or Alibag or Colaba, Mumbai Urban, Mumbai Suburban and Thane in "Maharashtra State") are among the original settlers in the regionThe Kunkna tribals native to the territories of Maharashtra Konkan, Dadra & Nagar-Haveli, Daman and Cis-Narmada Gujarat,are another tribal community. Villages Villages Villages Villages ---- District & TalukawiseDistrict & TalukawiseDistrict & TalukawiseDistrict & Talukawise Thane DistrictThane DistrictThane DistrictThane District

Bhivandi Dahanu Javhar Kalyan Murbad

Mokhada Palghar Shahapur Thane Talasari

Vasai Wada Ulhasnagar

Raigad DistrictRaigad DistrictRaigad DistrictRaigad District Alibaug Karjat Khalapur Mahad Mangaon

Mhasale Murud Panvel Pen Poladpur

Shrivardhan Sudhagad Uran Roha

Ratnagiri DistrictRatnagiri DistrictRatnagiri DistrictRatnagiri District Chiplun Dapoli Guhagar Khed Mandangad

Rajapur Ratnagiri Lanja Sangameshwar

SindhudurgaSindhudurgaSindhudurgaSindhudurga DistrictDistrictDistrictDistrict Devgad Kankavli Kudal Malvan Savantwadi

Vaibhavwadi Vengurle

3.2 Thane

Thane is a district in northern Maharashtra state in western India. The headquarters of the district is the city of Thane. Other major cities in the district are Navi Mumbai (formerly New Bombay), Kalyan-Dombivli, Mira-Bhayander, Bhiwandi, Ulhasnagar,Ambarnath, Kulgaon-Badlapur, Dahanu, Shahapur, Wada and Vasai-Virar. This is the third-most industrialised district in Maharashtra. The district is situated between 18°42' and 20°20' north latitudes and 72°45' and 73°48' east longitudes. The area of the district is 9558 km². The shape of the district is triangular. The district is bounded by Pune and Ahmadnagar on the east, Nashik on the east and northeast, Valsad District of Gujarat state and Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli on the north. The Arabian Sea forms the western boundary, while it is bounded by Mumbai City District and Mumbai Suburban District on the southwest and Raigad District on the south.

Origin of name The district derived it's name from the city of Thane, which is the district headquarters. The name Thane derived from the ancient name of the same city, Shristhanaka, when it was the capital of the Shilahara kings. 3.2.1 Ancient History of Thane The History of Thane district can be divided into four major periods, The Early Hindu period partly mythic and partly historic, coming down to about AD 1300 and properly called Ancient period; The Muslim period lasting from 1300 to 1660 the Maratha period from 1660 to 1800; and the British period since 1880. The chief interest in the history of

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

The

link

ed

im

Thane district is that, with comparatively few and short breaks, some of its ports, Sopara, Kalyan, Thane or Sanjan, has from preWestern India. From pre-historic times the Thane coast has had relation with land beyond the Indian Ocean. From B.C. 2500 to B.C. 500 there are sign of trade with Egypt, Phoenicia and Babylon; from B.C.250 to A.D. 250 there are dealing with, perhaParthians; from A.D. 250 to A.D. 640 there were Persian alliance and Persian settlements; from A.D. 700 to A.D. 1200 there were Musalman trade relations and Musalman settlements from Arabia and Persia; in 1530 there was part osettlement of British. The Thane district forms part of North Konkan also called Aprant (The western end) later known as Purihistory of Thane coast & incidentally of Apranta belongs to engraving of Ashoka edicts an basalt bouldes at sopara about six milles north of vasai. According to Buddhist writting sopara was a royal seat & great center of commerce during the life line of Gautam Buddha (B.C. 540Shilharas regime Thane city was described as pretty town by the Arab writers. The merchants who carried on the Thane trade were local Hindu, Muslman & Parsi traders. The shilaharas ruled over North Konkan for move than 400 years. They gave liberal patAmbarnath which is still extant testify the architectural & Sculptural skill of the age.

I) DISTRICT PROFILE

Geography

3.3 Map of Thane District

Thane district is that, with comparatively few and short breaks, some of its ports, Sopara, Kalyan, Thane or Sanjan, has from pre-historic times, taken a leading part in the foreign com

historic times the Thane coast has had relation with land beyond the Indian Ocean. From B.C. 2500 to B.C. 500 there are sign of trade with Egypt, Phoenicia and Babylon; from B.C.250 to A.D. 250 there are dealing with, perhaps settlements of, Greeks and Parthians; from A.D. 250 to A.D. 640 there were Persian alliance and Persian settlements; from A.D. 700 to A.D. 1200 there were Musalman trade relations and Musalman settlements from Arabia and Persia; in 1530 there was part of conquest by the Portuguese; and in 1664 the

The Thane district forms part of North Konkan also called Aprant (The western end) later known as Puri-Konkan after its capital Puri. The earliest known fact in the

t & incidentally of Apranta belongs to engraving of Ashoka edicts an basalt bouldes at sopara about six milles north of vasai. According to Buddhist writting sopara was a royal seat & great center of commerce during the life line of Gautam Buddha (B.C. 540Shilharas regime Thane city was described as pretty town by the Arab writers. The merchants who carried on the Thane trade were local Hindu, Muslman & Parsi traders. The shilaharas ruled over North Konkan for move than 400 years. They gave liberal patronage to art & Culture the temple at Ambarnath which is still extant testify the architectural & Sculptural skill of the age.

