CHAPTER V

BIIANU'S ERUDI TIONS

; wit,? of T i e f a c t t h a t we f i n J some lacunae and

shortclm1ng.s In t h e connentary s t i l l t h e i ~ p o r t s n c e of

t h i s f o r th? u n d e r s t ~ n d i n g of ~ d ~ m b a r z cannot be under-

e s t i v a t e d . Several granmatical n i s t a k e s have been po in ted

out by t h e e d i t o r and 3hanuchandr does n o t seeq t o be

very much > a r t i c u l a r and conversant w i t i grammar. S t i l l

sometimes he t r i e s t o show some grammatical ex7lanation.s

throughout h i s conmentary. We h e r e g i v e n few e x t r a c t i o n s

on t i i s p ? i n t , f ron h i s covmentrrry:

. rZa? 3 u r ~ bhav: antapurik? - bhavbrthe t k k , ~ . 1 1 , 1 . 1 7 ;

a k a t h l t s n i tyanena bhiktan it1 d v i t i y ~ o. 45, 1. 11;

aoatam p a t l r p a t q n e i tyasya 1un"ui nipam, o. 71, 1 .6 . - __.- a- dSrdhy_a m6tra v ivak tay i na p m v a t bhava

nisedhah 7 . 10, 1. 12; I

Hst? viShEgbnKm digvibhPgEnHm a t r a k a r m v i - s a s t h i , p. b5, 1. 7 ; .-. . - upam-d &Ere iti kyac pwtyayena Itmanepadam, o.38,1.11.,

utsava; sactustikFryam tadeva apaLnam evn auSnaka;n, -- - s v i r t h e k-+, 7. 69, 1. 21.

k&najalakini - jalanyeva jf lakHni

s v g r t h e kao, p. 17, 1.1.

kusumair i t y a t r a kflybsiddhyupakZrakatvena

k a m e t'~&- . p . 48, 1. 19. . - - k m E p r a t i y a t n e ' k s a a?= s~?:@" p. 9, 1. 22. -.. thmbulr ndgnva l l i SG c h a u l a t P c e t i

kawadhhrayah, p. 40, 1.3.

d _ F h u f t S y H yan nipidanam a t m da'ehya m-tra

vivakfayZ na pumvat bhzva nisedh?, p. 10, 1. 12.

-a pratyaya anuia'sana & catuthyarthe

?*-, 0. 55, 1. 6 .

pu'miaitam yasmlt fti bahubrIhf tasmht na sarv&ditvan

p . 54, 1. 4 .

Bhhsvat - b h o ~ a n t i t i nz pratyayiinta.

tasmin spas t5 bha' k h t i r yasya t a t h f tasmin

bha'smani sr?sIirya, p. 58, 1. 9.

~ h t u h smarsti iti vat hem&-tasyeti s a s th i , p.k65,1.7. -. - - - - .- -. .- y a t p i t a r i ta ' te, bhra'tari sahodare, s u h p i mi t re ,

bhar tar i pS?anabthe voparats b h p e s a t 1 pnk-9

porityajyante uarimucyanta iti karma ka r tmk t l ? tasyi

lgak-anam- - ' ya t ra kamaiva kartftvam yya' tiriS tu

nocyate sukaralh sWrgunaifgog6t karma k a r t e t i

tedvid?' &l P. 3b49 11. 9-11 - Bhanuchandra tho~ough ly acquainted and ?onverclant

with the works of laxicogra~hy. In h i s commen+sry he has /

u t i l i s e d and r':ferred to a s many aa th i r teen m. The /

most fr2quent and coamon occurrence amongst the koaas are : Aneka'rtha Samaraha, AbhidhEna C in tLa~? i , ~marakoia

0 /

and Visvakosa.

In t h i r t y cases Anekgrtha sam~raha has been referred

to : (p. 23 , 1. 12; p. 266, 1.3; p. 158, 1.4; p. 190, 1.1;

p . 731, 1.17; D * 219, 1. 18; p. 127, 1.2; p. 192, 1-11;

p. 274, 1. 6; p. 396, 1.18; p. 181, 1.4; p. 274,l. 22;

p. 126,1.4; p. 163, 1. 14; p. 300, 1. 20; p. 216, 1.2;

p. 23, 1. 12; p. 337, 1. 21; p. 280, 1.11; p. 41, 1.2;

9. 23, 1. 12; p. 337, 1. 21; p. 280, 1. 11; p . 41, 1.3;

p. 4, 1. 14; p. 244, 1. 19; pa 109, 1. 20; p. 142, 1. 18;

p . 43,l. 16; p . 339, 1. 4; p. 43, 1. 19; P. 202, 1. 14;

D. 112, 1. 12)

A b h i d h h CintGmani has been referred to f i f t een

times by name (.I. 17, 1. 5; p . 275, 1. 18; p. 2b6,1.21;

p. 17, 1. 9; p. 274, 1. 10; p. 274, 1. 10; p. 159, 1. 17;

p. 109, 1. 18; p. 106, 1. 20; pa 22, 1.14; p. 274, 1.5;

p. 285, 1. 11; p , 285, 1.2; p. 81, 1. 17; p. w, 1.4).

