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TRANSCRIPT
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Pons: Ventral Surface
Pontine protuberance Pontine sulcus
Cranial nerves Abducens Facial Vesitbulochoclear Trigeminal
Oculomotor Trochlear
Cerebral peduncle
foot of the cortex[cerebrum]
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Pons: 2 Divisions
Basis PontisPontine nuclei
Corticospinal tract
Corticobulbar tract
Cortcopontocerebellar
tract Rapid correction of
movements
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Pons: 2 Divisions Tegmentum
Reticular formation Specific sensory lemniscal
system Medial lemniscus
Trigeminal Spinothalamic
Central tegmental tract Basal ganglia -> midbrain ->
inferior olive
Locus ceruleus Involved in Parkinsons,
Alzheimers, Downs syndrome Output to:
Cortex, cerebellum,hippocampus, hypothalamus,and spinal cord
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve: CochlearDivision
Organ of CortiAuditory organ
Dorsal cochlear
nucleusHigh-frequency
sound
Ventral cochlearnucleus
Low-frequencysound
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve: CochlearDivision
Dorsal acoustic stria Ventral acoustic
stria
Aka trapezoid body
Intermediate
acoustic stria
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve: CochlearDivision
Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculatenucleus
Thalamus
Auditory cortex
Heschels gyrus
Temporal lobe
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Olivocochlear bundle Origin: periolivary area
Destination: Organ of Corti
Feedback to hair cells
Possible functions
Protective against loud sound
Frequency selectivitySelective auditory attention
Example: speech in noisybackground
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve: vestibularDivision
Semicircular canals Angular acceleration
Utricle/Saccule
Linear accelerationGravity
Scarpas ganglion
Location of cell bodies Vestibular nerve
Vestibular nuclei
Cerebellum
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Input to Vestibular Nuclei
Vestibular nerve Spinal cord
Cerebellum Vestibular cortex
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Output of the Vestibular Nuclei
Spinal cordLateral vestibulospinal tract
Facilitate flexor motor neurons
Medial vestibulospinal tract
Facilitate extensor motorneurons
Dorsal motor nucleus of thevagus
Motion sickness
Nausea, sweating, vomiting
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Output of the Vestibular Nuclei Cerebellum
Via juxtarestiform body Primary vestibular cortexVia thalamus
Nuclei of extraocularmuscles
Medial longitudinal fasciculusProject on nuclei of
Oculmotor
Trochlear
Abducens
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Conjugate Eye Movements
yoked together Nystagmus
Involuntary rhythmic oscillations of the eyes
2 pathways
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Reticular formation
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Medial Longitudinal FasciculusSyndrome
Paralysis ofadduction ipsilateralto MLF lesion
Nystagmus of theother eye
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Facial Nerve (VII)
SensoryEar
Spinal trigeminal
nucleus
Anterior 2/3 tongue
Nucleus solitarius
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Facial Nerve (VII)
MotorFace
Facial motor nucleus
Salivary glands
Submandibular
Sublingual
Lacrimal
Origin
Superior salivatorynucleus
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Central Facial Paresis
Bilateral innervation toupper facial muscles
Contralateral to lowerfacial muscles
Damage to one
hemisphere thereforeaffects lower facial
musclescontralaterally, only.
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Facial Nerve Lesions
Bells PalsyFacial nerve paralysis
Proximal to ganglion
Eyes can still tear up
Distal to ganglion
Motor fibers
Facial muscle paralysis
only
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Abducens (VI)
MotorLateral rectus
muscle
Modulated by
Corticospinal tract
Reticular nucleusVestibular nuclei
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Lesions of Abducens
Paralysis ofipsilateral lateralrectus muscle (B)
Diplopia (A)
double vision
When attempting togaze towardslesioned side
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Lateral Gaze Paralysis
Abducens nucleussends output tocontralateral
oculomotor nucleusMedial rectus
muscle of the othereye
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Trigeminal Nerve (V)
SensoryHead/Neck
Proprioception
Pain/temperature/touch
Semilunar ganglion
MotorMastication
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Pons: Clinical Correlates
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Caudal Basal Pontine Syndrome
Millard-GublerSyndrome
Lesion of abducens
Lesion of facial
Lesion of
corticospinal tract
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Tegmental Pontine Syndrome
Abducens Facial
Medial lemniscus
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One-and-a-half Syndrome
AbducensOne
Medial longitudinalfasciculus
Half