charity, assistance, and social welfare policy patrice bourdelais ehess paris

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Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

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Page 1: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy

Patrice BourdelaisEHESS Paris

Page 2: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

Introduction

Wide topics, numerous books Chronological scale Distance and emotional involvement Three moments in the European society:

-charity -assistance -social welfare policy

Page 3: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

Introduction 2

Answer to the Industrial revolution and to new social problems

But poverty, marginality dates back to …

Individual and couples have never been without any community or institutional relief

Page 4: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris
Page 5: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris
Page 6: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

Introduction 3

Three parts:

1- The example of Portuguese Misericordias 2- Christian charity and Philanthropic proposals 3- Assistance and social Welfare policy

Page 7: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

I. Portuguese Misericordias

Created at the beginning of the 16th century

The first assistance institution in Europe from a royal central state.

Page 8: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

Misericórdias (1498-1640)

By Laurinda Abreu

Ribeira Grande

Corpo Santo

Lajes do Pico

Empire

Vila Nova de Cerveira

Vila Verde dos Francos

Arcos de ValdevezSantar

Ponte da Barca

Fão

Esposende

Vinhais

Vimioso

Algoso

Alfândega da Fé

Torre de Moncorvo

Armamar

Aguiar da BeiraArouca

Vouzela Pinhel

Penalva do CasteloAlcantarilha

Fornos de AlgodresMangualde

SeiaManteigas Belmonte

SortelhaSanta Comba DãoAlpedrinha

Vilar Maior

Penamacor

Tentúgal

Gois

Proença-a-VelhaMonsanto

SoureVila Nova de Anços

Abiul

LouriçalPedrógão Pequeno Sarzedas

Idanha-a-Nova

Salvaterra do Extremo

Segura

RosmaninhalMaiorga Alpalão

Cela TancosBelver Esporão

Peniche Alvorninha PemesChamuscaAsseiceira

Lourinhã

Alcanede Erra

Salvaterra de Magos

Alverca

Arruda dos VinhosCabrela

Coina

Cano

Colares

Canha Atalaia

AzeitãoCabeção

Arez

Viana do Alentejo

Santiago do Cacém

Carvão

Colos

Alcantarilha

Mexilhoeira Grande Estômbar

EnvendosFaroPortimão

Page 9: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

I. Portuguese Misericordias

Süssmilch analysis of the vulnerability (1757): « Le gain de tous ceux qui travaillent pour un salaire

stable est diminué de moitié lorsque le prix du pain double. Ainsi, celui qui gagnait 4 groschen par jour, n’en gagne en fait plus que 2 puisqu’il doit payer le pain, sa principale nourriture, à un prix encore une fois plus élevé. Celui qui auparavant n’a rien eu de plus que de l’eau, du pain et un peu de légumes ; celui qui a dépensé autant que son revenu pour se procurer le bois et les vêtements nécessaires pour l’hiver, se trouve soudain jeté dans un grand embarras et une grande détresse. …

Page 10: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

I. Portuguese Misericordias …S’il a en outre une femme et plusieurs enfants à

entretenir, sa misère en est augmentée. Viennent alors le souci, un accablement dévorant, la faim, le dénuement et le froid. Toutes choses et conséquences extrêmement nuisibles à la santé. La nourriture a déjà été mauvaise et à peine suffisante pour donner à un corps épuisé les forces requises pour le travail. La voilà à présent encore plus insuffisante. S’y ajoutent le dénuement et le froid ; ainsi, la faiblesse s’accélère, faisant le terrain propice aux maladies chez les enfants et les adultes. Un petit coup de pouce renverse aussitôt la personne. Où trouver alors expédients et secours, lorsque celui qui n’a pas même de pain tombe malade ? »

Page 11: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

I. Portuguese Misericordias

Maintaining the social order and christian values

Implementing the Royal power

Considering population as an investment

Page 12: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

II. Christian charity and philanthropist ideology

Wagrancy question : repression and prevention Philanthropists criticized The Catholic Church and

the Hôpitaux Généraux New choices to avoid poor falling in wagrancy Houserelief, family focused To receive help means also you have duties

Page 13: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

II. Christian charity and philanthropist ideology

The assistance is organized according to a new political ideology of the community

Social and national cohesion A new philisophy to the other, and to the whole

Humanity To protect the dignity of the citizen

Page 14: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

III. Assistance and social welfare policy

Opposition between assistance and social welfare policy?

Europe 19th century : social laws But also compulsory assistances Assistance inside the Social security systems

Page 15: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

III. Assistance and social welfare policy 2

How to consider assistance?

Social cohesionRegulation of social inequalitiesHuman dignity protection (minimalist)

Page 16: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

III. Assistance and social welfare policy 3

Assistance to protect integrable populations more than excluded ones.

Space for ONG and charity intervention. How to conciliate individual freedom, equality de

jure, inequality de facto. How to balance individual rights and duties.

Page 17: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

III. Conclusion

Still the logic of the Philanthropist assistance?

The values of the social assistance has changed.

The assistance policy as an observatory.

Page 18: Charity, assistance, and social welfare policy Patrice Bourdelais EHESS Paris

MERCI !