charles and francis darwin (1880) there is an ‘influence’ which moves from the tip to the cells...
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Charles and Francis Darwin (1880)There is an ‘influence’ which moves from the tip to the cells below.
Plant Hormones
Went purified the ‘influence’and identified Indole-3-aceticacid (IAA)
Very small molecules – can move across cell walls
Hormone = compound produced by one part of an organism that is transported to other parts where it triggers a response in target cells
PLANT RESPONSES
CELLWALL
CYTOPLASM
1 Reception 2 Transduction 3 Response
Receptor
Relay molecules
Activationof cellularresponses
Hormone orenvironmentalstimulus
Plasma membrane
Functions of Hormones• Coordinate growth and development by
affecting division, elongation and differentiation of cells
• Regulate responses to environmental stimuli
• Varying concentrations affect target cells differently; and different target cells are affected differently
Plant Hormones (growth regulators)
Auxin or IAA
Gibberellins
Cytokinins
Ethene
Abscisic acid
Auxin
Meristem
Growing point – part of plant which grows most
Auxins are produced in meristematic tissue
Auxin will migrate to the dark side of an illuminated stem
Geotropism
Movement of dense molecules in sensitive
cells.
AMYLOPLASTS (statoliths - starch granules)
Cause redistribution of auxin to lower parts
Auxins act as inhibitors in roots
Cytokinins• Often have opposite effect to auxin• Stimulate lateral buds bushiness
Giberellins• Produced at growing tips longer internodes• promote seed germination• stem thickening
Other Hormones• Ethene ripens fruit• Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits auxins,
cytokinins and giberellin