Thane district is that, with comparatively few and short breaks, some of its ports, Sopara, Kalyan, historic times, taken a leading part in the foreign commerce of

historic times the Thane coast has had relation with land beyond the Indian Ocean. From B.C. 2500 to B.C. 500 there are sign of trade with Egypt, Phoenicia and

ps settlements of, Greeks and Parthians; from A.D. 250 to A.D. 640 there were Persian alliance and Persian settlements; from A.D. 700 to A.D. 1200 there were Musalman trade relations and Musalman settlements from

f conquest by the Portuguese; and in 1664 the The Thane district forms part of North Konkan also called Aprant (The

Konkan after its capital Puri. The earliest known fact in the t & incidentally of Apranta belongs to engraving of Ashoka edicts an basalt

bouldes at sopara about six milles north of vasai. According to Buddhist writting sopara was a royal seat & great center of commerce during the life line of Gautam Buddha (B.C. 540) In Shilharas regime Thane city was described as pretty town by the Arab writers. The merchants who carried on the Thane trade were local Hindu, Muslman & Parsi traders. The shilaharas ruled over

ronage to art & Culture the temple at

The district is the northernmost part of the Konkan lowlands of Maharashtra. It comprises the wide amphitheatre like Ulhas basin on the south and hilly Vaitama valley on the north together with plateaus and the slopes of Sahyadri. From the steep slopes of the Sahyadri in the east, the land falls through a succession of plateaus in the north and centre of the district to the Ulhas valley in the south. These lowlands are separated from the coast by a fairly well-defined narrow ridge of hills that runs north-south to the east of the Thane creek, parallel to the sea keeping a distance of about 6 to 10 km from the shores. A number of isolated hills and spurs also dot the entire district area. Climate There are two distinctly different climates in the district, one on the western coastal plains and the other on the eastern slopes of Sahyadri. The climate on the western coastal plains of Thane, Vasai, Palghar and Dahanu talukas is tropical, very humid and warm. The climate on the plains at the foot of the slopes (Kalyan, Bhiwandi, Vada, Ulhasnagar, Ambarnath and Talasari talukas) and on the eastern slopes of Sahyadri (Murbad, Shahapur, Jawhar, Vikramgad and Mokhada talukas) is comparatively less humid. The temperature variation is also more in the eastern part of the district comparing to the western coastal areas. The district has four distinct seasons in a year. The winter season is from December to February, followed by the summer season from March to June. The southwest monsoon season is from June to September. October and November months constitute the post-monsoon season, which is hot and humid in the coastal areas. In the coastal area, the average daily maximum temperature in summer is 32.9ºC (maximum recorded at Dahanu is 40.6ºC on 19 April 1955 CE) and in winter average mean daily minimum temperature is 16.8ºC (minimum recorded at Dahanu is 8.3ºC on 8 January 1945 CE). But in the interior parts of the district, the average daily minimum temperature is slightly

lower in the winter season and the average daily maximum temperature is higher in the summer season. The average annual rainfall in the district is 2293.4 mm. The rainfall in the district increases from the coastal areas to the interior. The rainfall varies from 1730.5 mm at Mahim on the coast to 2588.7 mm at Shahapur in the interior. The rainfall during the southwest monsoon season, June to September, constitutes about 94% of the annual rainfall. July is the wettest month with a rainfall of about 40% of the annual total. The variation in the annual rainfall from year to year in the district is not large. The highest rainfall recorded in 24 hours at any station in the district was 481.1 mm at Dahanu on 1 September, 1958 CE. Divisions Thane comprises 15 talukas. The talukas are Thane, Kalyan, Murbad, Bhiwandi, Shahapur, Vasai, Ulhasnagar, Ambarnath, Dahanu, Palghar, Talasari, Jawhar, Mokhada, Wada and Vikaramgad. There are 13 Vidhan Sabha constituencies in Thane district. These are, Vasai, Palghar (ST), Thane, Belapur, Ulhasnagar, Ambernath, Kalyan, Murbad, Wada (ST), Bhiwandi, Dahanu (ST), Jawhar (ST) and Shahapur (ST). The 2 Lok Sabha constituencies in this district are Thane and Dahanu (ST). Vasai and Palghar (ST) Vidhan Sabha constituencies are part of Mumbai North Lok Sabha constituency. The Thane district is under proposal to be bifurcated and a separate Jhawar (Tribal) district be carved out of existing Thane district. Demography It had a population of 8,131,849 of which 72.58% were urban as of 2001. Total literacy rate of the district is 80.67% (male 87.06% and female 73.10%)

The southern talukas are the mostly urban areas and hence along with Marathi many other languages like Sindhi, Gujarati and Hindi are spoken. The Marathi is the main language in rural talukas. Western coastal region is mostly populated by Kolis, the northern and the eastern talukas are populated by the Varlis, known for making stark images from red mud on house walls. Economy According to 1991 Census, the total working population in the district was 19,61,704 persons, which is 37.37% of the total population of the district. Out of total working force, 30.75% were engaged in agriculture and allied activities, 1.19% in manufacturing, service and cottage industries and remaining 30.69% in other activities. Out of total working force, the female working force was 22.89% in the district. Agriculture The important kharif crops of the district are rice, vari and nachani (finger millet). The pulses like Urad, moong and kulith are also grown in this season. Rice is the main crop of the district. Rice is grown in all the talukas of the district but mainly in Palghar, Bhiwandi, Murbad, Shahapur, Vada, Vikramgad and Dahanu. Vari and nachani are grown in the hilly areas of the eastern part of the district, namely Jawhar, Murbad, Vikramgad, Shahapur and Mokhada talukas. Wal, chavali and gram are the main rabi crops grown in this district. Dahanu taluka is famous for fruits. Chikoos (sapotas) are grown on a large scale at Gholwad. Chikoo orchards are also found in Palghar and Talasari talukas. Chikoos grown in these areas are sent all over India. Other fruits grown in the district are guavas, mangoes, papayas, grapefruits and coconuts. Vasai and Palghar talukas are famous for different varieties of bananas such as rajeli, tambeli, mutheli and velchi. Seasonal fruits grown in the district such as bor, wild berries and litchis have great demands in the markets of