/

I n twenty s ix cases Amara kosa ha8 been referred

I I

We have fourteen c i t a t i ons from Visvakosa (?. 332, 1.

32; 7 . 393, 1. 10; n. 208, 1. 18; P. 4, 1. 16; P O 20,

1. 3; 3 . 19, 1. 23; p. 20, 1.1; p. 19, 1. 25; p. 19,

1. 19; p. 392, 1. 19; p . 300, 1. 21; p. 19, 1. 17; p * 19,

1.23).

Haima? has b ~ e n referred t o four times. ( p . 157, 1.15;

0. 8. 1.11; p . 252, 1 . 8 ; ~ . 352, 1. 9)

b a r a m a s (p. 265, 1. la;), maran i P. la, 1.17;) -- - w*, ko;e ( p . 392, 1.1;) ~bl?rakoGa (P. 265, 1- 17)s

and ~ i , j s h e s v a r a (p. 106, 1. 11) are referred t o only

once.

There a r e some one hundred and twenty three (123) /

c i 'cation8 f mm u s i n general where the name o f t h e .

individual & i s not mentioned (p. 37, 1.3; p. 233,1.13;

p. 12, 1. 6; p. 18, 1. 17; p. 171, 1.5; p. 113, 1. 22;

Other works and authors refers t o are: Vaidvaka

(p. 176, 1. 18), Alamkhra gekhara (p. 312, 1.1: 332,

1.9), (o. 2, 1. 17, P. 25, 1.7; P. 285, 1- 20)

KEdmbaka (9. 205, 1. 10) s+-= t i l a b :& (P. 811

1. 21) , Nala C ~ D U (p. 71 1. 161, (PO 6 , 1. 9 )

@ma ~rakb:a ( p . 24, 1. 21), 6obhana s t u t i (D. 21, 1. 24)

There are some 44 quotations where the source is not

mentioned. (P. 85,1.15; p. 222, 1.2; p. 114, 1. 18;

p . 395, 1. 5; p. 315, 1. 9; p. 202, 1. 12; p. 334, 1. 15

p . 39, 1. 21; p. 106, 1. 10; p. 3515, 1. 14; p. 24, 1. 20;

p. 13, 1. 10; p. 14, 1. 15; p. 39, 1. 17; p. ? 3 4 , 1. 1:;

p. 24, 1. 20; 2. 13, 1. 10; p. 14, 1.15; P. 334, 1.17;

p. 334, 1. 13; p. 14, 1. 25; p. 16, 1. 13; p. 14, 1. 20;

p. 305, 1. 6; p. 232, 1. 14; p. 153, 1. 4; p . 14, 1. 13;

3. 35, 1. 12; o. 7,1.14; pa 42, 1. 18; P. 104, 1. 1 1 ;

p. 169, 1. 3; p. 18, 1. ?2; p. 7, 1.8; p. 14, 1.17; p. 364,

/ Apart from the u t i l i s a t i on of several W s in h i s

comentary Rhbu had a deep understanding and comparative

view of these &s. See f o r example h i s in terpre ta t ion

of the word laksana. He wrltes laksa-a- e?. . . -a-

pakse makargdini cak&tfini p r a k a t h i spast& l a k s a n h i -.- P C -. .- C . -

cihnEni yasmin. nanu 's~rael s k u saumitrau

g ~ m a t i t r l ?u f Lti rudrakoe)hdi dar:a nA katham a t r a - -- I nabda nrayoga itl ceg na. 's7n&' =a-

me'le'vl dargangt ((p. 265, ll. 15-17). -- Bhna's love towards the usage of figures of speech

i s evidont and can be a t tes ted by h i s own comitment and

expression i n h i s introductory verses t o Har?a C. He

declares m o jetire&s~ts sphu:: 1 r a s a . Atain i n the introductory verses t o S d a . he, -

while anpreciating a l i t e r a r y piece, writes:

1. Vide Harsa C. 1.1.

harantl kam no j jvala dfpakopmai r -- n&? pada-rthai rupgdi t i h k ~ ?

