chapter three
DESCRIPTION
Chapter Three. Linux Installation and Usage. Objectives. Install Linux Red Hat 7.2 using good practices Outline the structure of the Linux interface Enter basic shell commands and find command documentation Properly shut down the Linux operating system. Installing Linux. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification
Chapter Three
Linux Installation and Usage
ObjectivesObjectives
• Install Linux Red Hat 7.2 using good practices
• Outline the structure of the Linux interface
• Enter basic shell commands and find command documentation
• Properly shut down the Linux operating system
Installing LinuxInstalling Linux
• Installation methods– Installation from an FTP server across the
network– Installation from an HTTP Web server across the
network– Installation from an NFS server across the
network– Installation from packages located on the hard
disk
Creating Boot DisksCreating Boot Disks
• Boot disk– Bootable floppy disk that can be used to start a
Linux system or initiate a Linux installation
• Rawrite– Windows utility that can be used to create
installation boot disks
Creating Boot DisksCreating Boot Disks
• boot.img– Used to create a floppy disk for a CD-ROM or
hard disk installation
• bootnet.img– Used to create a floppy disk for an installation
from a server across the network
• pcmcia.img– Used to create a floppy disk for an installation on
portable laptop computers
Starting the InstallationStarting the Installation
Figure 3-1: Beginning a Red Hat installation
Starting the InstallationStarting the Installation
• By far, the largest problem during installation is initiating a graphical installation
• Framebuffers– Abstract representations of video adapter card
hardware that programs may use instead of directly communicating with the video adapter card hardware
Choosing the Language, Choosing the Language, Keyboard, and MouseKeyboard, and Mouse
Figure 3-2: Selecting an installation language
Choosing the Language, Choosing the Language, Keyboard, and MouseKeyboard, and Mouse
Figure 3-3: Verifying keyboard configuration
Choosing the Language, Choosing the Language, Keyboard, and MouseKeyboard, and Mouse
Figure 3-4: Verifying mouse configuration
Choosing the Language, Choosing the Language, Keyboard, and MouseKeyboard, and Mouse
Figure 3-5: Welcome screen
Providing Installation OptionsProviding Installation Options
Figure 3-6: Choosing installation options
Partitioning the Hard DiskPartitioning the Hard Disk
Figure 3-7: Choosing a partitioning method
Partitioning the Hard DiskPartitioning the Hard Disk
• Virtual memory– Also known as swap memory– Consists of an area on the hard disk that can be
used to store information that would normally reside in physical memory, if the physical memory is being used excessively
Partitioning the Hard DiskPartitioning the Hard Disk
Table 3-1: Common Linux filesystems and sizes
Partitioning the Hard DiskPartitioning the Hard Disk
• Each of the filesystems described in Table 3-1 may be of different types– The most common types used today are:
• Ext2
• Ext3
• Vfat
• REISER
Partitioning the Hard DiskPartitioning the Hard Disk
• Journaling filesystem– Keeps track of the information written to the hard
drive in a journal
• Disk Druid– Easy-to-use graphical partitioning program– Using Disk Druid, you can delete existing
partitions, create and edit new ones, or even create a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)
Partitioning the Hard DiskPartitioning the Hard Disk
Figure 3-8: Disk Druid
Partitioning the Hard DiskPartitioning the Hard Disk
Figure 3-9: Adding a partition
Partitioning the Hard DiskPartitioning the Hard Disk
Figure 3-10: Formatting partitions
Partitioning the Hard DiskPartitioning the Hard Disk
Figure 3-11: The fdisk utility
Configuring the Boot LoaderConfiguring the Boot Loader
• Boot loader– Program started by the BIOS ROM after POST, which
loads the Linux kernel into memory from a hard disk partition inside the computer but can also boot other operating systems if they exist on the hard drive
• There are two available boot loaders that one may choose during the Red Hat Linux installation:– LInux LOader (LILO)
– GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)
Configuring the Boot LoaderConfiguring the Boot Loader
• Large Block Addressing 32-bit (LBA32)– Parameter that may be specified that enables
Large Block Addressing in a boot loader– Required only if a large hard disk that is not fully
supported by the system BIOS is used
Configuring the Boot LoaderConfiguring the Boot Loader
Figure 3-12: Configuring the boot loader
Configuring the Network and Configuring the Network and FirewallFirewall
Figure 3-13: Configuring the network
Configuring the Network and Configuring the Network and FirewallFirewall
Figure 3-14: Configuring a firewall
Choosing a System Language and Choosing a System Language and Time ZoneTime Zone