Mumbai. Vegetables are also grown in the district. Among the vegetables, eggplants are grown on a large scale. There are rose gardens at Dahanu. Industries Thane is the third most industrialised district in the State. There are 1548 large and medium scale and 18,480 small scale industries in the district. The main products of these industries are Drugs, Textiles, Adhesives, Plastics, Rubber, Steel, Pharmaceuticals, Engineering, Fertilizers, Electronics, Chemicals and Iron & Steel. The Thane-Belapur-Kalyan industrial belt is the centre of highly sophisticated modern industries. In Ambarnath, Bhiwandi, Badlapur, Tarapur and Murbad there are nearly 4000 industries which contributes towards the industrialisation of the district. Manufacture of machinery, machine tools and parts except electrical machinery together with the iron and steel industry and metal products are the most important and the biggest group of industries in the district and includes manufacture of Prime movers, Boilers, Refrigerators, Machine Tools, Computing and Accounting machinery, Industrial machinery for food and textile industries, machinery for chemicals, paper and cement industries. Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals including fertilizers, vegetable and animal oils and fats, paints, varnishes and lacquers and other miscellaneous chemical products is another important industry in the district. These industries are mainly concentrated in the Trans-Thane Creek and Belapur Road industrial area. The medium and large industries manufacturing chemicals and chemical products are Pfizer, Lubrizol India Ltd., Polyolefins Industries Ltd., NOCIL, Herdillia Chemicals Ltd., BASF (India) Ltd., Star Chemicals, Indofil Chemicals Ltd., and Phoenix Chemical Works. The chemical industries are also found in other parts of the district like Wagle Industrial Estate, Pokhran Road, Ambarnath and Dombivali. The cotton and non-cotton power looms are mainly located at Bhiwandi, Thane and Kalyan. Traditionally, Bhiwandi is famous for its handlooms. But the deteriorating markets for the handlooms compelled the weavers to replace their handlooms by powerlooms.

Fisheries constitute an important industry in Thane district. It is carried out in sea as well as in creeks and estuaries on the western coast. Marine fishery predominates over inland fishery in the district and provides employment to about 75% of the persons engaged in the fishing industry. Fishing in sea is carried out along the coast stretching over about 110 km. The important fishing centres in the district are Dahanu, Pokharan-Uchheli, Nawapur, Murabe, Satpute, Datiware, Arnala, Vasai and Uran. Food processing industries like grain mill products, Bakery products, Cocoa, Chocolate and Sugar Confectionery, Salt, ice, slaughtering, preparation and preservation of meat, dairy products, canning and preservation of fruits and vegetables, canning, preserving and processing of fish are developed in the district. Raptakos, Brett and Co., Pfizer Ltd., Cadbury Fry (India) Ltd. which produce modified milk food and high protein food are some of the large and medium companies in the district. Wood products like plywood and veneer, wooden boxes, barrels, bamboo, cane baskets, bobbins, industrial fixtures, cork & cork products are also manufactured in the district. The Tarapur Atomic Power Station which has ushered an era of utilisation of nuclear energy for electricity generation is also situated in the district. The finance is being provided by various public sector and private sector Banks and Financial Institutions in the district. Bank of Maharashtra is one of the leading Public Sector Banks of the district, having 60 branches (2000 CE). Transport Thane Municipal Corporation started its own public transport service known as Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) from February 9, 1989. The TMT has a fleet of 289 buses which ply on 45 routes from 2 bus-depots and 8 bus-stands ferrying approximately 2.8 lakhs commuters daily. The Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation also has its own public transport service known as Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT). Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) buses connect Thane city to different parts of the district and also to other districts.

The total railway track length in the district is 345.73 km. spread in western and central part of the district. The Western Railway network passes through Vasai, Palaghar and Dahanu talukas of the district and Central railway network passes through Thane, Kalyan, Ulhasnagar and Shahapur talukas of the district. Western Railway local trains leaving from Churchage railway station go up to Dahanu Road railway station in the district. Central Railway local trains leaving from Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus go up to Kalyan, Ambarnath, Badlapur, Karjat and Kasara. In 1994 CE, a new connection made from Diva Junction to Vasai. This connection joined Central Railway and Western Railway networks and its length is 41.96 km [13]. Konkan Railway network also passes through a part of the district. Local trains have now started plying from Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai to Panvel on this network. Dahanu, Satpati, Mahim. Kalyan, Vasai, and Uttan are the ports on the Arabian Sea coast. Ferry services are available between these ports. Metered Auto Rickshaws ply in Thane, Navi Mumbai, Mira-Bhyander and several other towns. Metered Taxi services are also available in Thane, Navi Mumbai, Mira-Bhayandar and some other towns.

3.3 RIAGAD

3.4 Map of Raigad District

Raigad district Raigad DistrictRaigad DistrictRaigad DistrictRaigad District (Marathia district in the Indianregion. The district was renamed after of the Maratha leader district, on a west-facing spur of the The district had a population of 2,207,929 of which 24.22% were urban as of 2001. The district is bounded by District to the north, south, and the Arabian Sea

Marathi: ), also known as Raigarh DistrictRaigarh DistrictRaigarh DistrictRaigarh DistrictIndian state of Maharashtra. It is located in the region. The district was renamed after Raigad, the fort and former capital leader Shivaji, which is located in the interior forests facing spur of the Western Ghats or Sahyadri range. The district had a population of 2,207,929 of which 24.22% were urban as bounded by Mumbai Harbour to the northwest, to the north, Pune District to the east, Ratnagiri districtArabian Sea to the west. It includes the large natural

Raigarh DistrictRaigarh DistrictRaigarh DistrictRaigarh District, is . It is located in the Konkan , the fort and former capital , which is located in the interior forests of the or Sahyadri range. The district had a population of 2,207,929 of which 24.22% were urban as to the northwest, Thane Ratnagiri district to the to the west. It includes the large natural

harbor of Pen-Mandwa, which is immediately south of Mumbai harbour, and forming a single landform with it. Part of the district is included in the planned metropolis of Navi Mumbai, and its port, the Jawaharlal Nehru Port. The district includes Kashid and Kihim beaches, besides the towns of Khopoli, Khalapur, Uran, Patalganga, Rasayani, Nagothana, Pen. The largest cities include Panvel, Alibag, Karjat, and Mahad. The biggest city both in area and population is Panvel. The district also includes the isle of Gharapuri or Elephanta, located in Uran tehasil which has ancient Hindu and Buddhist caves. Transport Raigad District is connected to Mumbai by Sion-Panvel Highway. The Mumbai-Pune expressway as also NH4 passes through Panvel. NH 17 also terminates here. TheKonkan Railwyline passes through panvel, Roha, Mangaon and veer. The main ports are JNPT, Mandava, Reavas, Murud and Shrivardhan

Geographical Area

Total Area 7,148 Thousand Hectare

Climate & Rainfall

Average Rainfall in District 3884.3 M.M.

