Chapter Twenty

Commonwealth and Empire, 1870–1900

Part One:

Introduction

Chapter Focus Questions What characterized the growth of federal and state governments and the consolidation of the modern two-party system?How did mass protest movements develop?What was the economic and political crisis of the 1890s? How did the United States develop as a world power?What were the causes and outcomes of the Spanish-American War?

Part Two:

American Communities

The Cooperative Commonwealth Looking Backward

People enjoyed short workdays, long vacations, and retired at age 45.

The Point Loma community.

Part Three:

Toward a National Governing Class

The Growth of Government

Government grows.Government changes.Taxes increased.

The Machinery of Politics

Departmental bureaucracy.Legislatures’ power. Political adaptationSpoils system

The Spoils System and Civil Service Reform

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act Circuit Court of Appeals Act of 1891.

Part Four:

Farmers and Workers Organize Their Communities

The Grange

Farmers, workers movements.The Grange.“Thieves in the night.”

The Farmers’ Alliance National Farmers Alliance and Industrial UnionNorthern Plains farmer organizations .Railroad influence. A major power.

Workers Search for Power “Great Uprising” Stronger unions. Henry George.Labor parties.Map: Strikes by State 1880

Women Build Alliances Women, labor, agrarian protest. The Knights. Grange and Alliances. Frances E. Willard.

Populism and the People’s Party

People’s Party. People’s Party platformPopulists.

Part Five:

The Crisis of the 1890s

The Depression of 1893

Major depression. Full recovery-- early 1900s. Jacob Coxey.

Strikes: Coeur d’Alene, Homestead, and Pullman

Strikes.Idaho violenceHomestead steel plant. Pullman, Illinois:

The Social Gospel

“Social gospel”. “What would Jesus do?” Catholic Church.Immigrant Catholic s. YWCA.

The Free Silver Issue

Grover Cleveland. Currency issues.Money debate.

Populism's Last Campaign

Populists. Silver advocates. Strong gains 1894. Fusion ticket.William McKinley.

The Election of 1896

Map: Election of 1896Bryan winsPopulists disappeared.Democrats minority party. McKinley pro-business, expansionist . Prosperity=Republican control.

Part Six:

The Age of Segregation

Nativism and Jim Crow

Chart: African American Representation in CongressRacism and nativism.Nativists. White supremacy.Reformers accepted segregation.

FIGURE 20.1 African American Representation in Congress, 1867–1900 Black men served in the U.S. Congress from 1870 until 1900. All were Republicans.

Mob Violence and Lynching

Racial violence..Lynchings.Ida B. Wells.

Part Seven:

“Imperialism of Righteousness”

The White Man’s Burden

New markets.New frontiers.Chicago World’s Fair:“White Man’s Burden.”Josiah Strong.

Foreign Missions

MissionaryMissionaries.

An Overseas Empire

Map: “An American Domain”Expansion. Seward. Economic control.Navy.

Hawaii

Hawaii.Asian markets. Open Door.

Part Eight:

The Spanish-American War

The United States and Cuba

Cuba independence.Cuban revolutionaries.USS Maine.

A “Splendid Little War” in Cuba

Map: The Spanish-American War“A splendid little war.” Platt Amendment.Annexation.

War in the Philippines

Philipines.Rebellion. 1 in 5 die.

Critics of Empire

Anti-Imperialist LeagueDemocracy, racism.Aggressive nationalism.