Figure 3-15: Configuring a language support
Choosing a System Language and Choosing a System Language and Time ZoneTime Zone
Figure 3-16: Selecting a time zone
Creating User Accounts and Creating User Accounts and Configuring AuthenticationConfiguring Authentication
Figure 3-17: Configuring the root password
Creating User Accounts and Creating User Accounts and Configuring AuthenticationConfiguring Authentication
Figure 3-18: Configuring a regular user account
Creating User Accounts and Creating User Accounts and Configuring AuthenticationConfiguring Authentication
Figure 3-19: Configuring the type of authentication
Selecting PackagesSelecting Packages
Figure 3-20: Selecting packages to install
Selecting PackagesSelecting Packages
Figure 3-21: Refining individual package selection
Configuring the Video HardwareConfiguring the Video Hardware
Figure 3-22: Verifying video hardware
Installing Packages and Creating Installing Packages and Creating Boot DisksBoot Disks
Figure 3-23: Copying packages to the hard disk
Installing Packages and Creating Installing Packages and Creating Boot DisksBoot Disks
Figure 3-24: Creating a boot disk
Selecting Monitor and X Windows Selecting Monitor and X Windows SettingsSettings
Figure 3-25: Choosing a monitor
Selecting Monitor and X Windows Selecting Monitor and X Windows SettingsSettings
Figure 3-26: Configuring X Windows
Selecting Monitor and X Windows Selecting Monitor and X Windows SettingsSettings
Figure 3-27: Completing the installation
Shells, Terminals, and the KernelShells, Terminals, and the Kernel
• Terminal– Channel that allows a certain user to log in and
communicate with the kernel via a user interface
• Shell– User interface that accepts input from the user and
passes the input to the kernel for processing
– Shell used by default in Linux is the BASH Shell (Bourne Again Shell)
Shells, Terminals, and the KernelShells, Terminals, and the Kernel
Figure 3-28: Shells, terminals, and the kernel
Shells, Terminals, and the KernelShells, Terminals, and the Kernel
Figure 3-29: The gdm (GNOME Display Manager)
Shells, Terminals, and the KernelShells, Terminals, and the Kernel
Table 3-2: Common Linux terminals
Shells, Terminals, and the KernelShells, Terminals, and the Kernel
Figure 3-30: A GNOME terminal
Shells, Terminals, and the KernelShells, Terminals, and the Kernel
Figure 3-31: A KDE terminal
Basic Shell CommandsBasic Shell Commands
• Commands– Indicate name of the program to execute and are case
sensitive
• Options– Specific letters starting with a dash “-” and appearing
after command name to alter way the command works
• Arguments– Specify the parameters that the command works upon,
which are not predetermined by the person who developed the command
Basic Shell CommandsBasic Shell Commands
Table 3-3: Some Common Linux commands
Shell MetacharactersShell Metacharacters
• Metacharacters– Key combinations that have special meaning in
the Linux OS– One of the most commonly used metacharacters
is the $ character
Shell MetacharactersShell Metacharacters
Table 3-4: Common BASH Shell metacharacters
Getting Command HelpGetting Command Help
• Most distributions of Linux contain more than 1000 different Linux commands in common configurations
• Manual pages– Commonly referred to as man pages– The most common set of local command syntax
documentation, available by typing the man command-line utility
Getting Command HelpGetting Command Help
Table 3-5: Manual page section numbers
Getting Command HelpGetting Command Help
• Info pages– Set of local, easy-to-read command syntax
documentation available by typing the info command-line utility
• Today, both the info pages and the manual pages are used to find documentation because manual pages have been used to find documentation in Linux since its inception
Shutting Down the Linux SystemShutting Down the Linux System
Table 3-6: Commands to halt and reboot the Linux operating system
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
• Most software information can be specified at the time of installation– However, the network configuration and package
selection should be carefully planned before installation
• CD-ROM-based installation is the easiest, most common method for installing Linux and seldom requires the creation of an installation boot disk
Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
• A typical Linux installation prompts the user for information such as language, boot loader, hard disk partitions, network configuration, firewall configuration, time zone, user accounts, authentication, and package selection
• Users must log into a terminal and receive a shell before being able to interact with the Linux system and kernel
• Regardless of the type of terminal that you use, you are able to enter commands, options, and arguments at a shell prompt to perform system tasks, obtain help, or shut down the Linux system