Minimum Temperature 16.1 Degree Celsius

Maximum Temperature 40.4 Degree Celsius

Geographical Location

North Latitudes 17.51 to 19.80

East Longitudes 72.51 to 73.40

Population (2001 Census)

Total 22.07 lacs

Male 11.17 lacs

Female 10.90 lacs

Rural 16.73 lacs

Male 8.34 lacs

Female 8.39 lacs

Urban 5.34 lacs

Male 2.83 lacs

Female 2.51 lacs

0-6 Population

Persons 3.1 lacs

Males 1.6 lacs

Females 1.5 lacs

Literacy Rates (%)

Total 77

Male 86.1

Female 67.7

Illiteracy Rates (%)

Total 39.6

Male 30.9

Female 48.5

Scheduled Castes-Proportion (%)

Total 2.4

Male 2.4

Female 2.4

Scheduled Tribes-Proportion (%)

Total 12.2

Male 12.2

Female 12.2

Work Participation Rate (%)

Total 41.4

Male 52.7

Female 29.8

Proportion of Main Workers (%)

Total 30.9

Male 43.3

Female 16.5

Proportion of Marginal Workers (%)

Total 11.3

Male 9.4

Female 13.3

Proportion of Non Workers (%)

Total 58.6

Male 47.3

Female 70.2

Cultivators-Proportion of Total Workers (%)

Total 28.6

Male 21.8

Female 40.9

Agricultural Labourers-Proportion of Total Workers (%)

Total 20.4

Male 13.9

Female 32.1

Workers in Household Industry -Proportion of Total Workers (%)

Total 2.7

Male 2.3

Female 3.2

Workers in other then Household Industry -Proportion of Total Workers (%)

Total 48.4

Male 62.0

Female 23.8

Sex Ratio

Female per 1000 Males 976

Household size 5.0

Administrative Divisions

Revenue Subdivisons Alibag, Panvel, Mangaon, Mahad

Tahasil Offices Alibag, Pen, Murud, Panvel, Uran, Karjat, Khalapur, Mangaon, Roha,Sudhagadh, Tala, Mahad, Mhasala, Shrivardhan, Poladpur

Municipal Councils 11

Panchayat Samities Alibag, Pen, Murud, Panvel, Uran, Karjat, Khalapur, Mangaon, Roha,Sudhagadh, Tala,

Mahad, Mhasala, Shrivardhan, Poladpur

Gram Panchayats 818 Nos.

Villages 1919 Nos.

Transport & Communication

Railway Length 223 Kms.

National Highway Length 213 Kms.

State Highway Length 858 Kms.

Post & Telegraph Offices 516

Industry

Sugar Factories NIL

Spinning Mills 1

Registered Factories 363

Number of Industrial Estates Established 3

Registered Small Scale Units (as on 31-03-93) 2,415 *

No. of Joint Stock Companies (as on 31-03-91) 94

Major Industrial Areas in Raigarh Districts

Name of

the Area Area

Planned

Hac.

Total

Plots

No.

Plots

Alotted

No.

Plots In

Prdn.No. Plots

Under

Const.

No.

Sheds

Built

Up No.

Sheds

Alloted

No.

Roha 244.95 107 105 64 19 - - - - - -

Patalganga and Additional Patalganga

764.04 63 62 50 6 - - - - - -

Mahad 487.00 278 275 96 60 20 16

Additional Mahad

533.62 13 3 - - - 3 - - - - - -

Taloja 907.53 929 873 417 59 225 225

Nagothane 858.25 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - -

Industrial Opportunities:

Industry groups in particular, which have scope for expansion are:

1. Cotton Textiles 2. Food products; 3. Wool, Silk and Synthetic Fibre Textiles; 4. Beverages, Tobacco and Tobacco products; 5. Paper and Paper Products, Printing, Publishing and Allied Products; 6. Chemicals and Chemical Products; 7. Non-Metallic Mineral Products; 8. Basic Metals and Alloy Industries; 9. Rubber, Plastic Petroleum and Coal Products; 10. Metal Products and Parts except Machinery and Transport Equipments; 11. Machinery, Machine Tools and Parts except Electrical Machinery; 12. Electrical Apparatus, Appliances, supplies and Parts; 13. Transport Equipments and Parts; 14. Other manufacturing industries;

15. Electricity; 16. Repair Services; and 17. Water Works and Supply.

Among the specific industries having development potential are fruit processing, vegetable processing, tourism, fisheries, rice mills, rice bran, basic drugs, sugar, gur and Palm gur, Surgical and Medical Products, Solvent Extraction, Pesticides and Fabri- cation units.

Development of Industrial units in MIDC Industrial Areas in the district

No. of Areas:

Major 6

Mini 4

Growth Centre 2

No. of Plots:

Developed 1959

Alloted 1651

Available 308

Industries Set up

No . 825

Investment (Rs. mln) 5526.8

Employment 12767

Incentives

Category of Incentive Talukas eligible

Group A Alibag, Karjat, Khalapur, Panvel, Pen, Uran (with BMR)

Group B Alibag, Khalapur, Panvel, Pen, Roha, Sudhagad (outside BMR)

Group C Karjat, Mahad, Mangaon, Mhasal Murud, Shrivardhan.

Group D+ Polapur.

Fisheries

Coastline 240 Kms.

Production 46,176 Tonnes

Medical Facilities

Hospitals 33

Primary Health Centres 53

Sub Centres 277

Dispensaries 143

Educational Facilities

Primary Schools 2,386

Secondary Schools 177

Higher Secondary Schools 48

Colleges 12

Industrial Technical Instt. 5

Engineering Colleges 1

RATNAGIRI

Ratnagiri is a coastal district of Maharashtra state, situated in the western coast of India. It has north-south length of about 180 km and average east-west extension of about 64 km. Sahyadri hills surround it in the east beyond which there are Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur districts, Raigad district in the north, the Arabian Sea in the west and Sindhudurg district in the south.

