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Smart Card Based Prepaid Electronic Energy Meter

Chapter 5

TESTING

Testing of various blocks of the whole circuit

5.1 Testing of power supply

The power supply is tested by connecting a resistive .it draws 100mA and the

voltage across the load was found out to be constant 5v,3v.

5.2 Testing of energy measuring circuit

Energy chip circuit used for calculating energy was tested. It was found to provide

energy pulses at desired interval; along with this it provides various other signals such

as LED output and ELT indication.

The circuit was tested taking three different loads

DOEACC CENTRE, AURANAGABAD 104

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LOAD ACTUAL POWER

CONSUMED

TIME REQUIRED

FOR 0.01 Kwh

TIME TAKEN

FOR 0.01 Kwh

200W

BULB

166.5 W 216.2 Sec 215 Sec

100 WBULB

90.5 W 397.7 Sec 394 Sec

10W

BULB

11W 54.32 Min 53 Min

Table 5.1 Load Testing

5.3 Testing of microcontroller circuit

Microcontroller and its associated circuit were tested. It was found to take input

pulses from energy measuring unit. It processes the read out andshows on LCD. It

communicated with smart card when it is inserted and read the units and modified

accordingly. Along with it updated the smart card.

5.4 Testing of LCDlcd

The LCD displays the PRESENT UNIT, BALANCE UNIT, TIME, DATE and

various written messages if the mains switched off also on power backup with battery.

5.5 Testing of smart card unit

The smart card unit was found to communicate with the microcontroller properly.

After it was inserted the stored units was emptied and it was loaded with meter number

and date and time of use.

5.6 Testing of various alarms

The alarms which consist of three LEDs and a buzzer were found to be activated

at proper time.

5.7 Testing of real time clockThe real time clock shows the time and date with stamping meter number.


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5.8 Testing of serial EEPROM

The serial EEPROM found to contain the data that are stored before power

failure, so that meter starts from the previous condition.

5.9 Testing Of Load Connection /Disconnection Unit

The load connection and disconnection unit which consist of solid state relay

,connected load to supply after inserting smart card and disconnected when balance

became zero.

5.10 Results

Comparison of part# wise components power consumption of meter from Mr. Rajesh and Mr.Prasanna calculated by Prasanna

Component

By Mr. Rajesh By Mr. Prasanna

Part#

Currentc

onsumption

Voltagec

onsumption

Powerc

onsumption

Part#

Currentc

onsumption

Voltagec

onsumption

Power

consumption

Micro

controller

PIC

16F877

25mA 5V 125mW

MSP

430

FE42X

0.4mA 3V 1.2mW

RTC DS1307 15mA 5V 75mW

Built in micro controller it selfEEPROM AT4202A 10mA 5V 25mWENERGY

Chip

SA2007P 10mA 5V 50mW

Display 24x4-

LCD

Back light

+driving

by c

28mA+

5mA=3

3mA

5V 140mW+

25mW=

165mW

SBLCD

AX

7mA

(Drive by

c).

3V 21mW

Line driver Not

required

- - - MAX23

3EPP

10mA 5V 50mW

Smart Card

reader/writer

SR90

Reader/w

50mA 5V 250mW ACR30

SP

50mA 5V 250mW


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& card type riter,

SLE4442

Reader/

writer,

SLE

4442

Relay Solid

State

15mA 5V 75mW Solid

State

15mA 5V 75mW

Voltage

regulator

7805 158mA 2V 316mW 7805+

TPS77

030

82.4mA

2V

1V

247.2m

W

Current

transformer

1000:1 200mA 1V 200mVA 1000:1 200mA 1V 200mVA

Potential

transformer

9-0-9

Used

here for

voltage

sensing +

power

supply to

components.

160mA 9V 1.42W 6-0-6 83mA 6V 498mW

Passive

components

0.4W 0.1W

Total 360mA 47V 3.1W 365.4mA 31V 1.22W

Comparison of power consumption by previous batch

By Rajesh By Prasanna

Theoretical 3.1Watt. 1.22Watt.

