chapter1 definition it[1]

8/4/2019 Chapter1 Definition IT[1]

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Outline

Analysis of the term: Information &

Technology

Definition of Information

Data Information Knowledge

Definition of Technology

Elements of Information Technology

Information Technology: the Discipline

Who are IT professionals Why information technology

Moors Law

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What is Information Technology

Information Technology= Information +technology

Definition of Technology:

The application of scientific knowledge to the practical

aims of human life.

Technology is people using knowledge, tools, and

systems to make their lives easier and better

Science deals with the study of phenomena in the

natural world (physics, chemistry, geology,

Science deals with "understanding" whiletechnology deals with "doing

Technology stages: stone age, bronze age,

industrial age, technology age, knowledge age

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Definition of information

Knowledge chain:

data Information Knowledge

Data

raw facts, a collection of facts

from which conclusions may bedrawn.

collection of observations orattributes, which may or may notbe true

can have different forms: text,numbers, images, or thoughts.

Data may not be facts

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Definition of information technology

Information

Processed meaningful data

Information is the result of

processing, manipulating

and organizing data in a waythat adds to the knowledge

of the receiver. In other

words, it is the context in

which data is taken. Information leads to

knowledge

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Definition of information

Knowledge

cognition: the psychological result of perception andlearning and reasoning.

Is built up from interaction with the world, and isorganized and stored in each individual's mind.

Knowledge is part of the hierarchy

made up of data, information and

knowledge.

Data are raw facts. Information is data

with context and perspective.

Knowledge is information with guidance

for action based upon insight and

experience.

Knowledge is part of the hierarchy

made up of data, information and

knowledge.

Data are raw facts. Information is data

with context and perspective.

Knowledge is information with guidance

for action based upon insight and

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Assignment #1

Write an article differentiating between

Max. 2 pages

Data, Information, knowledge, and

development.

resources: Google,

Wikipedia,

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Definition of information technology

IT is given to be the development of tools, machines,

processes, and systems that process and manipulatedata in order to extract (useful) information out ofthem.

Information technology is defined as the

implementation of different branches of technologyin information processing.

acquisition, storage, manipulation, management,control, display, switching, interchange, transmission,

and reception of data The development and use of the hardware, software,

firmware, and procedure associated with theseprocesses

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Elements of Information technology

Sensing and Acquisition

Technologies

Analysis Technologies

Communications

Technologies

Display Technologies

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Information technology: the discipline

Explain the difference between

Information technology

Computer science

Information system

Management information system

Information system engineering

Others

Two level of distinction Curricular level

Professional level

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Information Technology VS. Computer Science

Professional level

Computer scientist tends to build, develop and extendthe basic computing technologies

IT specialist tends to apply these technologies to solvereal-world problems for enterprises and people

Curricular level C.S. has stronger emphasis on programming

Design and implement complete IT solution includingsoftware

C.S. has deeper roots in Math and more abstract than IT IT focuses more on practice than C. S.

IT specialist needs to make management decisions thanC.S.

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Information Technology VS. Information Systems

System: collection of items that works together to do some

thing An informationsystemis a collection of components that

work together for the purpose of providing information to

help in the operation and the management of the

organization Componentsofinformationsystems: Hardware, Software,

Storage devices, Human resources (personal), data or

information, and the operations or procedures.

information systems are broader than information

technologies.

Information System = Information technology + (data)

Information + Human resources

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Management Information systems - MIS

discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and

procedures collectively called information systems tosolving business problems.

The group of information management methods tied to the

automation or support of human decision making, e.g.

DecisionS

upportSystems.

decision support systems, resource and people management

applications, project management, and database retrieval

applications.

Assembly of computer hardware, software, and/or firmware

configured to collect, create, communicate, compute,

disseminate, process, store, and/or control data or

information. ...

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Computer system engineering

Discipline that encompasses broad areas of both

electrical engineering and computer science. Computer engineers are electrical engineers that

have additional courses in the areas of softwaredesign and hardware-software integration.

Computer engineers work to design andmanageallforms of computer systems used in industry,education, Business, management, etc.

Computer systems is some times called information

system engineering Computer system engineering has the design

dimension over the Information technology andsystems disciplines.

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Who are IT workers

Wide range of occupations are assumed by IT

professionals

Core IT skills: develop, implement, enhance, operate,

upgrade and maintain information technologies and

systems.

IT workers are supposed to have skills rather than IT

pure skills: management, accounting, communication, educations,

IT professions can be found in business and service

sector, including government, industry, civilorganizations, academia

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Who are IT workers

There are two categories for IT workers depending on

whether IT knowledge is more important in doingthe job than any other knowledge or skill.

IT worker: when IT knowledge is more important in

doing the job than any other knowledge or skill.

IT related worker: if less than the value of his/her

work is IT focused.

IT workers skills, technical knowledge about

information technology, business knowledge andexperience, and organizational and communication

skills.

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Who are IT workers

ExamplesCategory

Product designers, system analysts,

computer science researchers.

Designers

visualize and design the basic of

computer systems.

System designers, programmers, software

engineers, computer engineers.DevelopersThose who work on designing,

constructing, and testinginformation

systems.

Maintenance programmers, programmers, software

engineers, computer engineers, databaseadministrators, web developers, network

administrators.

Modifiers and extenders

Those who modify or add an information

technology artifact.

Customer support, help desk, hardware

maintenance, network technician.

Supporters

Those who deliver,install, operate, maintain, or

repair an information technology asset.

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Brief history of Information technology

The history of information technology is characterized

by principal technology used to input, process, andoutput and communicates information at that time.

Four stages can be defined:

Pre-mechanical: invention of writing and the use ofAlphabets

Mechanical: invented the movable metal-type

printing machines

Electromechanical: Invention of Electricity, and thetransform of data into electric pulse

Electronic: the discovery of digital signals or bits.

Discovery of electronic devices, integrated circuits, 18


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Magnificent of Information technology

Scope of IT is very broad: The computer, telecommunications,

software, media industry and others Vast fields fall under IT such as operating systems, software

development, networking, intranets, the Internet, databases,multi-media, video and audio technologies, informationsecurity, information management and many more.

IT is one of the fastest growing sector nowadays The production, storage, and transfer ofknowledge are

becoming the basis of any successful enterprises of all sizesand domain of operation.

Globalization obliges companies, governments and civilagencies, to react more quickly, and operate moreefficientlythan they have done in the past

Information is managed as assetsjust like inventories orcapital

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Magnificent of Information technology

IT is human intensive: Relies heavily on the highly trained IT

workforce, unlike the other sectors, which more rely ondeploying and using new automation means andtechnologies.

Need for information technology specialists will stay high ondifferent levels.

information technology is the fact it moves forward fasterthan any other technology.

Knowledge age: IT is the key technology to enter the 21st

century, as the discovery of oil was the key technology of the20th century.

Moors Law: The processing power and storage capacities ofsemiconductor devices, which are the building blocks ofinformation technology, have been doubling every eighteenmonths

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Information Society

a society in which the creation, distribution,

diffusion, use, and manipulation of information is asignificant economic, political, and cultural activity.

a type of society in which information and

information access plays a central role, economically,

socially and individually. Governments are making

efforts to bring countries into this era.

a society integrated by complex communication

networks that rapidly develop and exchangeinformation

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