3.5 Map of Ratnagiri District

Ratnagiri can be physically divided into 3 zones.Coastal Zone: This zone extends to about 10and about 2500 mm rainfall. Most of the activities in this area are connected with sea. This area contains numerous beaches, creeks, sea forts, harbors, hot water springs, caves, temples and other religious places, places of scenic bepossible tourist activities include inland and sea water ways, sailing, boating, water sports like water scooter, canoeing, fishing, camping, marinas, coastal resorts and marine parks; but the major problem is the lack of easy accessibility and road network.Hill area Zone: This area includes the western slopes of Sahyadri and extends up to about 10km. It generally has medium to high altitude with high rainfall of about 3500 mm. A large area ithis zone is covered by forest although it is deteriorating very fast. A substantial drop in temperature is experienced at places exposed to the rising western breeze. This area contains hill forts, ghat roads, forests, wild life, etc. It gives panoramictourist activities include trekking, hiking, forest camps, holiday resorts, bird sanctuaries, wild life safari, etc. Middle Zone: This area lies between the coastal and hill areas and generally has a medium altitude. It is more accessible due to the Bombay

Ratnagiri can be physically divided into 3 zones. This zone extends to about 10-15 km from seacoast and generally has low altitude

and about 2500 mm rainfall. Most of the activities in this area are connected with sea. This area contains numerous beaches, creeks, sea forts, harbors, hot water springs, caves, temples and other religious places, places of scenic beauty as well as birthplace of some great personalities. The possible tourist activities include inland and sea water ways, sailing, boating, water sports like water scooter, canoeing, fishing, camping, marinas, coastal resorts and marine parks; but the

or problem is the lack of easy accessibility and road network. This area includes the western slopes of Sahyadri and extends up to about 10

km. It generally has medium to high altitude with high rainfall of about 3500 mm. A large area ithis zone is covered by forest although it is deteriorating very fast. A substantial drop in temperature is experienced at places exposed to the rising western breeze. This area contains hill forts, ghat roads, forests, wild life, etc. It gives panoramic views at many places.The possible tourist activities include trekking, hiking, forest camps, holiday resorts, bird sanctuaries, wild life

This area lies between the coastal and hill areas and generally has a medium is more accessible due to the Bombay-Goa-Highway as well as the Konkan railway.

ally has low altitude and about 2500 mm rainfall. Most of the activities in this area are connected with sea. This area contains numerous beaches, creeks, sea forts, harbors, hot water springs, caves, temples and other

auty as well as birthplace of some great personalities. The possible tourist activities include inland and sea water ways, sailing, boating, water sports like water scooter, canoeing, fishing, camping, marinas, coastal resorts and marine parks; but the

This area includes the western slopes of Sahyadri and extends up to about 10-15 km. It generally has medium to high altitude with high rainfall of about 3500 mm. A large area in this zone is covered by forest although it is deteriorating very fast. A substantial drop in temperature is experienced at places exposed to the rising western breeze. This area contains hill

views at many places.The possible tourist activities include trekking, hiking, forest camps, holiday resorts, bird sanctuaries, wild life

This area lies between the coastal and hill areas and generally has a medium Highway as well as the Konkan railway.

However, it contains very few places of tourist interest, mostly religious places and hot water springs.

HISTORY

In 1731 Ratnagiri came under the control of Satara kings; in 1818 it was surrendered to the british. A fort was built during the Bijapur dynasty and strengthened in 1670 by the Maratha king Shivaji, which is located on a headland near the harbour. It is one of the ports of the konkan coast. It has a palace where the last king of Burma, Thibaw and later Veer Savarkar were confined. It is also believed that the Pandavas having performed their pilgrimage on the 13th year had settled in the adjourning territory of the Ratnagiri district and when the Pandavas and the Kauravas had the famous war at Kuruskshetra, the king of this region Veeravat Ray had accompanied them there. Ratnagiri district is located in the southwestern part of Maharashtra State on the Arabian Sea coast. The sorrounding area is bordered by the Sahyadri Hills on the East and Arabian Sea on the West. It forms a part of the greater tract known as Konkan. This region was under the rule of the Mauryas, the Nalas, the Silaharas, the Chalukyas, the Kadambas, the Portuguese, the Marathas and subsequently the British. In 1948 the independent princely state of Sawantwadi was merged with the Indian union and in 1956 with Bombay Province. In 1960 with the creation of Maharashtra, Ratnagiri became a district. In 1981 Ratnagiri district was bifurcated and the new district of Sindhudurg was created. Ratnagiri has nine tahsils ; Mandangad, Dapoli, Khed, Chiplun, Guhagar, Sangameshwar, Ratnagiri, Lanja and Rajapur. Chief rivers in Ratnagiri are the Shastri, Bor, Muchkundi, Kajali. Ratnagiri is the district headquarters. It is the birth place of Lokmanya Tilak and many other eminent personalities. Ratnagiri is noted for the delicious golden Haapus ����� [Alphonso] mangos. The heavy rainfall results into highly eroded landscape in the coastal region. Fertile alluvial valleys produce rice and coconut as the main crops; fruits and cashewnut cultivation is being promoted.

DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

• Over 85% of the land surface in Ratnagiri district is hilly. All rivers in the district originate in the Sahyadri ranges and flow from east to west and merge in Arabian Sea. The important rivers of the district are Vashisthi, Jagabudi Bay and Naringi.

• It has 167 km long sea coast which contains many beaches, pats, and forts. 180 km long Sahyadri hill range, contains hills, hill forts, wild life and many places of scenic beauty. Number of creeks-ideal and safe for water sports, boating, fishing, swimming, camping etc. Few rivers-which are navigable up to about 40 km distance from sea is also a good attraction for water front activities. Natural wonders like hot water springs at few places.

• Hills, sea shores, creeks, rivers, hot water springs, forests, water falls, & religious places attract tourists & pilgrims from great distance.

• Birthplaces of many famous personalities like Lokmanya Tilak, freedom fighters, politicians, poets, authors etc.

