charging & billing -basic terms and concepts
TRANSCRIPT
Charging & Billing- Basic Terms and Concepts -
Dr. Hicham Aroudaki
Damascus, 8th May 2010
- Basic Terms and Concepts -
Content
� Understanding the terminology
� The overall billing process
� Charging scenarios � Charging scenarios
� Intelligent Network services
� Roaming related issues
� Signaling System #7
� What is CAMEL ?
What is billing ?
GSM
Network DataCustomer
Data
Invoice
Mr. John Smith
Monthly Fee $12.00
Usage 11MB $ 5.50
__________________
Total $17.50
Taxes 10% $ 1.75
__________________
Grand Total $19.25
Billing
� Manage customer data
� Collect data from the network
� Process both to create an invoice
Terminology – Wireless Networks
Charging: reporting of used services / resources
� The charging function collects information related to a chargeable events from several network nodes.
� The charging information generated by network nodes is structured in the form of � The charging information generated by network nodes is structured in the form of a Charging Data Record (CDR*) and transferred via standard protocols.
� The charging function is responsible for further processing and storing temporarily the generated CDRs, to correlate any partial records and transfer them securely to the billing function.
� The CDRs are transferred to the billing function via a transfer protocol such as FTAM (File Transfer, Access and Management), FTP, or TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol).
Terminology – Wireless Networks
CDR: Charging Data Record- A formatted collection of information about a chargeable event / resource for use in billing (details of the call).
� Usual information on a CDR includes:� Usual information on a CDR includes:– Duration of call / context, Date & Time, Volume (PDP up- &
downlink)– Location of subscriber, Destination of call – Time Tariff Switch– Flat Rate indicator– Content class indicator, Quality of Service (Tele- & Bearer Service)– Access Point Name– GSM / UMTS indicator
� The CDR is stored until time of billing.
Intermediate Record Generation (1)
...depending on Call Duration:
Intermediate Record Generation (2)
...for In-Call-Modification:
Terminology - Wireless Networks
� Application of tariff(s) to the records.
� Gives the call a value to be charged at the time of billing (not including promotions, discounts, or taxes).
Rating: the act of determining the price to be charged for use of a resource.
promotions, discounts, or taxes).
� Rating parameters include:
– Service and Product
– User-defined Rate Period (peak, off peak, etc...)
– Unit Based Rating (events, minutes, kilobytes, distance etc...)
– Jurisdiction (local, national, network point, etc... )
– Content based
Rating
Rating
Roaming Calls
RatingEngine
Charging Files
Price Plans Ref Data
Rated Calls
Terminology - What is mediation ?
Me
dia
tion
De
vic
e
NSN Switch
Ericsson SwitchRating
Me
dia
tion
De
vic
e
Ericsson Switch
SMSC
MMSC
GGSN
CDRs in different binary formats
CDRs in ASCII format
Rating&
Billing
Terminology - What is ASN.1 ?
Abstract Syntax Notation No. 1
� International Standard for describing the syntax of information data defined by ITU.defined by ITU.
� ASN.1 is an abstract description languages for data structures.
� Encoding Rules describe the rules for encoding/decoding of data defined using ASN.1.
� BER (Basic Encoding Rules) is one of many possible endoding rules.
� BER is used for coding of Charging Records.
Relationship ASN.1-Binary Data
0 H‘E181A3C2
20 H‘0100C301
40 H‘50F1C708
En
co
din
g R
ule
s
BillingRecord ::=
[PRIVATE 1]
IMPLICIT SEQUENCE
{40 H‘50F1C708
60 H‘88611591
80 H‘15F0DD08
100 H‘88615911
120 H‘05DC0316
140 H‘2008D102
En
co
din
g R
ule
s
{
recordType
RecordType,
callTransactionType
CallTransactionType,
servedPartyIdentity
ServedPartyIdentity,
chargingTimeData
ChargingTimeData,
Terminology – Wireless Networks
Billing: Transforming rated usage & other subscriber related features into money units, and bundling into an invoice.
