chapter12income and social class

7/27/2019 Chapter12income and Social Class

1/19

CHAPTER 13

INCOME AND SOCIAL CLASS

Multiple Choice

1. A Rolls-Royce, a Cartier diamond, or an Andy Worhol painting are bought anddisplayed as markers of social class. When this occurs, products become:

a. social inhibitors. b. status symbols. c. social parameters. d. psychological blocks.

Answer: !" Di##icult$: E" Applic%tion P%&e: ''1

2. he a!erage American"s standard of li!ing continues to impro!e. hese incomeshifts are linked to t#o key factors:

a. a shift from blue collar to #hite-collar employment and the increased use of personal computers. b. more immigrants to the $nited %tates and increasing technical skills. c. a shift in #omen"s roles and increases in educational attainment. d. a shift in population from the %no# &elt to the %un &elt and ad!ances in human

rights.

Answer: c" Di##icult$: H" (%ct P%&e: ''1

'. oday there is a larger proportion of people of #orking age participating in the labor force. ((((((((((((((( are the fastest gro#ing segment of #orking people. a. Retirees returning to the #orkforce b. )others #ith pre-school children c. )others #hose youngest child is a teenager and li!es at home d. )others #ho no longer ha!e any children at home

Answer: !" Di##icult$: H" (%ct P%&e: ''1

*. here are no# 1+ million married couples making o!er , a year. Which of thefollo#ing groups is primarily responsible for propelling these families up the income

ladder/ a. #orking teenagers b. #orking men c. #orking #omen d. those that in!est in the stock market

Answer: c" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''1

2'


2/19

. 0t has been said that education pays off. According to material presented in thetet, college graduates earn about ((((((((((((( more during the course of theirli!es than those that ha!e only gone through high school.

a. 2 b. *

c. d. 33

Answer: c" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: ''1

3. Consumer demand for goods and ser!ices depends on both the ability to buy and a. a good 4ob. b. a good selection of goods and ser!ices. c. good information about the goods and ser!ices. d. the #illingness to buy.

Answer: )" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''*

5. (((((((((((((( is the amount of money a!ailable to a household o!er and abo!e thatre6uired for a comfortable standard of li!ing.

a. 7ariable money b. 8ersonal sa!ings c. 9iscretionary income d. ied income

Answer: c" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''*

+. American consumers are estimated to #ield about * billion a year in discretionary spending po#er. ifty percent ;< of this amount is generated by people aged: a. 2-', #hose incomes are at a peak. b. '-, #hose incomes are at a peak. c. -5, #ho are planning retirement. d. 3=, #ho are retired.

Answer: !" Di##icult$: H" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''*

>. According to information presented in the tet, there are se!en distinct moneypersonalities. Which of the follo#ing money personalities holds the largestpercentage of the total #ith 1>/a. he hunter.

b. he protector. c. he stri!er. d. he gatherer.

Answer: )" Di##icult$: H" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''3+ T%!le 13,1

2'1


3/19

1. According to information presented in the tet, there are se!en distinct moneypersonalities. Which of the follo#ing money personalities is matched to thecharacteristic of belie!ing that money makes the #orld go round and e6uates money#ith po#er/

a. he hunter.

b. he protector. c. he stri!er. d. he gatherer.

Answer: c" Di##icult$: H" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''3+ T%!le 13,1

11. red ?ohnson has #orked hard all of his life to make a decent li!ing for himself and his family. @o#e!er, in recent years he has become obsessed #ith a fear of being ruined ;either because of losing his 4ob or losing all of his sa!ings


4/19

a. 0ndi!idual demand b. Aggregate demand c. 0ndustrial supply d. Consumer confidence

Answer: )" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''*

1. 9r. %am ?ones has a decision to make. @e must decide #hether to epand his clinic by percent or not. he mo!e #ill cost him , and #ill tie him to debt for 2 years. 9r. ?ones belie!es the economy is going to get e!en better in the future and that his clients are going to need e!en more health care ser!ices as they age. i!en the facts abo!e, 9r. ?ones is making his decision based on #hich of the follo#ing !ariables/ a. he profit moti!e. b. Consumer confidence pro4ection. c. %upply and demand based on consulting reports.

