chapter9ppt 100525150233-phpapp01
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Chapter 9. Drafting and Revising Definitions and Descriptions © 2007 by Bedford/St. Martin's 1
Two Uses of Definitions
• Definitions clarify a description. For instance, a zoologist who has discovered a new animal species names and defines it.
• Definitions help specialists communicate with less knowledgeable readers.
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Chapter 9. Drafting and Revising Definitions and Descriptions © 2007 by Bedford/St. Martin's 2
Types of Definitions
• parenthetical
• sentence
• extended
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Chapter 9. Drafting and Revising Definitions and Descriptions © 2007 by Bedford/St. Martin's 3
Standard Pattern for Sentence Definitions
Item = Category + Distinguishing Characteristics
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Chapter 9. Drafting and Revising Definitions and Descriptions © 2007 by Bedford/St. Martin's 4
Guidelines for Writing Effective Sentence Definitions
• Be specific in stating the category and the distinguishing characteristics.
• Don't describe a specific item if you are defining a general class of items.
• Avoid writing circular definitions: definitions that merely repeat the key words or the distinguishing characteristics of the item being defined in the category.
• Be sure the category contains a noun or a noun phrase rather than a phrase beginning with when, what, or where.
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Chapter 9. Drafting and Revising Definitions and Descriptions © 2007 by Bedford/St. Martin's 5
Techniques Used in Extended Definitions
• graphics
• examples
• partition
• principle of operation
• comparison and contrast
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Chapter 9. Drafting and Revising Definitions and Descriptions © 2007 by Bedford/St. Martin's 6
Techniques Used in Extended Definitions (cont.)
• analogy
• negation
• etymology
• history of the term