charles’ law a gas in a closed system at a constant pressure, the temperature and the volume are...
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CHARLES’ LAWA gas in a closed system at a constant
pressure, the temperature and the volume are directly proportional.
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CHARLES’ LAW
• Directly proportional means that as the temperature increases, the volume increases.
• Or as the temperature decreases the volume decreases.
• Mathematically: V1 V2 T1 T2
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CHARLES’ LAW
• The balloon in the picture has a volume of 0.5 liters at a room temperature of 22oC.
• What will the volume of the balloon be if put into some liquid nitrogen?
• The liquid nitrogen is at -196oC.
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KELVIN
• Before doing anything, you must convert the temperatures to the Kelvin scale.
• K = C +273• K = 22 + 273 = 295 K• K = -196 +273 = 77 K
• Now you can plug the numbers into the Charles’ law equation.
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The volume goes down, down, down!
0.5 L V2_
295 K 77 K
Cross Multiply
295 V2 = 38.5
V2 = 0.13 liters
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Practice Makes Perfect
• Practice Problem #1:• A container with a
volume of 148ml is at standard temperature. If the container is heated to 500 K, what is the new volume?
• Standard Temperature: 0oC = 273 K
• Practice problem #2:• A syringe is set at 7ml at
a temperature of 25oC. If the volume is increased to 9ml, what is the new temperature?
• Work these problems on your paper and then check your answer.
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How did you do?
• Practice problem #1, the answer is 271ml
• Practice problem #2, the answer is 110oC. (To get the correct answer, you had to convert 25oC to 298 K, the answer is also 383K)
• Practice problem #3:• A basketball is inflated
to 3.5 liters with an air temperature of 40oC. When the basketball is taken outside, the volume drops to 3.1 liters. What is the temperature outside?
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The answer is 4oC
Now it is time to move on to
DALTON’S LAW
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DALTON’S LAW
The sum of the partial pressures is equal to the
total pressure.
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DALTON’S LAW
• The two containers have equal volume.
• The containers are connected by a hose, but the valve is closed.
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DALTON’S LAW
• The container on the left has a pressure of 500mm Hg.
• The container on the right has a pressure of 300mm Hg
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DALTON’S LAW
• If all of the gas from the left container is pushed into the right container, what is the total pressure of the gas?
• P1 + P2 + … = Ptotal
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DALTON’S LAW
• The total pressure is now 800 mmHg.
• The sum of the partial pressures is equal to the total pressure.
• Let’s try one practice problem.
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P1 + P2 + … = Ptotal• A 2 liter container has a gas with a pressure of
1.04 atm. Another 2 liter container has a gas with a pressure of 760mm Hg. If the two containers are combined into one 2 liter container, what is the total pressure?
• Hint: Be consistent with units.
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2.04 atm
• The easiest way to solve this problem is to convert 760mm Hg to 1atm.
• From there, it is simple:
1.04atm + 1atm = 2.04atm