d. %tatistical analysis of a market.Answer: !" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: ''*-''3

13. 0f you #ere going to construct a 6uestionnaire to determine consumer confidence,D you might be ad!ised to ask all of the follo#ing 6uestions EFCE8: a. #ould you say that you and your family are better off or #orse off financially than a year ago/ b. #ill you be better off or #orse off a year from no#/ c. are you happy #ith your 4ob/ d. do you plan to buy a car in the net year/

Answer: c" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''3

15. All of the follo#ing affect the o!erall sa!ings rate of consumers EFCE8: a. #hether an indi!idual has a credit card or not. b. indi!idual consumers" optimism or pessimism about personal circumstances. c. #orld e!ents. d. cultural differences in attitudes to#ard sa!ing.

Answer: %" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: ''3-'''

1+. he place one occupies in the social structure is an important determinant not only ofho# much money is spent, but also:

a. ho# the money #as earned. b. #ho shares in the #ealth. c. ho# it is spent. d. #ho it is spent #ith.

2''


5/19

Answer: c" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: '''

1>. he term pecking orderD #as deri!ed from #hich of the follo#ing hierarchies/ a. A dominant-submissi!e hierarchy. b. A supply and demand hierarchy.

c. A cohort analysis hierarchy. d. A social contract hierarchy.

Answer: %" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: '''

2. he erman sociologist )a Weber sho#ed that rankings people de!elop are notone dimensional. All of the follo#ing are #ays people are ranked, according toWeber, EFCE8:

a. prestige or social honor. b. a focus on po#er. c. re!ol!ing around #ealth or property.

d. ethnicity and race.

Answer: )" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: '''

21. (((((((((((((( is a comple set of !ariables, including income, family background, and occupation. a. Reference groups b. %ociety c. Welfare d. %ocial class

Answer: )" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: '''-''.

22. We tend to marry people in a similar social class to ours. %ociologists call this(((((((((( or assortati!e mating.

a. homophilia b. monogamy c. homogamy d. cultural formatting

Answer: c" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: ''.

2'. he phenomenon called ((((((((((((((( refers to the creation of artificial di!isionsin a society.

a. reference group affiliation b. bias c. the sil!er spoonD syndrome d. social stratification

2'*


6/19

Answer: )" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: ''/

2*. he phrase those processes in a social system by #hich scarce and !aluableresources are distributed une6ually to status positions that become more or lesspermanently ranked in terms of the share of !aluable resources each recei!esD is

associated #ith #hich of the follo#ing concepts/a. reference group affiliation b. bias c. the sil!er spoonD syndrome d. social stratification

Answer: )" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: ''/

2. 0n school, it al#ays seemed as if Genneth got all the breaks. @e had access to all theright resources, such as special pri!ileges, fancy cars, large allo#ances, or dates #ithall the beautiful girls. E!en at #ork, he #as put on the fast track and got promoted

early to a high-prestige 4ob. 0t seemed as if Genneth #as artificially ranked higherthan others. he process that best describes #hat happened in the abo!e eample iscalled:

a. reference group affiliation. b. bias. c. ascribed status or the sil!er spoonD syndrome. d. achie!ed status.

Answer: c" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: ''/

23. 0f a person #as to recei!e re#ards and status because of luck or good fortune, the status that he or she achie!ed #ould be called: a. ascribed status. b. achie!ed status. c. classification status. d. psychological status.

Answer: %" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: ''/

25. 0f a person #orks hard to achie!e the resources that are necessary to climb a socialladder and to ele!ate his or her social status, that person can be said to ha!e achie!edtheir re#ards due to:

a. ascribed status. b. achie!ed status. c. classification status. d. psychological status.