� Calculates the charge for which the user will be billed.
� Collection of all rated calls that have been stored over the past 30 days.� Collection of all rated calls that have been stored over the past 30 days.
� Adding any promotions and discounts that are associated with the customer account (e.g. volume discount).
� In addition, taxes and credits are applied.
� Formatting and output of billing data according to desired record and/or file format.
Billing
FormatBilling Engine
Invoices
Rated CallsPrice Plans
Ref Data
InvoicesBills in intermediate
Format
� Discounts and Credits:
� Cross product discounts (bundling)
� Minimum guaranteed usage
� Volume discounts
� Commitment contracts
Terminology – Wireless Networks
� When the billing job is complete, a file is created that includes all of the customer's information.
Invoicing: Transforming billing data into invoices.
� This file is sent to a print house to be converted to paper invoices.
� These invoices are then stuffed into envelopes, along with specific inserts targeted to the customer.
Terminology – Wireless Networks
� In the case of roaming users, the accounting function is responsible for apportioning
Accounting: Calculation of inter-operator charges (how different operators get paid from one another according to a roaming agreement).
� In the case of roaming users, the accounting function is responsible for apportioning charges between the home environment, the serving network, and the user, and then calculating the portion that is due to each operator.
� The billing record concerning a roaming user is forwarded to its home network operator using the transferred account procedure (TAP) and a specific TAP format.
� The transfer of TAP records between the visited and the home mobile networks may be performed directly, or via a clearing house. Clearinghouses are independent business players responsible for TAP records creation and tariffing
� The calculation of apportioning revenue between the operators normally happens once per month.
Terminology- Telco & IP worlds
Overall process
NetworkProduct-, tariff-& discountadministration
Rating
CDR-CollectionData base
Product data
Tariff data
Usage dataC
usto
mer d
ata
Reminder
Customer admin. &information
Paymentmanagement
Billing
Rated usage data
Invoices
Tariff data
Discount data
Accounts
Custo
mer d
ata
Content
� Understanding the terminology
� The overall billing process
� Charging scenarios� Charging scenarios
� Intelligent Network services
� Roaming related issues
� Signaling System #7
� What is CAMEL ?
Call components
Five basic call components:• Originating call component• Terminating call component• Roaming call components• Call Forward call component• Transit call component
MSC���� PSTN�
MOC to PSTN, VMSC = GMSC
���� PSTN
MOCRecord
MSC A(VMSC)���� PSTN
MSC B(GMSC)
�
MOC to PSTN, VMSC <> GMSC
(VMSC)���� (GMSC)
MOCRecord
TRANSITRecord
MSC B(VMSC)
PSTNMSC A(GMSC)
����
HLR
�
MTC from PSTNVMSC <> GMSC
(VMSC)(GMSC)
MTCRecord
ROAMINGRecord
����
DiscardMTC Record
����
HLR
����
Mobile to Mobile Call(VMSC A <> VMSC B)
MSC BMSC A
MTCRecord
ROAMINGRecord
��������A-Party B-Party
MOCRecord
PSTNMSC
(GMSC)
HLR
OtherPLMN
VLR�
MTC from PSTNRoaming B-Party
PSTN(GMSC)
ROAMINGRecord
����
PLMN
Roaming B-Party
PSTN
VMSC����
VLRRoaming
B-Party
�
MTC from PSTN,B-Party is foreign Roamer
OtherPLMN HLR
GMSC MTCRecord
MSC BMSC A ����
HLR
����
Call Forwarding Unconditionalto Mobile Subscriber
MSC BMSC A
MTCRecord
��������A-Party
C-Party
ROAMINGRecord
Call Forw.Record
MOCRecord
����
HLR
����
Call Forwarding Conditionalto Mobile Subscriber
MSC B MSC CMSC A
MTCRecord
��������A-Party
C-Party
Call Forw.RecordMOC
RecordROAMING
Record
ROAMINGRecord
Ticket correlation
010111011010
010111011010
010111011010
Tickets of MSC A
Tickets of MSC B
Tickets of MSC C
Billing Center
Content
� Understanding the terminology
� The overall billing process
� Charging scenarios � Charging scenarios
� Intelligent Network services
� Roaming related issues
� Signaling System #7
� What is CAMEL ?