• Alphonsa Mangoes [Hapus], Cashewnut, Kokum, Coconut etc. are famous for their quality and taste.

• Vivid cultural activities like folk dances and drama; local arts and crafts. Konkan is famous for its koli dances, the Dashavatari drama etc.

• Characteristic Konkan cuisine, especially non-vegetarian dishes of fish, prawns and seafood are mouth-watering.

MAHARASHTRA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION [MIDC] -

RATNAGIRI

History After the formation of Maharashtra State on May 1, 1960, the Government of Maharashtra constituted a "Board of Industrial Development" (BID) on October 1, 1960, under the

Chairmanship of Shri. S. G. Barve, I.C.S. The various committees recommendations received in the industries department were taken up for implementation and as per the Borkar Committees recommendations; development of Ulhas Valley Water Supply was entrusted to the Board of Industrial Development (BID). The BID framed the legislation and it was introduced before the state legislation and passed in the form of "Maharashtra Industrial Act" which gave birth to MIDC, as a separate corporation on August 1, 1962. The BID were the first personnel strength of MIDC. A small ceremony at Wagle Estate Thane, under the Chairmanship of the Chief Minister Shri Y.B. Chavan, marked the birthday of MIDC on August 1, 1962. The Board of Industrial Development during it's existence between October 1, 1960 to August 1, 1962, has done enough spade work to identify the locations for setting up industrial areas in different parts of the state. Thus, right in the first year of establishment MIDC has come up with 14 industrial areas, to initiate action for infrastructure and help entrepreneurs set up the industrial units in those areas. The key historical policy decisions taken by MIDC certainly changed the social economic scenario of the state as its activities spread in the interior. The important policy decision of setting up "independent filtered /potable water supply system of adequate capacity" as essential infrastructure for industrial development was the most intelligent step taken by MIDC right in the beginning. It stabilized the population base near the industrial areas. The strategically wise decision taken simultaneously to provide water supply to nearby domestic population from the capabilities created by MIDC of their own water supply system resulted in a phenomenal urban growth in the nearby small towns and villages. The growth of Kalyan complex and Pimpri-Chinchwad are results of this key policy decision taken by MIDC.

ACTIVITIES

1) Development of Industrial areas by acquiring land. 2) Preparing layout with suitable grouping of plot of various sizes and allotment of plots on leasehold basis. 3) Construction of roads, drainage system and provision of streetlights in the industrial areas. 4) Planning, implementing and managing water supply schemes. 5) Establishing common Facility centers(CFC) by providing accommodations for bank, post office, telecom facilities, police station, fire station, medical facilities canteen. etc. 6) Establishment of effluent collection and disposal systems for chemical zones 7) Implementing Government/Semi-Government projects. 8) New industrial venture in small, medium or large scale sector 9) Expansion or diversification of the existing industrial unit 10) Shifting of existing industrial unit 11) Service industry Commercial ventures like industrial warehousing, canteen, petrol pump shop. Health service to support the industrial units 12) Industrial housing wherever separate residential zones are development by MIDC.

Advantages

The entrepreneur gets numerous advantages when he takes a plot of land in any of the industrial areas of MIDC. 1)Plot in recognized Industrial Zone with approach road facility. 2)Location in a well laid out industrial neighborhood. 3)Plots of different sizes to meet the requirements of different industries. 4)Reasonable premium rates in the developed areas and subsidized rates in the developing areas with a guarantee of clear title. 5)No separate non-agriculture (N.A.) permission of zoning clearance is necessary. 6)Adequate filtered water supply is assured. 7)MIDC industrial area will not be included within the limit of any Municipal Council or Corporation at least for 25 Years.

Online application for allotment of land

As a part of e-Governance project, MIDC has launched an online application for hassle free customer service. All the existing valued customers and prospective customers of MIDC are requested to please make use of this online application form. The auto generated number may not

be treated as valid till the official launch of this application. MIDC is pleased to entertain the application submitted online through this "Online Application Form".

a. Ratnagiri Mirjole Industrial Area Ratnagiri industrial area is established just 4 km from the main Ratnagiri city. It is situated on the Ratnagiri - Kolhapur National Highway 204. The area is 9 km from Mumbai-Goa national highway 17. This area is well connected by road, rail, air, and also water. Finolex Company and Narmada Cement Company have constructed their own jetty. The airstrip is within the industrial area.

b. Lote Parshuram Industrial Area

Lote-Parshuram industrial area is established on both sides of Mumbai-Goa national highway 17. This area is 12 km from Chiplun taluka (towards Mumbai) and 17 km from Khed taluka (towards Goa) and 115 km. from Ratnagiri district. The famous Parshuram Temple is only 4 km from the industrial area. Lote-Parshuram industrial area is well accessed by road and the Konkan railway. Chiplun railway station is just 7 km away from the industrial area. The area is accessible to Pune, Satara, and Kolhapur via the Kumbharli Ghat. Koyna dam and a hydraulic power station are just 50 km from the area.

c. Kherdi Chiplun Industrial Area Kherdi-Chiplun industrial area is situated on the Chiplun-Karad state highway. The MIDC has acquired and is in possession of 81 hectares of land for this area. The river Washishthi flows in this area. The distances from the area are: Chiplun railway station, 12 km; Karad city of Satara district, 95 km; Ratnagiri district, 105 km; Koyna dam and the hydraulic power station, 40 km.

d. Gane Khadpoli Industrial Area MIDC acquired and is in possession of 92.98 hectares of land for Gane-Khadpoli industrial area, situated four km from the Chiplun-Karad state highway. River Washishthi flows in this area MIDC has constructed an approach road from Chiplun-Karad state highway. Some of the distances from this industrial area are: The Chiplun railway station, 12 km; Karad city of Satara district, 95 km; Ratnagiri district, 105 km; Chiplun taluka, 12 km; Koyna dam and the hydraulic power station, 35 km.

e. Dapoli Mini Industrial Area Dapoli is well connected by roads with most of the major cities in Maharashtra

f. Devrukh (Sadavali) Mini Industrial Area Sangmeshwar Mini Industrial Area is 3 kms away from Sangmeshwar town and 20 km from Mumbai-Goa National Highway 17.