Answer: !" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''/

2+. Richard #orked !ery hard on his grades and #orked after school part-time to be able

2'


7/19

to afford tutors to help him ad!ance his education. When he #as named H1 in hisclass, he #as gi!en a certain status. he best term to describe the form of status that#as gi!en to Richard #as:

a. ascribed status. b. achie!ed status.

c. classification status. d. psychological status.

Answer: !" Di##icult$: E" Applic%tion P%&e: ''/

2>. )ost groups ehibit a structure called a;n< (((((((((((((( in #hich some members are someho# better off than others. a. social array b. symbolic status c. status hierarchy d. symbolic reference

Answer: c" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''/

'. he most influential and earliest attempt to describe American class structure #asproposed by ((((((((((((((((( in 1>*1.

a. )a Weber b. ?ohn )aynard Geynes c. W. Iloyd Warner d. homas @obbes


'1. Which of the follo#ing #as one of the si social classes described by Warner"s %ocialClass %cale/

a. he stri!er. b. A blue blood. c. $pper $pper d. A mobile #orker.


'2. According to the social class structure proposed in the tet, the #orld of inherited#ealth or the capital % societyD is found in #hich of the follo#ing social classcategories/

a. Io#er $pper. b. $pper $pper. c. $pper )iddle. d. Io#er )iddle.

Answer: !" Di##icult$: E" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''0+ (i&ure 13,1

2'3


8/19

''. )a"s family is part of #hat is called the ne# rich.D hey are the ne#er social elite, dra#n from current professionals. @is father is a medical doctor and his mother is !ice president at a large urban bank. )a"s family ;based on the description gi!en in

the tet< belongs to #hich of the follo#ing social class categories/

a. Io#er $pper. b. $pper $pper. c. $pper )iddle. d. Io#er )iddle.

Answer: %" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: ''0+ (i&ure 13,1

'*. %tephanie"s parents are considered to be blue collarJ ho#e!er, her dad o#ns aconstruction company and performs mostly #hite-collar duties. @er mother runs anoffice cleaning company from their home. he couple earns about >, a year andare able to send %tephanie and her t#o sisters to the state uni!ersity close to their

hometo#n. &ased on the abo!e description, #hich of the follo#ing contemporary!ie#s of the American class structure best describe %tephanie"s family/ a. $pper $pper b. Io#er $pper c. Io#er Io#er d. )iddle Class

Answer: )" Di##icult$: H" Applic%tion P%&e: ''0+ (i&ure 13,1

'. he #elfare classD that is !isibly po!erty-stricken, usually out of #ork, andconsidered to be the disassociati!e class by other categories in society is called

the ((((((((((((((((((((( class on the social class scale. a. $pper $pper b. Io#er $pper c. Real Io#er Io#er d. )iddle Class

Answer: c" Di##icult$: E" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''0+ (i&ure 13,1

'3. Kf the countries listed belo#, #hich is thought to be highly status-conscious/ a. Canada. b. ?apan. c. &raBil. d. %pain.

Answer: !" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: ''

'5. According to an old saying, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.D his is infact some#hat true and has led to #hich of the follo#ing marketing strategies incontemporary America/

2'5


9/19

a. A pyramid strategy. b. A ha!e and ha!e-not strategy. c. A t#o-tiered marketing strategy. d. A social polar strategy.

Answer: c" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''+ M%r2etin&Opportunit$

'+. ((((((((((((( refers to the passage of indi!iduals from one social class to another. a. %ocial class b. %ocial affinity c. %ocial mobility d. %ocial prestige

Answer: c" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''

'>. %andra ?ackson decided to become a nurse after se!eral years as an elementaryteacher. %he still #anted to help people. %he 4ust #anted to do it differently.%andra"s case is an eample of #hich of the follo#ing/

a. 9o#n#ard mobility. b. $p#ard mobility. c. @oriBontal mobility. d. 9iagonal mobility.