Intelligent Network Background
� Traditionally Services are provided in the switches
� Introduction of a new supplementary service requires:– the modification of the basic call process
– introduction of service program (logic)
– introduction of service data (e.g. translation tables)
LogicData Logic
Data
LogicData
LogicData
Service 1
Service 2
Service 3
LogicData
Service 2
Service 1Service 3
Service 1
Service 1
PLMN
Intelligent Network Definition
� "The Intelligent Network (IN) is a control architecture for telecommunication network services.
� Intelligence is taken out of the switch and placed in computer nodes that are distributed nodes that are distributed throughout the network.
� This provides the network operator with the possibility to develop and control services more efficiently.
� New services can be rapidly introduced into the network.
� Services are easily customized to meet customer's needs.
� Control unit in the switch executes the Basic Call Process (BCP), which provides basic switching capabilities, and triggers the execution of IN services by means of software hooks.
Some IN based services
� Abbreviated Dialling (ABD)
� Account Card Calling (ACC)
� Call Distribution (CD)
� Call Forwarding (CF)
� Call Rerouting Distribution (CRD)
� Premium Rate (PRM)
� Security Screening (SEC)
� Selective Call Forward on Busy/Don´t Answer (SCF)
� Split Charging (SPL)� Call Rerouting Distribution (CRD)
� Credit Card Calling (CCC)
� Destination Call Routing (DCR)
� Follow-me Diversion (FMD)
� Freephone (FPH)
� Malicious Call Identification (MCI)
� Mass Calling (MAS)
� Televoting (VOT)
� Terminating Call Screening (TCS)
� Universal Access Number (UAN)
� Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT)
� User-Defined Routing (UDR)
� Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Number translation service Free phone
0800 4567
022 84599
030 33445
Typical Use Cases� Service Hotline� Reservation Hotline� Information Hotline� :
Main Features� Single number� Reverse charging� Call forwarding on busy/no answer� Time dependent routing� Origin dependent routing� Call distribution� Subscriber-specific announcement� Authentication
A B
IN030 33445
040 77445x
Number translation serviceUniversal access number
Main Features
Typical Use Cases� Booking, Ordering Service� Mail Order Business� Ticket Line� :
Main Features� Single number� Split charging� Call forwarding on busy/no answer� Time dependent routing� Origin dependent routing� Selection code dep. routing� Call distribution� Subscriber-specific announcement
Televoting
!
Every 1000th caller will receive a price!
Typical Use Cases� Game Shows� TV / Movie Selections� Opinion Polls� :
Main Features� Mass-call / pre-counting� Split charging� Selection code dep. routing� Call selection –
Key Quota dependent routing� Counter snapshot
Prepaid Card Serive
IN Logic
Subscriber’s accounts
1The subscriber recharges (refills) his account with units MSISDN = 0944 222 333
own MSISDN = 0944 222 333
Call setup
2
Is there enough money on the account of subscriber with MSISD = 0944 222 333
3
There is money for a granted timeof 3 minutes and 47 seconds
4
Call setup5
6Answer
MSCMSCMSCMSC0
3
6
9
7
Start of timer
IN based services
� Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT)– This service provides personal mobility by enabling a user to initiate
any type of service and receive any type of call on the basis of a unique and personal network-independent number, across multiple networks, at any user-network access (fixed, moveable or mobile), irrespective of geographic location, limited only by terminal and irrespective of geographic location, limited only by terminal and network capabilities.
� Virtual Private Network (VPN)– This service permits to build a private network by using the public
network resources. The subscriber´s lines, connected on different network switches, constitute a virtual PABX, including a number of PABX capabilities, such as private numbering plan (PNP), call transfer, call hold, and so on.
