characteristics of agriculture
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CHARACTERSTICS
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CHARACTERSTICS OF AGRICULTURE
Predominance Cultivation Of Food Grains.
High Diversity Of Crops.
Small Size Of Land Holdings.
Intensive Farming.
Use Of Animal And Human Labour.
Dependence Of Rainfall.
Minimum Attention On Fodder Crops.Numerous Problems.
Lack Of Definite Land Use Policy.
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PREDOMINENCE CULTIVATION OF
FOOD GRAINS It occupy 76% of total cropped area.
These cereals include rice, wheat, millet, gram, maize, and
pulses which are grown to meet the food requirement.
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HIGH DIVERSITY OF CROPS
This agriculture shows the great diversity of crops.Some times 4-5 crops are simultaneously raised in thesame field. This is done to ensure some agricultureproduction during unfavorable weather condition.This mixed cropping reduces the agriculture outputand per hectare yield.
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SMALL SIZE OF LAND HOLDING
Due to physical, economic and social factors thelandholdings are tiny, fragmented and unsuitable formodern methods of agriculture.
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INTENSIVE FARMING
In chtse area intensive farming is carried on in limitedareas like Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh, elsewhereit is practiced on traditional lines. That is why perhectare yield of crop is much lower in these areas.
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USE OF ANIMAL AND HUMANS
Agriculture utilizes a number of deaught animal likebullocks, buffaloes, etc in agricultural work, it is alsolabor based enterprise where are agricultureoperations like tilling, sowing, weeding, sprinkling ofinsecticides/pesticides, harvesting, threshing, etc arecarried by human hands. Although the use ofagricultural machinery is replacing animals andhuman power but the pace of progress is very slow andconfined to rich section of the cultivators.
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DEPANDENCE ON RAINFALLVariability in the rainfall in time and space has affect
on concern that despite five decades of constantendeavors only a small cropped area has been broughtunder irrigation rest is at the mercy of rain-god. Thatis why when rain fails agricultural production is badlyaffected, scarcity prevails and price reach sky high.
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MINIMUM ATTENTION ON
FODDER CROPS
This region puts minimum attention on foddercrops(about 4% of cropped area). This together with
lack of good pastures have determinal effect over thedevelopment of dairy farming.
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NUMEROUS PROBLEMS Indian agriculture suffer from numerous problems
that is small land holdings, unscientific method offarming, less irrigation facilities, greater veriability topest and disease, poverty among farmers and lack ofinfrastructure facilities etc.
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LACK OF DEFINITE AGRICULTURE
LAND USE POLICYAt regional level it is on the will of the farmer to grow
one or another crop. This times lead to excess ofproduction and some times scarcity. Lack of marketingand storage . facilities and activity of brokers andmiddleman deprive farmers to fetch remunerativeprices for agricultural products.
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DETERMINENTS
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DETERMINANTS OFAGRICULTURE
Physical Determination Economic Determination Socio-Culturaldetermination
1. Terrain2. Topography
3. Altitude4. Climate
TemperatureSunlight &sunshineDew & hoer frostMoisturePressure SystemWindHumidityFog & mistPrecipitations:
RainfallSnowfallHalf
StonefallSlat
5. TheSoil Parental
MaterialClimateLivingOrganismsTime
1. Capital2. Mechanization & Equipments3. Transportation4. Marketing Facilities
1. Land Tenancy2. Labour3. Religion
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PHYSICAL DETERMINANTS
1. TERRAIN
2. TOPOGRAPHY3. ALTITUDE4. CLIMATE :-
TemperatureSunlight & sunshineDew and hoar frostMoistureWindHumidityFog and mist
Precipitation :-RainfallSnowfallSoils
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ECONOMIC DETERMINENTS
1. Capital2. Mechanization And Equipments
3. Transportation Facilities4. Marketing Facilities
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SOCIO-CULTURAL DETERMINANTS
1. Land Tenancy2. Labour3. Religion