"l'g"t= gle_:BRhan~ su3Ktayo maha'

s ra ja ; campaka kundlairiva.2

I t is obaerved sometimes t h a t -'s application of f igures

i s atraneous and not natural . He lacks t he fluency of

application and s t r a in s t o coin the usage of figure. This

type of observation i s not t l u e always. A t places the

usage of f igures of S n a is immensely natural . A s such

the su?erb usage of Ut~rek?a' of B6?a i s i n i t s peak.

Further the application of VirodhEbhhaa i s jus t and accurate.

Thia however does not suggest t hp t BS?a was not

conversant in the aaplicetion of o ther f igures and has not

u t l l l s e d them. As a matter of f a c t i n Be we Observe

t l e application of a l l the va r i e t i e s of f igures along with

i t s minor subr!ivisions. I t may be mentioned here t h a t Dr.

~ a j k u m a d Trikha i n h e r book Alanka'ras i n the works of =?I has made a exhaustive study of t he alankcras

Coming t o our c o m ~ t a t o r Bhanuchandra, he has not

paid much a t tent ion t o the s tudies of alanka'ras. Occasionally

he r e fe r s 6 r points out some aladkhras l i k e u, u tp rak t i , v imdhhhhsa , cll?$&, Spaka , and ;1esink5ra.

In many cases he does not notice t he alankhra. In t he case 8

of s>?a_ - he shows the d i s t i nc t ion between sabhanga and ,

abhanga sl-esa. However he never gives the def in i t ion of -. - any alankhra throughout the work. Invariably incase of

virodhhha'sa he points out t he virodha and removal of t h a t

aoparent virodha in c l e a r terms. Wcr give here a few

se lec ted exctractions of alankhras from h i s commentary:

Utprek!E

:bhay<t v idCrya bhitya' sveyam eva bhinnam i v e t i p.3.1 .lo. :rP,jyasya a'dhipatyasya adhi!?* shidhyakPri?T

d e ~ a t e ~ s i i r~ve tyuprek~a , p. 15, 1. 29.

: k q l t i t a l e d h a r y i t a l e ... calanam kurvatim

iti p. 22, 1. 10.' -

:yathi mahhrher mahoragasya 3sl.. ityupm- p. Z,1.20

:yatha' m y 1 k h a c i c nupu'ra' . . . ityu@, p. 4, 1.3.

:ravirlva bhsnuriva. So'pi nlrantatam... p. 8,1.16.2

1. vide a l s o p. 64,1.16; P. 66s1.16; p.93.1.17;

p.93, 1.19: p.94s1.4; P-95s 1. 19 e t c .

2. s ee a l s o p.6.1.7; p.8~1.3; p.10.113; p.18~1.24; p.18,

1-27: p.53,1*10; p.72, 1.3: p.93sl.11 t t c .

drs tgnt? -. . .- : t a l a iabdena . . . eka;reni bhfitatva &t re - - dr s t=n ta , p. 20, 1.15. -. . .-

:su!Sn&n .lev&Cm ga$a h a s t i e t c . p. 53, 1. 4.

&aka

:-a eva v 5 r ~ o g a j a s taaya.. kenivEpene ; ni~altam, p. 22. 11.21-22.

:sandhyZmupisitumiva sgyantana vidhia kartumivBvatarati

s a t 1 a t r a f i pak~m, p.55,1.18. a l s o p.95.1.7. -- vibhivanl

:yuvati manonmEdakatve'pi tadabh1li:a bhgva iti

vibhZ~fanoktih, o. 13, 11. 20-21.

mahh doso yaamin evam bhutsm ap i sakala F-dhl- - -.- s t h h m samaqra -a ath&am iti vimdh+ --- parlhZra pakse maha< do@ b&uyaayetyarth+ 1

p. 19, 11. 24-25.

/

v i se sok t i 7

d h h sancayo ya j ih dhifma samGho . . . viAdha -- vl iesokt ig ?. 6 , 11. 23-24.

