chapter1 - the internet and www
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
1/51
1
Web Programming
Dr. Nguyen Tuan NamFall 2010
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
2/51
2
Learning Outcomes
Create dynamical web pages that are tailoredto specific user requests
Understand the basics of HTML, CSS, XHTMLControl page layout using CSSIncorporate external media into a web pageUse W3C to validate HTML, CSS and XHTML
Understand the basic steps of building anecommerce websiteSetup and maintain the Apache web server,PHP subsystem, JSP, Java Servlet, MySQL
DBMSUtilize MySQL DBMS for data storage andretrieval
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
3/51
3
Textbooks
Textbooks[1] Beginning PHP5, Apache, MySQL Web Development.E. Naramore, J. Gerner, Y. Scouarnec, J. Stolz, M. Glass.
Wiley Publishing. 2005[2] Java Web Programming . David Turner and Jinsok Chae. 2009[3] Sams Teach Yourself Ajax, JavaScript, and PHP All in One. Ballard and Moncur. Sams, 2008.[4] Sams Teach Yourself HTML and CSS in 24 Hours.Dick Oliver and Michael Morrison, 7th Edition, 2005.
WebsitesXHTML reference http://xhtml.com/en/xhtml/reference/HTML referencehttp://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
4/51
Assignment & GradingMidterm exam
On the 5 th week (5 weeks from today)30%
Final examTBD40%
Projects30%
Extra credits AttendanceParticipation
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
5/51
5
The Internet and WWW
Chapter 1Key Concepts
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
6/51
6
Learning
OutcomesIn this chapter, you will learn about:
The evolution of the Internet, Internetstandards organizations, and the differencebetween the Internet, intranets, andextranets.The beginning of the World Wide Web,ethical use of information on the Web,Web Accessibility, and future Internettrends.The Client/Server Model, InternetProtocols, Networks, URLs and DomainNames, and Markup Languages.
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
7/51
7
he Evolutionof the Internet
InternetInter connected net work of computer networks
ARPAnet Advanced Research Project Agency1969 four computers connected
NSFnetNational Science FoundationBackbone speed of 56Kbps
Use of the Internet was originally limited togovernment, research and academic use
1991 Commercial ban lifted
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
8/51
8
Intranet & Extranets
Intranet A private network contained within anorganization or business used to shareinformation and resources among coworkers.
Extranet A private network that securely shares part of an organizations information or operations with
external partners
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
9/51
9
Growth of InternetHobbes Internet Timeline
http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
Year
196919891992199520012002200320062009
Host Computers
4100,0001,000,0008,000,000
109,000,000147,000,000171,600,000439,000,000700,000,000
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
10/51
10
Reasons forInternet Growth in the 1990s
Removal of the ban on commercial activity
Development of the World Wide Web byTim Berners-Lee at CERN
1990
Development of Mosaic, the first graphics-
based web browser at NCSA 1992-1997
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
11/51
11
The World Wide WebThe graphical user interface to
information stored on some of thecomputers connected to the Internet.
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
12/51
Mosaic 1.0
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
13/51
13
Internet Standards &
CoordinationThe Internet Society
A professional organization thatprovides leadership in addressing issuesrelated to the future of the Internet
IETF-- Internet Engineering Task ForceRFC Requests for Comments
IAB Internet Architecture Board
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
14/51
14
Internet Standards &
CoordinationICANN - The Internet Corporation for
Assigned Numbers & NamesNon-profit organizationMain function is to coordinate theassignment of:
Internet domain namesIP address numbers
Protocol parametersProtocol port numbers.
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
15/51
15
Web Standards
and the W3C ConsortiumW3C World Wide Web Consortium
Develops recommendations andprototype technologies related to theWeb
Produces specifications, calledRecommendations, in an effort to
standardize web technologies
WAI Web Accessibility Initiative
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
16/51
16
Web
AccessibilityWAI Web Accessibility Initiative
Develops recommendations forweb content developers,web authoring tool developers,developers of web browsers, and
developers of other user agents to facilitate use of the web by those with special needs.
WCAGWeb Content Accessibility Guidelineshttp://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
17/51
17
Web
AccessibilitySection 508 of the Rehabilitation
Actrequires that government agenciesmust give individuals with disabilities
access to information technology thatis comparable to the access availableto others
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
18/51
18
Checkpoint 1.11. Describe the difference between the Internet and an intranet.
2. Explain three events that contributed
to the commercialization and exponential growth of the Internet.
3. Describe the difference between the Internet and the Web.
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
19/51
19
Network
OverviewNetwork -- two or more computers connectedtogether for the purpose of communicating andsharing resources
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
20/51
20
NetworksLAN -- Local Area Network
Usually confined to a single building or group of
buildingsUsually high-speed and relatively inexpensive
MAN -- Metropolitan Area Network Connects computer resources in a localgeographical area
WAN -- Wide Area Network Usually uses some form of public or commercialcommunications network to connect computersin widely dispersed geographical areas.
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
21/51
21
A WAN connecting
two LANs
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
22/51
22
Internet
InfrastructureInternet Backbone
A high capacitycommunication link that carries datagathered from smallerlinks that interconnect
with it.N AP N etw o rk
Access Point Access points or junctions to theInternet Backbone inmajor cities.
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
23/51
23
he Client/Server
Model
Client/Server can describe a relationshipbetween two computer programs the"client " and the " server ".