Practical - 1.28Watt


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Chapter 6

CONCLUSIONS

6.1 Contribution

Contribution of Prasanna Kumar Overview mentioned in below table

Sr.No

Contribution Outcome in brief Status

1. Internet survey differentenergy chips available inmarket

AS8267 chip=Atmel 8051+DSP,AVR465 for moreinformation refer data sheets of energy chips,Smart card security aspects, AES Utility

Completed

2. Selected componentsoperate on low powerconsumption, suitable forenergy meter application.

Part# MSP430FE427X(X=A,2),SBLCDA4, PT of6-0-6, Solid state Relay chassis Selected becauseof it has more memory compare to FE423 in cbut I used in application MSP430FE427 which hassame as FE427X, SBLCDA2 because of marketavailability, Soft Baugh part#DE427 Energy MeterApplication reference board.

Completed

3. Comparison and Verificationwork done for reduction of

power consumption ofenergy meter by Mr. Rajeshtheoretically and practicallyof energymeter

Reduced power consumption of energy meterfrom Rajesh batch. Mr.Prasanna developed meter

power consumption Theoretically-1.22W,Practically-1.28W

Completed

4. Smart CardReader/writer interfacingits testing.

PCs com port byusing RS232protocol.

Smart Card reader hardware connection andtested smart card functions.

Completed.

Implementation

Security Access tosmart card.

3-byte reference, card balance set to zero after

updating and check the memory value.

Completed


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5. Energy meter code

development Using IAR

Embedded Work Bench

IDE for MSP430 c.

Calibration, LCD display, Frequency locked loop,Port function, UART communication, SMARTCARD Reader/Writer.

Completed

6. Provide communicationport so that data can beretrieved through pcwhenever necessarythrough software withonline monitoringaspects.

Through AES (Access Easy Controller Software)Utility for Data Base Completed


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Chapter 7

FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

7.1 Suggestion for future work

The prepaid meter can be designed to display various parameters Such as VRMS ,

IRMS, and Instantaneous Power.

The meters to be made more tamper proof and intelligent so that the utility

company can have every information of each consumer meter.

Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)

The present meter can be modified to incorporate AMR feature. In Automatic

meter reading the every consumer meter can be connected to a centralized

system over either power line communication or mobile link. In this system each

and every parameter of the energy meter can be monitored on line and charging

of meters can also be done online. Tampering of meter can be immediately

tracked by the utility company.

The present prepaid meter has an energy chip and microcontroller. As a further

step these two units can be put into a single chip using VLSI which will reduce

the cost of the meter.

To implements bellow security aspects authentication

S/w must be capable to differentiate between system conditions and actualtampers

Now a day microcontroller which is available in soc can be used for the

communication like RF radio frequency communication can be used for remote

metering purpose.

Demand measurement.

Demand: average power required during a defined time, normally called Demand IntegrationPeriod (DIP)


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Rising demand:

Average Demand=Energy consumed in Demand Integration Period/Demand Integration

Period time(in hours)

Rising Demand at elapsed time t1=Energy consumed in time t1/DIPtime (in hours)

The present prepaid meter has an energy chip and microcontroller. As a further

step these two units can be put into a single chip using VLSI which will reduce

the cost of the meter.

Now a day microcontroller which is available in soc can be used for the communication

like RF radio frequency communication can be used for remote metering purpose.

Components and Work Status: Microcontroller and its supported soft wares and code

developed in function wise, peripheral Components used by different batches:

Components Mr.Pratip Kumar

Parida

2003/M/09.

Mr. Pandurang Awate2006/M/06.

Mr.V. Prasanna Kumar2007/M/04.

Micro Controller(c)-chip

PIC 16F8775V i/p supply

MSP430FE423(System on chip),This c contains peripherals of

EEPROM, Energymeasurement chip, ADC,

MSP430FE427(System on chip),This c contains peripherals of

EEPROM, Energy measurementchip,ADC,UART

EEPROM AT24C020A

Energymeasurement

SA2007P


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chip UART,Real Time Controller,Display driver,3Volts i/p supply,8KB Flash, 256B RAM.

Real Time Controller, Displaydriver,3Volts i/p supply, 32KB Flash,1024B RAM.