Answer: c" Di##icult$: H" Applic%tion P%&e: ''

*. Rufus &ro#n has been a farmer for years. @is family has been in the farmingbusiness for o!er 12 years. @o#e!er, because of poor crops and high bank loans,

Rufus has had to accept #elfare payments some months 4ust to put food on hisfamily"s table and pay his basic bills. Which of the follo#ing situations best describes

Rufus &ro#n"s situation/ a. 9o#n#ard mobility. b. $p#ard mobility. c. @oriBontal mobility. d. 9iagonal mobility.

Answer: %" Di##icult$: E" Applic%tion P%&e: ''

*1. All of the follo#ing are important components of social class EFCE8: a. occupational prestige. b. income. c. gender. d. educational attainment.

Answer: c" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''

2'+


10/19

*2. @ierarchies of occupational prestige tend to be: a. unstable o!er time. b. not comparable from one society to another. c. 6uite stable o!er time. d. not really related to social class.

Answer: c" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: '.4

*'. Which of the follo#ing !ariables related to social class distinction is identified by the tet as being unclear and the sub4ect of debate #ith respect to its role as an indicator of

social class/ a. Kccupation. b. Amount of income. c. Education. d. @o# income is spent.

Answer: !" Di##icult$: H" (%ct P%&e: '.1

**. All of the follo#ing are problems #ith measuring social class EFCE8: a. most measures of social class are dated and designed for the traditional family

structure. b. the increasing anonymity of society. c. many measurements are sub4ecti!e. d. most of the measurements are too epensi!e.

Answer: )" Di##icult$: H" (%ct P%&e: '.3-'.'

*. 0f a social scientist #ere to inter!ie# members of a small community to determine#ho #as at the top of the social class ladder and #ho #as at the bottom, the socialscientist #ould be using #hich of the follo#ing measurement designs/

a. he ob4ecti!e #ealth method. b. he reputational method. c. he analytical method. d. he beha!ioral method.

Answer: !" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: '.3

*3. Ra4 comes from the lo#est class in his nati!e 0ndia ;the untouchablesD


11/19

d. %tatus error

Answer: c" Di##icult$: H" Applic%tion P%&e: '.'

*5. All of the follo#ing are reasons that marketers ha!e failed to use social class

information as effecti!ely as they could EFCE8: a. they ha!e ignored status inconsistency. b. they ha!e ignored intergenerational mobility. c. they ha!e ignored the social status of males in a t#o-income family. d. they ha!e ignored consumers" aspirations to change their class standing.

Answer: c" Di##icult$: H" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: '..

*+. When people are differentiated in terms of their aesthetic and intellectual preferences, a ((((((((((((( concept is being applied. a. taste culture

b. cultural code designation c. social cluster d. reference code

Answer: %" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: './

*>. %ocial class distinctions can be based on the #ays meanings are epressed andinterpreted by consumers. hese codes can be !ery !aluable for research study.Which of the follo#ing codes is dominant among the #orking classes/a. Elaborated codes.

b. %ophisticate codes. c. )acho codes. d. Restricted codes.

Answer: )" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: '.0

. 0f the upper rich buy shredded Ie!i"s 4eansD to #ear to formal parties, they are ehibiting a sophisticated form of conspicuous consumption kno#n as: a. in!idious distinction. b. pyramid climbing. c. parody display. d. do#nsiBing.

Answer: c" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: '/.

True5(%lse

1. )any Americans say they don"t make enough money, therefore, in reality, thea!erage American"s standard of li!ing has not impro!ed in se!eral years.

2*


12/19

Answer: (%lse" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''1

2. #o key reasons account for the a!erage American"s standard of li!ing increasing in recent years. hose reasons are a shift in #omen"s roles and increases in

educational attainment.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''1

'. he greatest reason that income le!els ha!e gone up for the a!erage American family is that the female ;#ife< in the family has gone into the #orkforce and, therefore,

increased the income-earning potential of the family.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: E" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''1

*. 0t is estimated that a college education is not #orth #hat it used to be. he fact is that

the a!erage college graduate only earns about 2 percent more than the high school graduate because of the increasing technical skills of the high school graduate.

