chapter vi skeletal systemskull of rabbit 2 .protection . 3 .muscle attachment . 4 . movement or...
TRANSCRIPT
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Daw Myaing Assistant Lecturer 7. 2 . 2019
CHAPTER VI
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Skeletal System
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Skeleton of rabbit
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Endoskeleton within + skeleton
Exoskeleton outside + skeleton
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A typical long bone
(Femur)
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A typical long bone
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A long bone
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Concentrates most materials around the periphery
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Synovial joint
giving maximum resistance to bending movements
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hyaline cartilage covers the epiphyses , reduces joint friction
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Marrow or
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Inner osteogenic layer
(outer )
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Periosteum
Outer layer
Inner layer
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or Marrow
A long bone
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A long bone( Dried )
Marrow cavity
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The skeleton of a mammal
The internal structure of rabbit includes the structure and arrangement of its bony
framework ,which is known as its skeleton.
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Functions of the skeleton
( 1 ) Support
( 2 ) Protection
( 3 ) Muscle attachment
( 4 ) Movement or Locomotion
( 5 ) Production of blood corpuscles
(Five main purposes)
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( 1 ) Support
The rigid skeleton forms a frame work for the support of the body .
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1. Support
-raises the body above the ground
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Vertebral column of man
-becomes a rigid axis to support the heavy head
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Vertebral column becomes rigid axis to resist the pushed exercised by the limbs
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Skull of rabbit
2 .Protection
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3 .Muscle attachment
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4 . Movement or locomotion
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( 5 )Production of blood corpuscles
The long bones of vertebrates contain red marrow .In amphibians ,reptiles ,and birds the bone marrow forms all kinds of corpuscles
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5 . Production of blood corpuscles
In mammals the red marrow form erythrocytes, blood platelets and granulocytes only , other white corpuscles are formed in the lymphatic tissue
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5 . Production of blood corpuscles
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The endoskeleton of rabbit
- divided into two main parts
( 1 ) Axial skeleton
( 2 ) Appendicular skeleton
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Endoskeleton of rabbit
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The Axial Skeleton
- skull
- vertebral column ( backbone )
- sternum ( breastbone )
- ribs
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Axial skeleton of rabbit
Vertebral column Skull
Sternum Rib
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The vertebrae in the vertebral column
( I ) cervical
( ii ) thoracic
( iii ) lumbar
( iv ) sacral
( v ) caudal
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Vertebral column of rabbit
thoracic lumbar
sacrum
caudal
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Atlas of rabbit ( first cervical vertebra )
Axis of rabbit ( second cervical vertebra )
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Typical cervical vertebra of rabbit
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Thoracic vertebrae of rabbit
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Lumbar vertebra of rabbit
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Sacrum of rabbit
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Vertebral column of man
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Twelve pairs of ribs attached to the vertebral column at the back and the breastbone in front .
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Ribs and sternum of rabbit
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Seven bony pieces
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False ribs
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Floating ribs
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Ribs of rabbit
Tuberculum
Capitulum
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Vertebra and rib of human
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Appendicular skeleton of rabbit
Pectoral girdle and fore limbs
Pelvic girdle and hind limbs
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Appendicular skeleton of rabbit
radius
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Pectoral girdle and Fore limbs of Rabbit
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(Fore arm )
(Shank )
digits digits
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Tetrapod limb
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Ball and socket joints
Pectoral or
Glenoid cavity
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Radius and ulna of human
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Radius and Ulna of rabbit
Ulna Radius
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radius
Tibia Fibula
Tibio fibula of rabbit
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Radius and ulna of man
Tibia and fibula of man
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Elbow joint
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Knee joint
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Autopodium
Digits
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Autopodium
digits digits
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Foot bones of human
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Pectoral girdle and fore limb of tetrapod
Metacarpals
radiale Ulnare
Intermedium
Centralia
Distal carpal
Pelvic girdle and hind limb of tetrapod
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Hind limb bones of tetrapod
E
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(Fore arm )
(Shank )
digits digits
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Autopodium
digits digits
2
3
4 5
4
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Tetrapod limb
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JOINTS
- is defined as the spot where two or
more bones meet
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Bones of the mammalian skeleton are joined to one another in different parts of the body in order to allow movement of the body parts.
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There are various types of joints which permit varying degrees of movement .
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However ,in some parts of the body such as the skull and pelvic girdle ,the bones are firmly attached to one another so that movement of these bones is not possible .
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Immovable joint
( synarthrosis )
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Pelvic girdle
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Rabbit skull
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Vertebrae of man
The vertebrae are joined by Ligaments and intervertebral disc which allow very little movement Between them .
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Intervertebral disc of vertebral column
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Joints
(1 ) Immovable joints or synarthroses
( 2 ) Movable joints or diarthroses
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There are four main kinds of moveable joints
( 1 ) Ball and socket joints
( 2 ) Hinge joints
( 3 ) Gliding joint
( 4 ) Pivot joint
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Ball and socket joint or Shoulder joint
Head
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Ball and socket joints
( Hip joint )
Head
Femur
Acetabulum
Pelvic girdle
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Hinge joint Humerus
Radius
Ulna
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(Elbow joint )
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Knee
Femur
Tibia Fibula
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Hinge joint Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Each set of bones making up this joint functions like one half of a hinge
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Atlas of rabbit ( first cervical vertebra )
Axis of rabbit ( second cervical vertebra )
Odontoid process
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Cervical vertebrae of human
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Atlanto-axial joint
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Structure of a joint
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Synovial capsule or
(Synovial Membrane)
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Synovial joint
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THANK YOU
THANK YOU
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There are four main kinds of moveable joints
(1) Ball and socket joints
(2 ) Hinge joints
(3) Gliding or sliding joints
(4 ) pivot joints
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Immovable joint
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Cheiropterygium
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Sacrum of rabbit