g. Dhabol-I Industrial Area Location Ratnagiri Gas

TOURISM Ratnagiri district offers the most diverse attractions for the tourists. The district is endowed with many tourist assets. The rising hills of Sahyadri on east and the depths of Arabian sea on the west contribute to the unparallel beauty of Ratnagiri. Ratnagiri is blessed with hills, sea shores, creeks, beautiful rivers, hot water springs, forests and water falls among many others. Several Places to Visit:

• Places of worship : Ganapatipule, Velneshwar, Marleshwar, Hedvi, Hatis, Parshuram [Chiplun], Rajapur

• Caves: Panhalekazi, Sangameshwar

• Palace: Thibaw Palace [Ratnagiri]

• Sea Shores: Kelshi, Murud, Guhaghar, Palshet, Ganpatipule, Velneshwar

• Beaches: Mandovi [Gateway of Ratnagiri], Bhatye, Guhagar, Anjarla, Ganapatipule

• Birth Places of eminent personalities: Ratnagiri, Malgund, Dapoli, Palgad

• Forts: Bankot, Mandangad, Ambolgad, Jaigad, Ratnadurg, Mahipatgad

• Sea Forts: Ratnadurg, Harne, Purnagad, Jaigad

• Bird Sanctuaries: Vanadi valley, Anaskura Ghat

• Exotic forests: Pat Panhale, Bavnadi valley

• Timeless Landscapes: Goval, Hatlot Ghat, Tivare Ghat, Amba

• Hill and Hill Ranges: Sahyadrian Ranges

• Rivers: Jagbudi, Vashisti, Kasavi

• Irrigation Projects: Natuwadi, Nandivali, Kolkewadi

• Water Falls: Parshuram, Prachitgad, Marleshwar

• Hot water Spring : Unhavare, Aravali, Tural, Rajapur

SINDHUDURG

Brief HistoBrief HistoBrief HistoBrief History of Sindhudurg Districtry of Sindhudurg Districtry of Sindhudurg Districtry of Sindhudurg DistrictSindhudurg district is the southern part of the greater tract known as the 'Konkan' which is historically famous for its long coast line and safe harbors. Sindhudurg district was earlier a part of the Ratnagiri district. For administrative convenience and industrial and agricultural development Ratnagiri district was divided into Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg with effect from 1st May, 1981. Sindhudurg district now comprises of eight tahsils of Sawantwadi, Kudal, Vengurla, Malvan, Devgad

Timeless Landscapes: Goval, Hatlot Ghat, Tivare Ghat, Amba

Hill and Hill Ranges: Sahyadrian Ranges

Rivers: Jagbudi, Vashisti, Kasavi

Irrigation Projects: Natuwadi, Nandivali, Kolkewadi

Water Falls: Parshuram, Prachitgad, Marleshwar

Hot water Spring : Unhavare, Aravali, Tural, Rajapur

ry of Sindhudurg Districtry of Sindhudurg Districtry of Sindhudurg Districtry of Sindhudurg District Sindhudurg district is the southern part of the greater tract known as the 'Konkan' which is historically famous for its long coast line and safe harbors. Sindhudurg district was earlier a part of the Ratnagiri district. For istrative convenience and industrial and agricultural development Ratnagiri district was divided into Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg with effect May, 1981. Sindhudurg district now comprises of eight tahsils of Sawantwadi, Kudal, Vengurla, Malvan, Devgad, Kankavli, Vaibhavwadi

Sindhudurg district is the southern part of the greater tract known as the 'Konkan' which is historically famous for its long coast line and safe harbors. Sindhudurg district was earlier a part of the Ratnagiri district. For istrative convenience and industrial and agricultural development Ratnagiri district was divided into Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg with effect May, 1981. Sindhudurg district now comprises of eight tahsils of , Kankavli, Vaibhavwadi

and Dodamarg. The word 'Konkan' is of Indian origin and of considerable antiquity, though the origin of the name has never been sufficiently explained. The seven kingdoms of the Konkan of Hindu mythology are mentioned in the 'Hindu History of Kashmir' and are said to have included nearly the whole west coast of India. The Pandavas, are said to have passed through this region in the 13 th year of their exile and had settled in this area for some time. The Raja of this region Veerat Ray had accompanied them in the famous war at Kurukshetra with the Kauravas. In the second century A.D. The great empire of Mauryas annexed the entire Konkan coast. In the middle of the sixth century, kings of the Maurya and Nala dynasties appear to have been ruling in the Konkan. The district of Ratnagiri was under the Silahars and the capital of their kingdom was probably Goa and later it may have been transferred to a more central place in the vicinity of Ratnagiri or Kharepatan. Chandrapur was one of the most ancient towns in Konkan, probably founded by Chandraditya a son of the Chalukya king Pulakeshin II. The 16th century saw the advent and rise of Portuguese power on the west coast of India and Sindhudurg was no exception. The sultan lost hold on the district in 1675 with the rise of Shivaji leading finally into the hands of Marathas. Marathas continued to the district till 1817 i.e. when the struggle between the British and the Peshvas came to an end and the whole of Konkan was transferred to the British. In 1819 South Konkan was formed as separate district with its headquarters first at Bankot and later at Ratnagiri . Three northern subdivisions were transferred to Thane District in 1830 and the district was reduced to a sub-collectorate level under Thane district. In 1832, it was again made a full-fledged district and named as Ratnagiri district. In the year 1945, a new mahal (tahsil) called Kankavli Mahal (tahcil) was formed. The former Indian state of Sawantwadi was merged with the district and the taluka boundaries were reorganized in the year 1949. In the same year the new taluka of the