Answer: (%lse" Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: ''1

. 9iscretionary income is the money a!ailable to a household o!er and abo!e that re6uired for a comfortable standard of li!ing.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''*

3. According to the money personalitiesD scheme proposed in the tet by Robert %ulli!an, someone #ho takes risks to get ahead is most likely to be in the hunterD

category.Answer: True" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: ''3+ T%!le 13,1

5. o designate an indi!idual"s social class, !ariables such as income, familybackground, and occupation should be eamined.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: '''

+. %ocial stratification refers to the creation of artificial di!isions in a society.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''/

>. here #ere eight social class di!isions in W. Iloyd Warner"s original social classscale.

Answer: (%lse" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''0

2*1


13/19

3. he $pper $pper class is characteriBed as being the capital % societyD #orld ofinherited #ealth.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''0+ (i&ure 13,1

31. he a!erage blue-collar family that is leading the #orking classD lifestyle is foundin the $pper )iddle class category of the contemporary !ie# of American class structure.

Answer: (%lse" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: ''0+ (i&ure 13,1

32. %ocial mobility identifies the ability to mo!e from one social class to another.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''-''

3'. Ale ord is a laid-off auto#orker. @e has mo!ed from a 3,-a-year 4ob to

#elfare. Ale is an eample of someone #ho has eperienceddo#n#ard mobility.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: ''

3*. %ocial class appears to be a poor predictor of purchases that ha!e symbolic aspects and lo# to moderate prices ;such as li6uor and cosmetics


14/19

3>. &eing able to distinguish bet#een fine #ines and those of lesser 6uality, kno#ingho# to act at a formal debutante ball, understanding Iatin, and kno#ing the social

elite in one"s city might all be eamples of &ourdieu"s concept of cultural capital.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: '.0

5. )any nou!eau riches ;ne# rich< are plagued by #hat is called status anietybecause they #ant to al#ays do the right thing.D

Answer: True" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: '/1

51. Eddie 4ust bought a ne# 8ro#ler. @e can hardly #ait to ha!e the guys at the office drool #hen they see him dri!e up in this etremely epensi!e purple hot rod.D

Eddie"s reason for purchase falls into the category described by horstein 7eblen asin!idious distinction.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: '/*-'/3

52. he phenomenon called conspicuous consumption is probably most e!ident in thepoorer classes #here buying things seems to be a #ay to rid a person of misery.

Answer: (%lse" Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: '/'

5'. Rachel doesn"t #ork, has a rich and successful husband, and lo!es to #ear high- heeled shoes, tight clothes, and flamboyant hairstyles. According to the #ritings of

7eblen, Rachel is #hat is called a billboard #ife.D

Answer: True" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: '/'-'/.

5*. he %ultan of a small )iddle-Eastern country recently held a la!ish party for ruling dignitaries celebrating the 1-year anni!ersary of his reign. At this ceremonial party

he ga!e outlandish presents, sho#ed off his #ealth, and demonstrated that he caredlittle #hat the poorer people of his country thought of him. he %ultan"s ceremonialparty is an eample of a potlatch.

Answer: True" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: '/.

5. )any t#enty-somethings ha!e rebelled against their more affluent parents by

mocking #ealth #ith such clothing as shredded 4eans, boy cars like ?eeps, andunderstated makeup. hese are eamples of #hat is called a modern potlatch.

Answer: (%lse" Di##icult$: M" Applic%tion P%&e: '/.

Ess%$ 6uestions

2*'


15/19

53. he a!erage American"s standard of li!ing continues to impro!e. his shift inincome has been linked to t#o key factors. What are these factors/ 8ro!ide eplanatorycomments on each factor.

Answer:

he t#o key factors appear to be the shift in #omen"s roles and increases in educationalattainment.

;a< he shift in #omen"s roles--there are more people in the #orkforce than e!er beforeand 3= percent of the increase is directly attributable to #omen entering the #orkforce.he 4obs #omen are taking are also 6uality 4obs that carry high salaries. his increase isa primary reason for the rapid gro#th of middle- and upper-income families.

