chapter+2+ +the+database+development+process
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
1/37
2007 by Prentice Hall 1
Chapter 2:The Database DevelopmentProcess
Modern Database Management8 th Edition
Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott,Fred R. McFadden
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
2/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 2
ObjectivesDefinition of termsDescribe system development life cycleExplain prototyping approach
Explain roles of individualsExplain three-schema approachExplain role of packaged data modelsExplain three-tiered architectures
Explain scope of database design projectsDraw simple data models
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
3/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 3
Enterprise Data Model
First step in database developmentSpecifies scope and general content
Overall picture of organizational data at highlevel of abstractionEntity-relationship diagram
Descriptions of entity typesRelationships between entitiesBusiness rules
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
4/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 4
Figure 2-1 Segment from enterprise data model
Enterprise data modeldescribes the high-level entities in an
organization and therelationship betweenthese entities
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
5/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 5
Information Systems Architecture(ISA)
Conceptual blueprint for organizations desiredinformation systems structureConsists of:
Data (e.g. Enterprise Data Model simplified ERDiagram)Processes data flow diagrams, processdecomposition, etc.Data Network topology diagram
People people management using projectmanagement tools (Gantt charts, etc.)Events and points in time (when processes are
performed)Reasons for events and rules (e.g., decision tables)
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
6/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 6
Information Engineering A data-oriented methodology to create andmaintain information systemsTop-down planning a generic IS planningmethodology for obtaining a broadunderstanding of the IS needed by the entireorganizationFour steps to Top-Down planning:
Planning AnalysisDesignImplementation
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
7/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 7
Information Systems Planning
Purpose align information technologywith organizations business strategies
Three steps:1. Identify strategic planning factors2. Identify corporate planning objects
3. Develop enterprise model
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
8/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 8
Identify Strategic Planning
FactorsOrganization goals what we hope toaccomplishCritical success factors what MUST workin order for us to surviveProblem areas weaknesses we now have
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
9/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 9
Identify Corporate PlanningObjects
Organizational units departments
Organizational locationsBusiness functions groups of businessprocesses
Entity types the things we are trying tomodel for the databaseInformation systems application programs
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
10/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 10
Develop Enterprise Model
Functional decompositionIterative process breaking system description
into finer and finer detail
Enterprise data model
Planning matrixesDescribe inter relationshipsbetween planning objects
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
11/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 11
Example of process decomposition of an orderfulfillment function (Pine Valley Furniture)
Decomposition = breakinglarge tasks into smaller tasksin a hierarchical structurechart
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
12/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 12
Planning MatrixesDescribe relationships between planningobjects in the organizationTypes of matrixes:
Function-to-data entityLocation-to-functionUnit-to-function
IS-to-data entitySupporting function-to-data entityIS-to-business objective
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
13/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 13
Example business function-to-data entity matrix
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
14/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 14
Two Approaches to Databaseand IS Development
SDLCSystem Development Life CycleDetailed, well-planned development processTime-consuming, but comprehensiveLong development cycle
PrototypingRapid application development (RAD)Cursory attempt at conceptual data modelingDefine database during development of initialprototypeRepeat implementation and maintenance activitieswith new prototype versions
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
15/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 15
Systems Development Life Cycle
Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
16/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 16
Systems Development Life Cycle
Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Planning Purpose preliminary understandingDeliverable request for study
Database activity enterprise modeling andearly conceptual datamodeling
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
17/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 17
Systems Development Life Cycle
Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Analysis
Purpose thorough requirements analysis andstructuringDeliverable functional system specifications
Database activity Thoroughand integrated conceptualdata modeling
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
18/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 18
Systems Development Life Cycle
Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical DesignLogical Design
Purpose information requirements elicitationand structureDeliverable detailed design specifications
Database activity logical database design(transactions, forms,displays, views, dataintegrity and security)
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
19/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 19
Systems Development Life Cycle
Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Physical Design
Purpose develop technology andorganizational specificationsDeliverable program/datastructures, technology purchases,organization redesigns
Database activity physical database design (definedatabase to DBMS, physicaldata organization, databaseprocessing programs)
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
20/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 20
Systems Development Life Cycle(see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)
Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Implementation
Purpose programming, testing, training,installation, documentingDeliverable operational programs,documentation, training materials
Database activity database implementation,including coded programs,documentation,installation and conversion
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
21/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 21
Systems Development Life Cycle(see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)
Planning
Analysis
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Logical Design
Maintenance
Purpose monitor, repair, enhanceDeliverable periodic audits
Database activity database maintenance,performance analysisand tuning, errorcorrections
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
22/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 22
Prototyping Database Methodology
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
23/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 23
Prototyping Database Methodology
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
24/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 24
Prototyping Database Methodology
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
25/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 25
Prototyping Database Methodology
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
26/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 26
Prototyping Database Methodology
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
27/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 27
CASEComputer-Aided Software Engineering(CASE) software tools providing automatedsupport for systems development
Three database features:Data modeling drawing entity-relationshipdiagrams
Code generation SQL code for table creationRepositories knowledge base of enterpriseinformation
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
28/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 28
Packaged Data Models
Model components that can be purchased,customized, and assembled into full-scale datamodels
AdvantagesReduced development timeHigher model quality and reliability
Two types:Universal data modelsIndustry-specific data models
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
29/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 29
Managing ProjectsProject a planned undertaking of relatedactivities to reach an objective that has abeginning and an end
Involves use of review points for: Validation of satisfactory progressStep back from detail to overall viewRenew commitment of stakeholders
Incremental commitment review ofsystems development project after eachdevelopment phase with rejustificationafter each phase
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
30/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 30
Managing Projects: People Involved
Business analystsSystems analystsDatabase analysts and data modelers
UsersProgrammersDatabase architectsData administratorsProject managersOther technical experts
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
31/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 31
Database Schema
Physical SchemaPhysical structures covered in Chapters 5 and 6
Conceptual SchemaE-R models covered in Chapters 3 and 4
External SchemaUser ViewsSubsets of Conceptual SchemaCan be determined from business-function/dataentity matricesDBA determines schema for different users
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
32/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 32
Different people
have differentviews of thedatabasethese
are the externalschema
The internalschema is theunderlyingdesign andimplementation
Three-schema architecture
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
33/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 33
Developing the three-tiered architecture
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
34/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 34
Three-tiered client/server database architecture
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
35/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 35
Pine Valley Furniture
Segment of project data model (Figure 2-11)
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
36/37
2007 by Prentice HallChapter 2 36
Four relations (Pine Valley Furniture)
-
8/13/2019 Chapter+2+ +the+Database+Development+Process
37/37
2007 b P ti H llCh 2 37
Four relations (Pine Valley Furniture) (cont.)