Sawantwadi was created and two new mahals namely Kudal and Lanja were formed. With the reorganization of the states in 1956, the district was included in the Bombay state and since 1960; it forms a part of Maharashtra. The name of the district has been adopted form the famous sea fort of Sindhudurg. This was built by Shivaji Maharaj near Malwan and it literally means 'Sea Fort'. Its construction started on November 25, 1664 and after 3 years it was completed in such a fashion that it could not be seen easily by the enemy coming from the Arabian Sea. District ProfileDistrict ProfileDistrict ProfileDistrict Profile Sindhudurg district is spread over an area of around 5,207 sq.kms. The population of the District is 8, 68,825 as per census of 2001. The modern township of Sindhudurg Nagari is the headquarters of Sindhudurg district. The district is surrounded by the Arabian Sea on the east, the Belgaum District (Karnataka state) and Goa on the South and the Ratnagiri district on the North. Sindhudurg being a coastal district, the climate is generally moist and humid and the temperature variations during the day and throughout the seasons are not large. Sindhudurg is accessible by road on the NH-17 which passes through major towns of Kankavli, Kudal and Sawantwadi or by the picturesque journey on the Konkan Railway which stops at Kankavli, Sindhudurg, Kudal and Sawantwadi. The nearest airports are at Ratnagiri, Belgaum (Karnataka) and Dabolim (Goa). Sindhudurg district is situated between Latitudes 15.37 and 16.40 North, and longitudes 73.19 and 74.18 East. It is boarded by the Arabian Sea on the West and Sahyadri hill ranges to the East with a total area of 5,207 sq.km. Sindhudurg is in the Kokan area of Maharastra having picturesque stretch of land on the west cost of India, endowed with the beautiful seashore, picturesque Mountains and scenic natural beauty and known for tropical fruit like the world famous Alphonso mangoes, cashews, Jamuns etc. National Highway 17 passes through this area. With 7 railway stations, a 103 Km stretch of Konkan Railway line

passes through this district. It has good road and rail links with Goa and Bombay. District Statistics in Brief

Geographical Details

North Latitudes 15.37 to 16.40

East Longitude 73.19 to 74.18

Geographical Area 5207 Sq.Kilometer.

Climate : Min.Temp 16.3 Celsius

Max.Temp 33.8 Celsius

Rainfall : 3,287mm ( Average )

The average rainfall is very high but almost all the rainwater causes surface run off, due to undulating topography and lack of any water impounding major and medium structures.

Important Rivers in Sindhudurg District 1) Terekhol 2) Gad 3) Devgad 4) Karli 5) Vaghotan

Statistical Details Population 8,68,825

Male 4,17,890

Female 4,50,935

Literacy 80.30%

Male 90.30%

Female 71.20%

Density 167 Per Sq.Km.

Sex Ratio 1079 ( For 1000 Male)

The area is largely rural populated with 91% of rural population of the total population of 868825.

Tahasil's -( 8 ) 1. Dodamarg 2.Sawantwadi 3.Vengurla 4.Kudal 5. Malvan 6.Kankavli 7.Devgad 8.Vaibhavwadi

Panchayat Samiti (8) 1. Dodamarg 2.Sawantwadi 3.Vengurla 4.Kudal 5. Malvan 6.Kankavli 7.Devgad 8.Vaibhavwadi

Nagar Palika (4) 1.Vengurla 2.Sawantwadi 3.Malvan 4.Kankavli

Gram Panchayat 433

Tot. Villages 743

No. of Towns 5

Police Station 9

Police outpost 23

Agriculture Details Major Crops Rice, Coconut, kokam, Mango, Cashew

Annual Crop kokam, Mango, Cashew

Irrigated 33,910 Hector

Non-Irrigated. 1,04,390 Hector

Forest 38,643 Hector

74% of total land holding in the district, are held by small and marginal farmers.

The irrigated area is only 23.48% through well and small channels.

Irrigation Major Projects 2 (Tilari & Talamba)

Medium Projects 4

Small Projects State owned : 33, Z.P. owned : 460

Co-Operative Sector Total Co-op.Societies 971

Members in Co-op.Soc. 3,82,000

Industrial Sector Reg.Small scale Ind. 718 (Permanent), 2778 (Provisional)

Co-op.Ind.Estate 2

Power Sector Pump Sets(electrified) 13,966

Bio gas 571

Villages Electrified 741

Public Health General Hospital 1

Sub District Hospital 3

Rural Hospital 7

Primary Health Center 38

Pry Health Sub Center 246

Z.P.Dispensaries 10

Transport & Communication Total Railway track 103 KM.

Villages Connected by roads 743

Total Road Length 4640 KM

National Highway 108 KM

State Highway 668 KM

Dist. Roads 1473 KM

Village Raods 2391

Railway stations- (7) Vaibhavwadi, Nandagav, Kankavli, Sindhudurgnagari, Kudal, Sawantwadi, Madura

Education Section Primary Schools Zilla Parishad - 1469 ,Private - 49

Secondary Schools Grantable : 184 ,Central Govt. : 1 ,Private : 22

Junior Colleges 43

Senior Colleges 7

D.Ed./ B.Ed Colleges 4 + 1

Medical Colleges 2

Engineering Colleges 1

Polytechnic Colleges 1

Industrial Training Institutes (ITI)- (7)

1.Sawntwadi 2.Malvan 3.Deogad 4.Sindhudurgnagari 5.Vengurla 6.Phondaghat 7.Vaibhavwadi

Banking Sector Nationalised Banks 66 Branches

Cooperative Banks 106 Branches

Rural Banks 15 Branches

Fisheries Sea Coast Length 121 KM

Fishing Area 16000 Sq.KM.

Main Fisheries Centers - (8) Vijaydurg, Devgad, Achara, Malvan, Sarjekot, Kochara, Vengurla, Shiroda

Fisherman Population 25365

Total Fish Production 19273 M. Tons

Fisheries Co.Op. Soc. 34 (Total Members 14216)

Industrial Opportunities:Industrial Opportunities:Industrial Opportunities:Industrial Opportunities: The district has good horticulture potential and therefore, hort- iculture-based industries have excellent prospects in the district. Specific industries having good scope for development are fruit canning, fruit processing,fisheries, fish preservation, cold storage, rice mills, starch, feed-stock, paper and hard boards, bakeries, rubber products, sago, processing of spices, paints and varnishes, decorticating of cashew seeds,cashew kernel oil, potato seeds, fish meal, saw mills, Mangalore tiles, country craft building, coir, palm gur, nira, arecanut powder, refractor- ies, glass slag and tourism.