/ s l eqa --

b h i l l z ap i ha t a mayiirr. picoha dhfriyo bhavant l t l --- 1. vide a l s o p. 20, 11. 1-3; p. 20,11.3-5; p.19,ll.e-10;

S'ianuchanrlra wl-s tho~oughly acquainted with I n d i m

t r s d i t i o n , be l i e f s snd customs. He was even aware of t he

r s g o n a l custams prac t i sed in various pa r t s of India. In

one ?lace willle explaining the word jivamdimka he coaments:

- 0 - . -.-.- - - . - - d&:i?adega etannamnaiva praaiddh?.2

This shows h i s acquaintance wlth south India. In

some other cases he refers t o t he prac t ices of sose ? a r t s

of Tndi7 l i ke :

b.lu'tya' ai&raryCrthilm l i k h i t r yi p a t r a l a t i pa t ra

phalEnvith 1 s kalpslata ' t a y i k f t t rakaiy6 garbha ~ k s s y q I ,

psrlk?epo dLrdhyam yasain. d k y a t e h i desavise?e sadyo

garbha sambhCtyartham prnthamartau navodha'y@ 2hnlapatra-

nvi ta kadalikay5kriyate . garbhhnnntaram ca parya*a - uttaracchedr ; ayan~yagrhabh i t t a~ vh phala pat&vitS l i k \ l i t a

ka lpala taarbnasya puftyartham vFdhyartham ca kr iya te .

:ayanasya ;irobhige vinyastat! s t h i p i t o dhavala; candanainf

~ Id rZsaaaye aanga1akala:o ynsmin iyam ca d e : a r ~ t i ; . ~ - 1 . see a l so p.68,1.17; p.67,1.4; p.52.1.5; p.80,1.11; e tc .

: antahpurasakti ya Jaratyo vrddhL yosita stisLm -.___-_- ---.-.- janens sarnuda'yena kriyamEnnm vidhryandnam avataranaka

mangalam yasyastzn . avataryaka mangalamuttdranam 1 iti de6e'ca'm qavas thay i ?rasiddham. --

In another place describing the p ra s s t i ~PA he

wri tes :

yasmin grhe p ra su t i r j tya te taddviradeLe kmmayru- - -.- - tkrama'bhym rna$likhite sam;liste put r ike kriyate

:ie a l so mentions the follow'ng o n c t i c e s :

;an"khas were sus3ended from tha care of the elephants t o - avoid the b d consequence8 of ev i l eyes.

For the protection of the ch!ld t he na i l of t he t i g e r

was t i e d ( g s ~ k ? 8 = vyEghranakh5 badhyate ( p .42,1.5).

6e:~cE'ro'~am ya t ekakar?? dantapatra parldhham --

( p . 193,1.19).

3e was a l so keenly conversant with huaa? hohaviour.

see f o r exanple his rwark on the behlviour of a lady i n

separation:

1. aha'nu. p. 153, 11. 1b-16.

2. ib id . P. 159, 11.9'10.

I vlrahavasgt s a c i n t g y a striyo'ngusthena bhhikarsanam ..- -,-.-

s t s j f i i svabhi+fa$.' Further on t h e nature of l a d i e s he -- t wri tes : avirala ' nivida' y e t L r u p ~ ~ ne/rajalapZt58 talra 'rdri-

krtam klinnikrtam dukulam dugulan yaya' t& . analam- -.- -,- - - -

A t the end we may point out t h a t ~ h h u ' s comentary

does not give much inportance t o poe t i ca l elements l i k e

rasa , dhvani e t c . , thougi, i n some places he gives aome

suggestive meanings ( v y G y a ) s t i l l h i s knowledge on various

aspects of uoetics cannot be neglected. Ye conclude our

discussion on t h i s chapter by quoting some i m ~ o r t a n t

de f in i t i ons on various aspects a s given by BhZnu.

1. i b id . p. 470, 1.7

2. I h u . p. 1%' 11. 1-3.

4. Kkhya'n2ka vynktakathd (p . 14, 1.11)

5. i t i h d s a puri v f t t (p. 14, 1.11)

6 . k e gadyapadyamayi (p. 4. 1. 10)

7. kubjah yefG ; l r o d h i p z ~ i p 6 d e m

1 .k :~ope tam na bhavat i e t&. (p. l p , 1. 4 )

8. kivyam n i p y a k ~ v i k a m a (p. 13. 1.4)

9. kzvyam d o s a h g v e s a t 1 - Wm-t? kevalam

sva lpa tanqva; (D. 158, 1. 4) @laadravat -- kavi karma (p. 25, 1. 8 )

10. hit;i?itapSptiparLGraupade??*, (p. 276, 1.23)

11. Gfakam avasthCnukr%%? (p. 13, 1 .4)

t 2 . nEtakam abhlnayhtmakaq, (p. 25, 1. 8 )

13, vya5yCnam anyartha nlrvacandni (p. 13, 1. 4 ) e t c .