Chapter 2, Section 2

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The Reality of the H 2 the IS 0!

No freshwater, no saltwater = no life

Water supports plants, animals

Helps distribute heat on earth

Oceans and Seas

Salt water covers 71 % of planet

(60 % of Northern Hemisphere, 81% of Southern Hemisphere)

Atlantic, PACIFIC, Indian, Arctic

Ocean Motion Salt water circulates through 3 basic

motions:1) Currents - act like rivers flowing through

ocean2) Waves - ridges produced by winds3) Tides - rises and falls of the ocean created

by gravitational pull of moon or the sun

Oceans help distribute heat on the planet; winds blow over ocean and are either heated or cooled by water, then blow over land, which moderate temperature of air over the land

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

Hydrologic cycle: what happens?1) Water evaporates into the atmosphere from

oceans, bodies of water, and plants (the water exists in atmosphere as vapor)

2) Vapor cools, condenses, and falls to earth as precipitation, rain, or snow

3) Water soaks into the ground, evaporates to the atmosphere, or flows into rivers to be recycled

Lakes, Rivers, and StreamsLakes = 95% of all earth’s fresh water supplyLargest --Lake Baikal in Russia (totaling 18% of

all freshwater on earth)Freshwater lakes are result of glacial action

thousands of years agoSaltwater lakes result from changes in earth’s

surface that cut off outlets to the sea - form when creeks and rivers carry salts, but no outlet

Largest salt lake: Caspian sea --Western Asia

Un poco mas…Drainage basin: an area drained by a

major river and its tributariesGround water: water held in the pores of

rocksWater table: level at which the rock is

saturated - can rise or fall depending on amount of water pumped out of ground

Activity: IDENTIFY THIS and THAT

Now, turn your book to page 34 and 35. Mr. Philen is going to show you a variety of pictures of landforms, identify them…

What landforms exist in Senegal? In Africa?How could we draw a landform map for

Senegal? What elements would we include?

Continental LandformsRelief: difference in elevation of a landform

from its lowest point to its highest pointFour categories: mountains, hills, plains,

plateaus

Continental Landforms you need to know

Volcano -mountainStrait -valleyIsland -glacierCape/peninsula -cataractBay -canyonSwamp -cliffFlood/plain -plateauMarsh -mesaOasis -prairieSteppe

Oceanic LandformsThere are landforms similar to the land on

the sea floorContinental shelf - earth’s surface from

edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean

Ocean floor contains ridges, valleys, canyons, plains

Longest: Mid-Atlantic RidgeIslands can form from volcanic action

Questions for thought1) How do the winds and the ocean distribute

heat on the earth’s surface?2) Why is water such a valuable renewable

resource?3) Describe what happens with the

hydrologic cycle.