©2008 Cengage Higher Education

An Invitation to Health

Prepared by: Andrew Owusu Ph.D.

Chapter 2: Emotional and Spiritual

Well-Being

Chapter 2 ObjectivesIdentify the characteristics of emotional and mental health.

Name the two pillars of authentic happiness.

Explain the health values of connecting with others.

Discuss some of the health benefits of prayer.

Describe four ways that sleep affects well-being.

Assess your spiritual health and make a decision to enrich it in at least two ways.

Psychological Well-Being

Emotional Health

Mental Health

Our ability to perceive reality as it is, to respond to its challenges,

and to develop rational strategies for living

The ability to expressand acknowledge one’s

feelings and moods.

CultureBrings people together, strengthen their bonds, reinforce the

values and beliefs they share, and provide a sense of belonging, meaning, and purpose.

The Three Pillars of Positive Psychology

PositiveEmotions

Positive Traits PositiveInstitutions

“Treatment is not just fixing what is

broken, it is nurturing

what is best within ourselves”.

Emotional Intelligence

• Definition• A term used by some psychologists to

evaluate the capacity of people to understand themselves and relate well to others.

• Emotional Quotient (EQ)• The ability to monitor and use emotions to

guide thinking and actions.• High EQ = increased productivity at work and

happiness at home.• High EQ = decreased incidence of stress,

depression and anxiety, and quicker recovery from serious illness.

The Lessons of Positive Psychology

Knowing Your Needs

The Maslow Pyramid

Self-actualization

Clarifying Your Values

Instrumental values

Terminal values

The Pursuit of Self-Esteem

Confidence and satisfaction in oneself

Fig. 2-1, p. 37

Self-actualizationFulfillment of

one’s potential

Self-esteemRespect for self,

respect for others

Love and affectionAbility to give and receive

affection; feeling of belonging

Safety-securityAbility to protect oneself from harm

Physiological needsFulfillment of needs for food, water,

shelter, sleep, sexual expression

The Maslow Pyramid

Authentic Happiness

Two Pillars to Authentic Happiness

I.Engagement with family, work or a passionate pursuit and

II.Finding meaning from some higher purpose

Factors Affecting Happiness

Humor

Genetics

Optimism

Love and Faith

Wealth, Health and Age

Life Events

Feeling in Control

Autonomy• The ability to draw on

internal resources; independence from familial and societal influences.

Locus of Control• An individual’s belief

about the source of power and influence over his or her life.

• Internal vs. external locus of control

Feeling in Control

Assertion• Behaving in a confident

manner to make your needs and desires clear to others in non-hostile ways.• Use “I” Statements to

explain your feelings• Listen to and acknowledge

others• Be direct and specific• Be assertive, not

obnoxious

Connecting with Others

• Connectedness vs. social isolation

• Face shyness and social anxiety.

• Join groups.• Participate in projects

or activities.• Surround yourself

with personal acquaintances.

Spiritual Health

• The ability to identify one’s basic purpose in life and to achieve one’s full potential; the sense of connectedness to a greater power.

• It gives a strong sense of purpose, values, morals and ethics.

• Individuals who pray regularly, stay healthier and live longer than those who rarely or never do.

Spiritual Intelligence

• The capacity to sense, understand, and tap into the highest parts of ourselves, others, and the world around us.

• Focuses on the discovery of wisdom within.

Spirituality

Gratitude

Appreciation, not just for a special gift, but for everything that makes life a bit better.

Forgiveness

To let go of all anger and pain that demand time and waste energy.

Altruism

Acts of helping or giving to others without thought of self-benefit.

Prayer

•Prayer may foster a state of peace and calm that could lead to beneficial changes in the cardiovascular and immune systems.•Membership in a faith community providesan identity as well as support

What Happens When We Sleep?• Stage 1

• A twilight zone between full wakefulness and sleep.• The brain produces small, irregular, rapid electrical waves.

• Stage 2• Brain waves larger with occasional bursts of electrical activity.• Eyes unresponsive and bodily functions slow.

• Stage 3 and 4• The most profound state of unconsciousness • The brain produces slower, larger waves.• “Delta” or slow-wave sleep.

• REM sleep• Vivid dreaming• Brain waves resemble those of waking more than quiet sleep.

These stages are repeated four or five times a night.

Stages of Sleep

Fig 2-2, p. 49

Sleep Disorders

Insomnia

Snoring and Sleep Apnea

Movement Disorders

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

How to Sleep Like a Baby

• Aim for ~7-1/2 hours of sleep per night

• Go to bed and wake up at the same time each day.

• Develop a sleep ritual.• Don’t drink coffee late in

the day.• Don’t rely on alcohol to get

to sleep.• Limit daytime naps if you

sleep poorly at night.