IN based services
� Call Distribution (CD)– This service allows a subscriber to have incoming calls routed to
different destinations, according to an allocation law which may be real-time managed by the subscriber.
– Three types may exist: circular, percentage, hierarchical
� Call Rerouting Distribution (CRD)– This service permits the subscriber to have his incoming calls
encountering a triggering condition (busy, specified number of rings, queue overload or call limiter) rerouted according to a predefined choice: the calls may be rerouted to another destination number (including pager or vocal box), rerouted on a standard or customized
announcement, or queued.
IN based services
� Account Card Calling (ACC)– This service allows the caller to be automatically charged on a
telephone account subscribed with the network operator, for any type of outgoing call. The caller has to dial his card number and a PIN, of outgoing call. The caller has to dial his card number and a PIN, then the called number.
� Premium Rate (PRM)– This service allows to pay back a part of the call cost to the called
party, considered as an added value service provider.
Classical IN ArchitectureITU-T Recommendations Q.1205
SMAFSMAFSMAFSMAFSMAFSMAFSMAFSMAF
SMFSMFSMFSMF
SCEFSCEFSCEFSCEF
SCEFSCEFSCEFSCEF
SCFSCFSCFSCFSDFSDFSDFSDF
SMAPSMAPSMAPSMAP SMPSMPSMPSMP SCEPSCEPSCEPSCEP
Functional Entities (FEs)CCF Call Control FunctionSCF Service Control FunctionSDF Service Data FunctionSRF Service Resource FunctionSSF Service Switching FunctionSMF Service Management FunctionSCEF Service Creation EnvironmentSMAF Service Management Access
Function
Functional Entities (FEs)CCF Call Control FunctionSCF Service Control FunctionSDF Service Data FunctionSRF Service Resource FunctionSSF Service Switching FunctionSMF Service Management FunctionSCEF Service Creation EnvironmentSMAF Service Management Access
Function
Physical Entities (PEs)Physical Entities (PEs)SCFSCFSCFSCF
SDFSDFSDFSDF
SDFSDFSDFSDF
SCFSCFSCFSCF
SDFSDFSDFSDF
SCPSCPSCPSCP
SDPSDPSDPSDP
ADADADAD
IPIPIPIP
SNSNSNSN
SSPSSPSSPSSP
Signaling NetworkSignaling NetworkSignaling NetworkSignaling Network
SRFSRFSRFSRF
SSFSSFSSFSSFCCFCCFCCFCCF
SCFSCFSCFSCFSSFSSFSSFSSF
CCFCCFCCFCCF SDFSDFSDFSDF
SRFSRFSRFSRF
Physical Entities (PEs)SSP Service Switching PointSCP Service Control PointSDP Service Data PointIP Intelligent PeripheralSMP Service Management PointSCEP Service Creation PointAD AdjunctSN Services NodeSSCP Service switching and control pointSMAP Service Access management Point
Physical Entities (PEs)SSP Service Switching PointSCP Service Control PointSDP Service Data PointIP Intelligent PeripheralSMP Service Management PointSCEP Service Creation PointAD AdjunctSN Services NodeSSCP Service switching and control pointSMAP Service Access management Point
Management, Provisioning & ControlManagement, Provisioning & Control
TransportTransportSignallingSignallingSignallingSignalling FEFE
Optional FEOptional FE
SSFSSFSSFSSFCCFCCFCCFCCF
Intelligent Network Terminology
Functional Entity Definition Related products
Call Control Access Function (CCAF) Provides the means for user to access the CCF; handles call setup, termination, hold-on etc... can also provide user with CLASS (Custom Local Area Signalling Services) properties
Service Switching Point (SSP), Network Access Point (NAP)
Call Control Function (CCF) Provides the means for establishing and controlling bearer services on behalf network users; the CCF refers to call and connection handling in classical sense
Service Switching Point (SSP)
Service Switching Function (SSF) Provides the means to recognise calls requiring IN service processing, and to interact with call processing and service logic on behalf of these calls
Service Switching Point (SSP)
on behalf of these calls
Service Control Function (SCF) Provides the logical control applied to a call requiring IN service and handles service related processing activities, e.g. analysis translattion, screenig, routing; in other words the SCF contains the IN service logic
Service Control Point (SCP), adjuct (AD), Service Node (SN)
Service Data Function (SDF) Handles the access to service-related and network data and provides a logical view of the data to the SCF
Service Control Point (SCP), adjuct (AD), Service Node (SN)
Specialised Resource Function (SRF) Provides end-user interaction with the IN-structured network through control over resources such as DTMF receivers, voice, recognation capabilities, protocol conversion, announcements etc.
