characteristics of life growth and development cellularity reproduction responsiveness movement...
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Characteristics of Life
• Growth and development• Cellularity• Reproduction• Responsiveness• Movement• Require energy
Scientific method• Observation• Research• Hypothesis: prediction. You are predicting the
outcome of an experiment you are about to perform
• Experimentation: control vs experimental group– Independent vs dependent variable
• Collect data• Analyze data• Formulate a conclusion
Hypothesis vs theory
• Hypothesis: comes before the experiment– Prediction
• Theory: comes after SEVERAL experiments– Explanation
• Law: fact
Prokaryote: simple single celled organsims
• Have NO NUCLEUS• DNA floats freely in the cell• 2 Kingdoms• Archaebacteria: live in EXTREME
environments• Eubacteria: live in normal environments
Eukaryote: single of multicelled
• Have a TRUE Nucleus• 4 Kingdoms– Protista– Animal: organelle-cell-tissue-organ-system– Plant– Fungi
Animal and plant cell organelles
Biomolecules; Organic compounds; macromolecule; polymer
• Protein: amino acid• Carbohydrate: simple sugar
– Starch: plant energy storage– Glycogen: animal energy storage– Cellulose: builds cell walls
• Lipid: triglyceride: 3 fatty acid + glycerol– Fats and oils
• Saturated fat: Animal fat; solid at room temperature; have all single C-H bonds• Unsaturated fat: plant; liquid at room temperature; have double carbon-hydrogen bonds
– Wax – Steroid– Phospholipid: builds cell membrane
• Nucleic Acids: nucleotide– DNA and RNA
• Replication: DNA-DNA• Transcription: DNA-RNA• Translation: RNA-protein• Base pair rules• A-T, C-G• Or A-U if you are making RNA• Structure of DNA: double helix– 2 strands of nucleotides: sugar phosphate backbone
• Nitrogen bases in the middle
• Structure of RNA: single strand
Structure of cell membrane or plasma membrane
• Phospholipid bilayer: 2 layers of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol floating
• Passive transport: high to low concentration– NO ENERGY IS NEEDED– Simple diffusion– Facilitated diffusion– Osmosis
• Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic
• Active transport: low to high concentration– Need energy (ATP)