Chapter4

Starting Finishing and Styling

Introductions

First impressions are everything!• Gain Audience Attention in the first 90 seconds

• Use a quote!• Tell a story!• Pose questions!• Say something startling!• Use humor!• Refer to the occasion!• Create common ground!

Motivate the Audience to Accept Your Goals!

1. The topic is relevant!

2. You are qualified to address it!

Make Your Topic Relevant

Describe the practical implications.

Convince them that your speech has a purpose.

Convince them that you share the same values.

Are You Qualified?

Simply share why you are qualified? (Brag a little…it’s really okay.)

Emphasize some experience, knowledge, or perspective you have that is different from or more extensive than that of your audience.

Conclusion

Signal to the audience that the speech is coming to an end and provide closure.

Summarize the key points

Reiterate the topic and speech purpose

Challenge the audience to respond

End the speech memorably

Signal the Close of the Speech and Provide Closure

Say:• “In conclusion…”

• “Finally…”

• “In review…”

Never Say:• “That is all I have for you…”

• “I’m done…”

Summarizing Key Points

“Tell them what you are going to tell them. (Introduction)

Tell them. (Body)

Tell the what you already told them. (Conclusion).” (p. 115).

Reiterate the Topic and Speech Purpose

The conclusion should reiterate the topic and speech purpose-to imprint it on the audience’s memory.

Challenge the Audience to Respond

Informative Speech-challenge the audience members to use what they have learned in a way that will benefit them.

Persuasive Speech- requires a call to action.• Call to Action-

Make the Speech Memorable

Use the same devices for capturing the audience’s attention.• Quotes• Stories• Questions• Startling Statements• Humor• References to the Audience

Using Your Language!

Style- The specific word choices and rhetorical devices (techniques of language) that speakers use to express their ideas.

Rhetorical Devices- A technique of language used to achieve a desired effect.

Figures of Speech- Expressions, such as metaphors, similes, analogies, and hyperbole, in which words are used in a non-literal fashion

Using Your Language!

Simile- A figure of speech used to compare one thing with another by using the words “like or “as” (exp: He works like a dog”).Metaphor- A figure of speech used to make implicit comparison without the use of “like” or “as” (exp: Love is a rose).Analogy- An extended metaphor or simile that compares an unfamiliar concept or process with a more familiar one in order to help the listener understand the one that is unfamiliar.Voice- A feature of verbs in written and spoken text that indicates the subject’s relationship to the action; verbs can be either active or passive.Anaphora- A Rhetorical device in which the speaker repeats a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.Parallelism- The arrangement of words, phrases, or sentences in similar grammatical and stylistic form. Parallel structure can help the speaker emphasize important ideas in the speech.Antithesis- A rhetorical device in which two ideas are set off in balanced (parallel) opposition to one another.

Chapter4

Starting Finishing and Styling