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Page 1: Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 1 Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development gendered

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Chapter Two:Chapter Two:

Theoretical Approaches to Theoretical Approaches to

Gender DevelopmentGender Development

gendered lives

Page 2: Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 1 Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development gendered

“There is nothing so practical as good theory.”

~ Kurt Lewin

Copyright © 2004 Wadsworth

Page 3: Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 1 Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development gendered

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

What is a Theory?

• A Way to Describe, Explain, and Predict

Relationships Among Phenomena

• We All Use Theories to Explain What

Happens Around Us

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

What Theories Are Relevant?

• Theories of Gender Development in

Women and Men

Biological

Interpersonal

Cultural

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Biological Theories of Gender

An initial attempt at explaining gender that focuses on biological characteristics that differentiate men and women.

An initial attempt at explaining gender that focuses on biological characteristics that differentiate men and women.

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Biological Theories of Gender

• Chromosomal - The X and the Y

• Genes for Intelligence on X

• Genes for Social Skills on X

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Biological Theories of Gender

• Chromosomal

• Hormonal Influences

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Biological Theories of Gender

• Testosterone the Primary Male Hormone

Has a Hormonal Cycle

Linked to Violence, Aggression, and Changes in

Cognitive Functioning

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Biological Theories of Gender

• Estrogen the Primary Female Hormone

Positive Influence on Cardiovascular Functioning

Strengthens the Immune System

Creates Greater Deposits of Fat Around the Hips

and Breasts

Slows Liver Processing of Alcohol

Page 10: Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 1 Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development gendered

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Biological Theories of Gender

• Chromosomal

• Hormonal Influences

• Brain Structure and Development

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 WadsworthCorpus Callosum

mainmainlanguagelanguage

centercenter

analytic analytic thoughtthought

sequentialsequentialinformationinformationprocessingprocessing

mathematicalmathematicalabilitiesabilities

spatialspatialrecognition recognition

holisticholisticthoughtthought

nonverbal nonverbal processingprocessing

musicalmusicalabilityability

Men and Women Use Both Lobes of the Brain, However. . .

Men generally have greater development of the left lobe.

Women tend to specialize in the right lobe.

Women seem to have greater ability to use this muscle and switch from one side of the brain to the other.

Corpus callosum is composed of nerves and tissues that link the lobes of the brain.

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Interpersonal Theory of Gender Development

• Psychodynamic Theory

• Relationships Within the Family

• Role Modeling and Gender Identity

• Mothers and Daughters/Sons

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Interpersonal Theory of Gender Development

• Psychological Theory

• Social Learning Theory

• Observation and Experimentation

• Imitation

• Role Modeling of Parents and Others

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Interpersonal Theory of Gender Development

• Cognitive Development Theory

• Age 3 - Gender Constancy

• Children Play Active Role

• Motivated by Internal Desire

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Cultural Theories of Gender

• Anthropology - Examples from Afar

• Symbolic Interactionism - G.H. Mead

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Cultural Theories of Gender

• Roles for Women and Men

• Role is Set of Expected Behaviors

• Value Associated with Roles

• Gender Roles

• Internalization of Roles

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

Cultural Theories of Gender

• Standpoint Theory

• Social World Consists of Positions and

Hierarchies

• Gender Influences Positions and Hierarchies

• All Perspectives on Social Life are Limited,

Some More than Others

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

View the following video clip and discuss it based on the material in this chapter.

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Chapter Two: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth

gendered lives