;b< 0ncreases in educational attainment--college graduates earn about percent morethan those #ho ha!e only gone to high school.

Di##icult$: E" (%ct P%&e: ''1

55. Robert %ulli!an identified se!en money personalitiesD in the tet. Iist and brieflyprofile each of these money personalities.D

Answer:

he money personalities identified in the chapter are as follo#s:

;a< The Hunter--takes risks to get ahead.;b< The Gatherer--is better safe than sorry.;c< The Protector--puts others first.;d< The Splurger--tra!els first class or not at all.;e< The Striver--is controlled by money.;f< The Nester--needs 4ust enough to take care of self.;g< The Idealist--belie!es there"s more to life than money.

Note to Instructor: This question can be expanded and developed in other ways. Table

!. has a wealth o" in"or#ation that can be used in creative ways. It is reco##ended

that students be required to read this table i" accurate testing is to be obtained.

Di##icult$: H" Applic%tion P%&e: ''3+ T%!le 13,1

5+. 9escribe the concepts ofsocial strati"icationand achievedand ascribed status.

Answer:

Social strati"icationrefers to the creation of artificial di!isions in society. .....thoseprocesses in a social system by #hich scarce and !aluable resources are distributede6ually to status positions that become more or less permanently ranked in terms of theshare of !aluable resources each recei!es.

2**


16/19

$chieved status--resources go to those people #ho ha!e earned them through hard #orkor diligent study.

$scribed status--re#ards go to those people that #ere lucky enough to be born rich or

beautiful. %uch good fortune reflects ascribed status.

Di##icult$: M" (%ct P%&e: ''/-''0

5>. A contemporary !ie# of the American social class structure is presented in the tet.ake each of the ma4or categories and list them. Let, supply a brief comment thatcharacteriBes each of these ma4or categories.

Answer:

%pper $#ericansinclude:

$pper-$pper ;.'< he capital % society,D #orld of inherited #ealth.Io#er-$pper ;1.2< he ne#er social elite, dra#n from current professionals.$pper-)iddle ;12.< he rest of college graduate managers and professionals, lifestylecenters on pri!ate clubs, causes, and the arts.

&iddle $#ericansinclude:

)iddle Class ;'2< A!erage pay #hite-collarD #orkers and their blue-collarD friendsJli!e on the better side of to#nDJ try to do the proper things.Working Class ;'+< A!erage pay blue-collarD #orkersJ lead #orking class lifestyleD#hate!er the income, school, background, and 4ob are.

'ower $#ericansinclude:

A lo#er group of people, but not the lo#estD ;>< Working, not on #elfareJ li!ingstandard is 4ust abo!e po!ertyJ beha!ior 4udged crude,D trashy.DReal Io#er-Io#erD ;5< Kn #elfare, !isibly po!erty-strickenJ usually out of #ork ;orha!e the dirtiest 4obs


17/19

+1. What are the general components of social class/ Eplain and comment on eachcomponent ;such as #hich is most important


18/19

Kne approach to studying social classes is to eamine codes ;the #ays meanings areepressed and interpreted by consumers


19/19

Answer:

(onspicuous consu#ption;a phrase coined by 7eblen< refers to people"s desire topro!ide prominent !isible e!idence of their ability to afford luury goods. Related to this#as the in!idious distinction role played by luury products.

orms might include:;a< he billboard #ife--a spouse that symboliBes #ealth and beauty.;b< he modern potlatch--a host that sho#s #ealth by gi!ing etra!agant parties andgifts to guests.;c< he leisure class--people for #hom producti!e #ork is taboo. he idle richD are agood eample of this class. Kften associated #ith ;a< abo!e.;d< 8arody display--do the re!erse of sho#ing off #ealth. A rich person that do#n-dresses ;shredded and torn 4eans< to sho# anti-fashion because they can because they arerich.

Di##icult$: M" (%ct %n) Applic%tion P%&e: '/*-'//

2*+

chapter12income and social class

Documents