Service Node (SN), Intelligent Peripheral (IP)
Service Management Function (SMF) Provides service provisioning deployment and management control; the SMF allows access to all IN functional entities for the transfer of information related to service logic and service data
Service Management System (SMS)
Service Creation Environment Function (SCEF)
provides the capability for the creation, verification and testing of new IN services
Service Creation Environment (SCE)
IN Classic architecture
SMP
Service / Subscriber Management
FTAM
Billing
SMPService Management Point:- Administration
VoMS
IN CommanderAlarm Management
HLR/AC MAP
SCP
BSS
MSSPMobile Service Switching Point:- Detects IN call and routes to SCP
MSSP
MSC/VLR
INAP/CAP
SCPService Control Point:- Service logic execution (PPS, VPN,..)- IN data base
Voucher Management System
Online
Customer Care
IN-Functional UnitsSCP (Service Control Point)
� Central Network Element for IN-Platform.
� It is usually triggered by the SSP using the appropriate INAP or CAP operation.
� Processing of SSP requests.
� Handle the call processing
� Contains and executes the service
SMP
Service / Subscriber Management
FTAM
BillingBilling
VoMSVoMS
IN CommanderAlarm Management
� Contains and executes the service logic & data.
� Routing of IN calls according to the control data of the service subscriber or service customer and the caller.
� Requesting the status and the location of mobile subscribers from HLR to provide sophisticated call routing.
� Direct dialogue only in case of ATI.
HLR/ACHLR/AC MAP
SCP
BSSBSS
MSSP
MSC/VLR
MSSP
MSC/VLR
INAP/CAP
VoMSVoMSManagement
Voucher Management System
Online
Customer CareCustomer Care
IN-Functional UnitsSSP (Service Switching Point)
� Serves as a gateway linking the Intelligent Network with the PSTN or PLMN and vice versa.
� Communication Between SSP and SCP is assured via the INAP protocol, and the CAMEL
SMP
Service / Subscriber Management
FTAM
BillingBilling
IN CommanderAlarm Management
INAP protocol, and the CAMEL for international roaming service.
� SSP recognizes an IN service request and forwards it to the SCP
� Triggering the IN (detecting a call as an IN call).
� Writing of charge tickets (AMA tickets) & if required IN AMA tickets.
HLR/ACHLR/AC MAP
SCP
BSSBSS
MSSP
MSC/VLR
MSSP
MSC/VLR
INAP/CAP
VoMSVoMSManagement
Voucher Management System
Online
Customer CareCustomer Care
USSD based recharging
*1818*12345678901234#
SCP
Voucher ID
Voucher OK, Recharge account, write ticket, send USSD
Voucher ID
HLR/AC
VoMS
Voucher
Online CommunicationTo VoMS
Recharging Rp. Xxxxxxx
successful,
Account balance Rp. Yyyyyyyyy,
Expired on <Date>
Voucher ID(12345678901234)Voucher status,
amount, Expiry Date
Sample IN Call
SCP Service Control Point
Online ChargingProcessing of
statistics information
Call setup to
Checking Account 4
3 Account ok !
Online Accountupdate
10
Service trigger
IN call routing Billing
Exchange(B-party)
MSC (A-party)
PLMN/ PSTN / ISDN
B-party(called party)
SSP Service Switching Point
A-party dials011 5555443
Call setup to destination no.