Clientrequests some type of service (such as a fileor database access) from the server.
Serverfulfills the request and transmits the results tothe client over a network
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
24/51
24
he Client/Server
Model
The Internet Client/Server ModelClient -- Web BrowserServer -- Web Server
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
25/51
25
Web
ClientConnected to the Internet when needed
Usually runs web browser (client)software such as Internet Explorer orNetscape
Uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)Requests web pages from serverReceives web pages and files from server
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
26/51
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
27/51
27
MIME
TypeMulti-Purpose Internet Mail Extension
A set of rules that allowmultimedia documentsto be exchanged amongmany different computer systems
A specification for formatting non-ASCIImessages so that they can be sent overthe Internet
Composed of Type Subtype Optional parameters
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
28/51
28
Internet
ProtocolsProtocols
Rules that describe the methods usedfor clients and servers to communicatewith each other over a network.
There is no single protocol that makes theInternet and Web work.
A number of protocols with specificfunctions are needed.
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
29/51
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
30/51
30
E-mail
ProtocolsSending E-mail
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Receiving E-mail
POP (POP3) Post Office ProtocolIMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
31/51
31
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol A set of rules for exchanging files such astext, graphic images, sound, video, andother multimedia files on the Web.
Web browsers send HTTP requests for web pagesand their associated files.
Web servers send HTTP responses back to the
web browsers.
HTTP Request
HTTP Response
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
32/51
32
TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/ Internet P rotocol
TCP/IP has been adopted as theofficial communication protocol of theInternet.
TCP and IP have different functionsthat work together to ensure reliablecommunication over the Internet.
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
33/51
33
CP
Transmission Control ProtocolPurpose is to ensure the integrity of communicationBreaks files and messages into individual unitscalled packets
IP
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
34/51
34
IP
Internet Protocol A set of rules that controls how data is sentbetween computers on the Internet.
IP routes a packet to the correctdestination address.
The packet gets successively forwarded tothe next closest router (a hardware device
designed to move network traffic) until itreaches its destination.http://visualroute.visualware.com/
http://www.tracert.com/cgi-bin/trace.pl
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
35/51
35
IP AddressEach device connected to the Internet hasa unique numeric IP address.
These addresses consist of a set of fourgroups of numbers, called octets.64.233.167.99 will get you Google!
An IP address may correspond to a domain
name.
D i
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
36/51
36
Domain
NameLocates an organization or otherentity on the Internet
Domain Name SystemDivides the Internet into logicalgroups and understandable names
Associates unique computer IP Addresses with the text-baseddomain names you type into a web
browserBrowser: http://google.comDNS: 64.233.187.99
URL
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
37/51
37
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
URLRepresents theaddress of aresource on theInternet .
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
38/51
Co nt Code
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
39/51
39
County Code
TLDsTwo character codes originally intended toindicate the geographical location (country)
of the web site.
In practice, it is fairly easy to obtain adomain name with a country code TLD thatis not local to the registrant.
Examples:.tv, .ws, .au, .jp, .uk See http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
40/51
k
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
41/51
41
Markup
Language Annotating a text in a way that issyntactically distinguishable from thattext
Markup is typically omitted from theversion of the text which is displayedfor end-user consumption
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
42/51
Types of Electronic MarkupPresentational
Embedded in document text
Produces the WYSIWYGeffectProceduralEmbedded in textProvides instructions for programs that are to
process the textEx: LaTeX, PostScriptDescriptive
Used to label parts of the documentNot providing specific instructions as to howthey should be processedEx: HTML's tag
M k
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
43/51
43
Markup
LanguagesSGML Standard Generalized MarkupLanguage
A standard for specifying a markuplanguage or tag set
HTML Hypertext Markup LanguageThe set of markup symbols or codes
placed in a file intended for display on aweb browser.
Markup
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
44/51
44
Markup
Languages (2)XML eXtensible Markup Language
Subset of SGML
A text-based language designed to describe,deliver, and exchange structured information.
It is not intended to replace HTML it is intended to extend the power of HTML byseparating data from presentation.
Markup
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
45/51
45
Markup
Languages (3)XHTML eXtensible Hypertext MarkupLanguage
Developed by the W3C as the reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an application of XML.
It combines the formatting strengths of HTML4.0 and the data structure and extensibilitystrengths of XML.
Markup
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
46/51
46
Markup
Languages (4)HTML 5
The next version of HTML 4 and XHTML 1
http://www.w3.org/html/
Markup
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
47/51
47
Markup
Languages (5)The relationship betweenXHTML, HTML, and XML
Most Important Differences
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
48/51
Most Important Differences
Between HTML and XHTMLXHTML elements must be properlynestedXHTML elements must always beclosed
XHTML elements must be inlowercaseXHTML documents must have oneroot element
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
49/51
49
Checkpoint 1.21. Describe the components of the client/server model as applied to the Internet.
2. Identify two protocols used on the Internet to convey information that use the Internet but do not use the Web.
3. Explain the similarities and differences between a URL and a domain name.
Future Internet
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
50/51
50
Future Internet
& Web TrendsContinued importance of E-CommerceWireless Web access
Need for skilled technical workersIPV6Web Services
BlogsRSSWikisWeb 2.0Constant Change!
-
8/8/2019 Chapter1 - The Internet and WWW
51/51
51
SummaryThis chapter provided a brief overview of Internet, Web, andintroductory networking concepts.