RTC DS1307Real Time Clock

Liquid CrystalDisplay

20X4 static

Ability to displaynumbers, charactersand graphics. whichare limited tonumbers and fewcharacters.More powerconsumption it takesbecause of this iscontrast to LEDs itis driven by externalpower supply of5Volts,in case of

Rajesh 24X4 LCD

Not Used

SBLCDA2

Ability to display numbers,characters and segments whichincludes special symbols likeAntenna signal strength in realtime, Progress bar for convenientuser feedback, Battery powerback-up, which takes less powerconsumption because of it isdriven by 3Volts from c.[nowanother display came in themarket which contain addition ofabove mentioned features+multifunctional display( Tx, Rx,

Messages) with reducing the costof $1.9 compares to SBLCDA2]

Line driver Not requiredbecause he didntuse serial port.

MAX232 used, It drives oneRS232 connection is used forUSART communication Withoutadditional Analog circuit.

MAX233EPP used, It drivesmaximum 2 RS232 connectionsfor USART communication,Database With out additionalAnalog circuit.

Currenttransformer

1000:1 1000:1 1000:1

Voltagetransformer

9-0-9 9-0-9 6-0-6

VoltageRegulator

7805 Used external power supply. 7805,TPS77033

Smartcardreader/writer

SR90 smart cardreader/writer withSLE4442 Smartcard

Not used ACR30SP smart card reader/writerSLE4442 Smart card.

Relay Single phase Solidstate relayJDA48100

Not used. Single phase Solid state relayJDA48100

Battery Not used. Not used. 2 batteries of 3Volts.

Passivecomponents

Capacitors,resistors,transistors,switches, Diodes,Inductors,zener diodes,Crystals-32.768hz,various alarms(Blinking ofLEDs, buzzer).

Capacitors, resistors,Crystals-32.768hz,COM port, JTAG.

Capacitors, resistors, transistors,switches, Diodes, zener diodes,Inductors,Crystals-32.768hzCOM port, JTAG, various alarms(Blinking ofLEDs, buzzer).


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Soft waresused.

Micro chipIDE(Integrateddevelopmentenvironment)

IAR Embedded work Bench forMSP 430 (IDE), PCs Hyperterminal.

IAR Embedded work Bench forMSP 430(IDE), Data logger forRS232 terminal for card reader,AES Utility (Access Easy Controlsoftware) for Data base

Function wise

codeDevelopment

Energy calculations,

Display codemessages,Date and timein offline

Energy calculations, Display at

hyper terminal messages,RTC,Date and timein real time.

Calibration, LCD display,

Frequency locked loop, Portfunction, UART communication,SMART CARD Reader/Writer,Date and timein real time.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

References:

1 Albert D. Helfrick & William D. Cooper, Modern Electronic Instrumentation and

Measurement Techniques, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd.

2 A. K. Sawhney, Electrical and Electronics Measurement and Instrumentation


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3 N.C. Goyal & R. K. Khetan, A monograph on Electronics Design Principles,

Khanna publishers.

4 A Text book of Electrical Technology, by B. L. Thereja and A.L. Thereja ,

S.Chand Publishers.

5 Embedded Systems, by Raj Kamal.

6 Smart Cards Today Magazine.

7 Texas instruments Data Sheets

MSP430F4XX Family user guide-SLAU056g.

MSP430FE42X ESP430CE1 peripheral module Users guide slau134b.

MSP430FE427X

Implementing an Electronic Watt-Hour Meter with the MSP430FE42x

Devicesapplication report slaa203c.

Interfacing an EEPROM to the MSP430 I2C Module application report-slaa208

Implementing a Real-Time Clock on the MSP430-slaa076AMSP430 32-kHz Crystal Oscillators-SLAA322Software I2C Slave Using the MSP430-SLAA330

8. ACRSP30 Smart card Reader/Writer reference Manual.

9. Soft Baugh(SB) LCDA2,LCDA4 Datasheets

9. SLE 4442 card datasheet.10 www.efy.com

11 www.microchip.com

12 www.analog.com

13 www.beeindia.com

14 www.metering.com

15 www.ieee.com

16. www.smartsecurity.com

17. www.softbaugh.com

http://www.efy.com/http://www.microchip.com/http://www.analog.com/http://www.beeindia.com/http://www.metering.com/http://www.ieee.com/http://www.smartsecurity.com/http://www.efy.com/http://www.microchip.com/http://www.analog.com/http://www.beeindia.com/http://www.metering.com/http://www.ieee.com/http://www.smartsecurity.com/

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