6
Generation of billing record9
Inquiry to SCP3
Detection of CSI 2
Call from service user
1
Normal call routing + setup
7
Account ok !Granted Time5
End of call8
On-line charging procedure
(1) Tariffing� Determination of actual tariff out
of tariff model� Calculation of the granted time
with respect to• current account• tariff switches
(3) On-line charging� SSP sends Report (ACR) :
� Information about call status�intermediate (every 30')�final (at call release)
� Call duration� Release cause
1
3
• tariff switches
(2) Apply Charging (AC) :� Based on Granted time, SSP controls used airtime
and releases call when used airtime = granted time
� Release cause1
2
Content
� Understanding the terminology
� The overall billing process
� Charging scenarios � Charging scenarios
� Intelligent Network services
� Roaming related issues
� Signaling System #7
� What is CAMEL ?
Roaming - Basic Definition
PLMN-1
PLMN-2
Roaming - Complex Scenario
PLMN-1
PSTN-1
PLMN-2
PSTN-2
International Carrier
Roaming related terms
� Roaming agreement: In order that a subscriber is able to "latch" on to a visited network, a roaming agreement needs to be in place between the visited network and the home network.
� This agreement is established after a series of testing processes called IREG and TADIG testings..
� The Inter-Working Roaming Expert Group (IREG) specifies technical, � The Inter-Working Roaming Expert Group (IREG) specifies technical, operational and performance issues supporting international roaming.
� The IREG testing is to test the proper functioning of the established communication links between 2 operators.
� Many recommendations are dedicated to the different technologies:– IR24 (voice) – IR32 CAMEL – IR35 GPRS – IR27 video telephony
Roaming related terms
� The usage by a subscriber in a visited network is captured in a file called the TAP (Transferred Account Procedure) file and is transferred to the home network (CIBER (Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer) for CDMA.
� A TAP file contains details of the calls made by the subscriber (e.g. visited location, calling party, called party, time of call and duration, etc).
� The TAP files are rated as per the tariffs charged by the visited operator. The � The TAP files are rated as per the tariffs charged by the visited operator. The home operator then bills these calls to its subscribers and may charge a mark-up/tax applicable locally.
Roaming related terms
� The Transferred Account Data Interchange Group (TADIG) develops and maintains data interchange specifications, producing format specifications, testing procedures, supporting material and recommending transfer mechanisms, for TAP, RAEX (Roaming Agreement EXchange), AA.14 and IR.21. TADIG is also responsible for the requirements for the TTT (TAP Testing Toolkit).
� The TADIG testing is to check the billability of the calls.
Special Drawing Rights (SDR)
Composition of basket (value of 1 XDR)
January 2006 - December 2010
ISO Currency Weight Value
USDUSDUSDUSD US Dollar 44% $ 0.6320USDUSDUSDUSD US Dollar 44% $ 0.6320
EUREUREUREUR European Euros 34% € 0.4100
JPYJPYJPYJPY Japanese Yen 11% ¥ 18.4
GBPGBPGBPGBP British Pound 11% £ 0.0903
903.04.1841.0632.0GBP
SYP
JPY
SYP
EUR
SYP
USD
SYP
SDR
SYP+++=
Multi-operator Roaming RelationshipsMatrix Scenario
Operator
1
Operator
2
Operator
3
Operator
4
Operator
5
Operator
6
Operator
7
Operator
8
Multi-operator Roaming RelationshipsClearing House Solution
Operator
1
Operator
2
Operator
3
Operator
4
Operator
5
Operator
6
Operator
7
Operator
8
Clearinghouse
Function of a Clearing House
VisitedNetwork
HomeNetwork
ClearinghouseTAP files
1
CorrectTAP files
3
Validation report
2
Network Network1
TAP: Transferred Account Procedure
3
Payment for calls
5
Inter-PLMN invoice4
Content
� Understanding the terminology
� The overall billing process
� Charging scenarios � Charging scenarios
� Intelligent Network services
� Roaming related issues
� Signaling System #7
� What is CAMEL ?
Why is signaling needed?
