chapter14

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14 Management, Motivation and Leadership: Bringing Business to Life

©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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©2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Management, Motivation and Leadership:Bringing Business to Life

• What is the role of management and why is it important to organizational success?

• What are the key theories and current practices of motivation?

• What are the categories of business planning?

• What is strategic planning?

• What is the purpose of organizing as a management function?

• What is the role of managerial leadership and key leadership roles?

• What is the management control process?

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Bringing Resources to Life

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Achieving the goals of an organization through planning,

organizing, leading, and controlling organizational

resources including people, money and time.

PLANNING

CONTROLLING

LEADINGORGANIZING

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Management Hierarchy: Levels of Responsibility

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© 2009 South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning

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TopManagement

MiddleManagement

First LineManagement

• Articulate Vision• Establish Priorities

• Facilitate Communication• Coordinate Teams

• Train, Motivate, Evaluate Employees

• Manage Daily Processes

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Management Skills: Having What it Takes to Get the Job Done

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Motivation: Lighting the Fire

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• Good managers motivate others to reach their best

• Motivated workers feel great about work

• Workers who feel good, produce more

• Diverse range of motivation theories

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Theories of Motivation: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

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Theories of Motivation: Theory X and Theory Y

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Theory X Assumptions Theory Y Assumptions

Workers dislike work and will avoid it

Work is as natural as play or rest—workers do not dislike it

Fear is motivating—coercion and threats are vital

Rewards can motivate—people can exercise self-direction and self-control

People prefer to be directed, avoiding responsibility

People can accept, and even seek responsibility

Imagination, creativity, and ingenuity is widely distributed

Intellectual capacity of average workers is underutilized

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Theories of Motivation: Job Enrichment

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Creating jobs with meaningful content, creative work:

Skill Variety

Task Identity

Task Significance

Autonomy

Feedback

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Theories of Motivation: Expectancy Theory

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Relationship among individual effort, individual performance

and individual reward

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Theory of Motivation: Equity Theory

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Perception of fairness directly impacts worker

motivation

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Motivation Today

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• Range of motivation approaches

• Engaged and productive workers

• Emphasis on corporate culture

• Expanded incentives

• Focus on training and development

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Planning: Figuring Out Where to Go and How to Get There

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The planning function is core to effective

management. The best plans keep the organization

on track, but flexible.

• Cut Throat Competition

• Rapid Change

• Economic Uncertainty

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Planning: Figuring Out Where to Go and How to Get There

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Type of Planning

Management Level

Examples of Planning Questions and Concerns

Strategic Planning

Senior Management

• Should we acquire a new company?• Should we outsource?

Tactical Planning

Middle Management

• Should we invest in new equipment?• Should we spend fewer ad dollars?

Operational Planning

First line management

• How should employees be scheduled? • How should customers be greeted?

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Contingency Planning

How should we respond if our competitors start a price war?

What should we do if the government regulates our industry?

How can we restart our business if a natural disaster destroys our plant?

How will we evacuate employees if terrorists strike our headquarters?

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Contingency Planning Paradigm

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Strategic Planning: Setting the Agenda

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• Define the mission

• Evaluate competitive position

• Set goals

• Create strategies

• Implement strategies

• Evaluate results and incorporate lessons

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Defining Your Mission

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Organization’s purpose, values, and core goals, providing the framework for all other plans.

State Farm's mission is to help people manage the risks of everyday life, recover from the unexpected and realize their dreams.

Google's mission is to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful.

Nike’s mission is to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete* in the world. *If you have a body, you are an athlete.

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Evaluating Your Competitive Position: SWOT Analysis

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Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)

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Setting Your Strategic Goals

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Creating Your Strategies SWOT is a starting point Respond to environment Dynamic and flexible

Implementing Your Strategies Tactical planning Coordination of middle

managersEvaluating Your Results and

Incorporating Lessons Continual process Controlling function Factor in lessons

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Goal Setting: Getting it Right

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Organizing: Fitting Together the Puzzle Pieces

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• Logical structure for people, their jobs, and interaction

• Multiple options for structure

• Managers consider:

Goals and objectives Products Technology Size Competitors

• Logical structure for people, their jobs, and interaction

• Multiple options for structure

• Managers consider:

Goals and objectives Products Technology Size Competitors

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Organization Chart

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Key Organization Considerations

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• Degree of Centralization

• Span of Control

• Departmentalization

Functional Product Customer Geographical Process

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Organizational Models

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Staff Managers – provide advice and assistance.

Legal, Accounting, HR

Line Organization – clear, simple

chain of command.

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Matrix Organization

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Project Manager

Matrix Organization – • Brings together specialists to work on projects. • No clear chain of command• Effective for project type work

Functional Manager

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Hybrid Departmentalization

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Leadership: Directing and Inspiring

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Leadership Style

• Autocratic leaders hoard decision-making power for themselves.

• Democratic leaders share power with their followers.

• Free-reign leaders set objectives for their followers but give them freedom to choose how they accomplish those goals.

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Leadership: Power & Influence

Leadership traits go hand-and-hand with power and influence

•Position provides a leader formal authority to either reward or punish.

•Expertise comes from a person’s abilities and experience.

•Personality comes from a person’s character.

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Controlling: Making Sure It All Works

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1. Establish clear performance standards

2. Measure actual performance against standards

3. Take corrective action if necessary

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Looking Back

• What is the role of management and why is it important to organizational success?

• What are the key theories and current practices of motivation?

• What are the categories of business planning?

• What is strategic planning?

• What is the purpose of organizing as a management function?

• What is the role of managerial leadership and key leadership roles?

• What is the management control process?32

chapter14

Documents

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management hierarchy

role of management

accessible website

management function

management skills

theories of motivation

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