� To negotiate parameters of a session between two or more parties for a call– to locate the other parties (one is the initiator)– to figure out whether the other party wishes to communicate– to agree technical parameters for communication
� In circuit networks to reserve, to keep track of all circuit resources for the call and to release the resources after the calland to release the resources after the call
� In packet networks to reserve, keep track and release logical and physical resources for the session
– Ports, holes in Firewalls, media processors, processes– To manage Quality of Service
ISUP communication (MOC)
IAM: Initial Address Message
SAM: Subsequent Address Message
ACM: Address Complete
ANM: Answer
REL: Release
RLC: Release Complete
OSI vs. Signalling System 7
ISUP
Signalling System 7
MAP INAP
TCAP UserPart
MTP Level 2
MTP Level 1
SCCP
MTP Level 3
Part
L3
L2
L1
SS7 Protocol Components
TUP ISDN-UP
TCAP
INAP MAP OMAPDUP
Support of dialogs
Assemble of messages and their parameters for dialog between SSP and SCP (IN)
Assemble of messages and their parameters for dialog between exchanges
Assemble of messages and their parameters for dialog between MSC and HLR (and SCP and HLR)
MTP
SCCP
Signalling Network Functions
Signalling Link Functions
Physical / Electrical FunctionsLine Coding, Modulation, Multiplexing,Signal Levels
Transmission Fault Handling
Addressing and Routing
Enhanced inter-network Addressing and Routing; Segmentation; Connectionless and Connection-oriented services
Prepaid Card Service - Call flow
A-Party MSC/SSP
request (CdPA, CgPA)
SCP
Invoke service logic:
Subscriber ok ?
Account ok ?
CdPA, CgPA Subscriber data?
VLR..., PPS-subscr.
IN-Trigger
SS7-
Comp.
Account ok ?
Tarif
Granted time, CdPA
Connection Setup
(CdPA, CgPA)
Voice connection
Release Release
Used time
ISUP
INAP
MAP
Content
� Understanding the terminology
� The overall billing process
� Charging scenarios � Charging scenarios
� Intelligent Network services
� Roaming related issues
� Signaling System #7
� What is CAMEL ?
SCM (Service Class Mark)
� To distinguish between the services, SSP signals a number to the SCP called "Service Key".
� Service Class Mark SCM in HLR
� Combination of "SCP address" and "Service Key" leads to a data record in SSP called
MSC SSP
SCP
INAP
Key" leads to a data record in SSP called "Trigger Profile" (M-SSP).
� SCM is Siemens solution for IN –Dialogue.
� SCM is a special digit sequence.
� MSC: Prefixes SCM and routes the call to an M-SSP for IN handling
� SCM for MOC is put in front of numbers dialed, and SCM for MTC is put in front of the A number.
MSC SSP
IntegratedMSC / SSP
A (9999)
dials B(4444)
Problem with SCM
� Digit sequence of the SCM is up to the Network Operators only.
� Subscribed IN Services With SCM are only effective with in the Home-PLMN of the Subscribed subscriber.
Weakness of INAP:We have- German INAP- French INAP- Russian NAP- ….subscriber.
� Is not secured by the international standard.
� HLR can not send SCM in a foreign PLMN (Not identified in foreign PLMN or results of the digit analysis of the SCM in foreign PLMN will be unsure).
- ….
SCP
SSP
Guten Tag, …
Qu’est-ce que …?
They do not understand each other !
Roaming by Means of USSD based Callback
SSPMSC
2
3
MAP Dialogue
2
VLR
HLR
MS sends an USSD string MSC/VLR,
for example:
MS sends an USSD string MSC/VLR,
for example:
MSC/VLR relays USSD string towards HLR (in HPLMN)
MSC/VLR relays USSD string towards HLR (in HPLMN)
HLR receives USSD string and relays it to SCP
HLR receives USSD string and relays it to SCP
SCP returns response to HLR, HLR returns that
SCP returns response to HLR, HLR returns that MSC
Home
PLMN
Visited
PLMN
CSE
(SCP)
roaming
subscriber
SSP
GMSC
1
3
4
5
SINAP Dialogue
3
4
5
43
VLR
adaptedfunctionality
USSD relayfunction
USSDHandler
HLR
for example: ‘**135*00491715000102#’
SAC =135
CdPA=00491715000102
for example: ‘**135*00491715000102#’
SAC =135
CdPA=00491715000102
HLR returns that response to MSC/VLR, MSC/VLR returns response to MS
HLR returns that response to MSC/VLR, MSC/VLR returns response to MS
Call setup to A-PartyCall setup to A-Party
Call setup to B-PartyCall setup to B-Party
UCB charging scenarios
HPLMNHPLMN VPLMNVPLMN
A in HPLMN Calls B in VPLMNA in HPLMN Calls B in VPLMN
HPLMNHPLMN VPLMNVPLMN
A in VPLMN Calls B in HPLMNA in VPLMN Calls B in HPLMN
CgPA (A) : National Leg
CdPA (B) : One International Leg
CgPA (A) : National Leg
CdPA (B) : One International Leg
AA
GMSCGMSC GMSCGMSC
BB BB
GMSCGMSC GMSCGMSC
AA
CgPA (A) : One International Leg + One National Leg
CdPA (B) : Nothing
CgPA (A) : One International Leg + One National Leg
CdPA (B) : Nothing
UCB charging scenarios
A in VPLMN Calls B in VPLMNA in VPLMN Calls B in VPLMN B in VPLMN Calls A in VPLMNB in VPLMN Calls A in VPLMN
CgPA (A) : Two International Legs
CdPA (B) : Nothing
CgPA (A) : Two International Legs
CdPA (B) : Nothing
BB
HPLMNHPLMN VPLMNVPLMN
GMSCGMSC GMSCGMSC
AA
CgPA (A) : One International Leg
CdPA (B) : One International Leg
CgPA (A) : One International Leg
CdPA (B) : One International Leg
HPLMNHPLMN VPLMNVPLMN
BB
GMSCGMSC GMSCGMSC
AA
Alternative solution (CAMEL)
CAMEL Aspects:
• Multi-vendor applications
HLR
HPLMN
CAMEL = Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic
applications
• International Roaming
• Standard Architecture
• MAP & INAP-Enhancements
SCPMSSP
VPLMN
IN Service supported
CAP
MSSPSSP
Roaming Camelsubscriber
Basic State Call Model
� Points in Call (PICs) represent a call processing state to the service logic, i.e. a running procedure in the basic call process.
� PICs are characterised by:– entry event
– exit event
DP
PIC
Entry
Event
exit event
– processing performed within the PIC
– information available at the exit of the PIC
� Detection Points (DPs) are points between the PICs at which the call processing may be suspended in order to invoke actions of the service logic, i.e. ask for new instructions resp. data before the call processing continues or send a notification to the service logic.
DP
PIC
Exit
Event
Basic State Call Model
Collected_InfoDP 2
O_Null & ...DP 10 O_Exception
O_Abandon
Analyze_Information Invalid_Information
CAMEL Ph 1
CAMEL Ph 2
CAMEL Ph 3
Routing & Alerting
O_Active
DP 7
DP 4
DP 5
DP 6
DP 9
O_AnswerO_Disconnect
Route_Select_Failure
O_Busy
O_No_Answer
O_routing_and_alerting_failure
O_active_failure
DP 3 Analyzed_Info
BCSM: Basic Call State Model
CAMEL Phase 2 International Roaming
SSPMSCVLRHome Visited
CSE(SCP)
2
CAP
Dialogue
Send Initial Detection
Point (IDP)
Send Initial Detection
Point (IDP)
MSCVLRHomePLMN
VisitedPLMN
Roaming
Subscriber
SSPMSCHLR
SSPGMSC
1
3
4
5
Subscriber dials
number
Subscriber dials
number
Receive ConnectReceive Connect
Connect to B-party via Gateway MSCConnect to B-party via Gateway MSC