chasing hydrocarbon reserves in carbonate buildups ...31.pdf · carbonates that does not look like...

www.greekhydrocarbons.gr

N. Papadimitriou

K. Oikonomopoulos

G. Makrodimitras

IENE, Athens 30-31, Oct. 2018

Chasing hydrocarbon reserves in Carbonate Buildups: Examples from

the Eastern Mediterranean


2

Introduction

Data and Methods

Geological Setting

Carbonate Buildups in the East Mediterranean

Conclusions and Future work

Outline


3

A body of shallow carbonate strata

deposited as a geomorphic feature adjacent

to deeper-water strata and include different

facies

(reefs, lagoons, tidal flat deposits).

They host significant hydrocarbon resources

Why it is important;

Examples of good reservoirs:

• The Carboniferous of North America (360-299 Ma)

• The Permian of the United States (298-250 Ma)

• The Mesozoic in the Mediterranean (200- 65 Ma)

• Tertiary Southeast Asia and Brazil. (24- 5 Ma)


4

• Seismic Interpretation

• Well data

• Magnetic anomalies map (UGGS)

• Gravity map

Data/Methods

Geophysical studies


5

Study Area

Distribution of Isolate Carbonate Platforms in the Mediterranean (Giovanni Rusciadelli and Peter Shiner, 2018)

(a) Mountain belts due to

continental Collison

(b) Fold and thrust belts

(c) Accretionary

complexes

(d) Intracontinental belts

(e) Back – Arc basins

(f) Tethyan ocean


6

Geological Setting

(after Vrielynck et al., 2014)

Callovian

Late Permian-Triassic-Jurassic

Tethyan rifting

Opening of Neo-Tethys ocean

Examples:

North:

• ICPs developed on the Adriatic

microcontinent

(Apulian, Adriatic-Gavrovo-Tripolitza)

• Menderes platform

• Taurus platforms

South:

• Eratosthenes Carbonate Platform

• Levant and Egyptian Margin


7

(Gardosh et al., 2010)

Examples from Eastern Mediterranean

Hyper extended margin with thin continental

crust (Inati et al., 2016)

Experience several tectonic processes:

• Rifting

• Passive margin development

• Convergence and ophiolite emplacement

(e.g., Dewey et al., 1973; Garfunkel, 2004;

Aksu et al., 2005; Le Pichon and Kreemer,

2010).

Bounded:

North: Collision zone

East: Stike-slip (major plate boundary)

West: Isolate Carbonate platform to the west

South: Nile delta


8

Seismic interpretationOffshor

e

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

R6

R7

R8


9

Eratosthenes Carbonate Platform


10

Seismic Interpretation

AB

A

B

Seismic

PackagesAge Events

Lower

Bounding

surface

Upper Bounding

surface

Reflection

configuration

SP 8 Pliocene Irregular

surface/trunca

tion

Irregular

surface/truncation

Parallel to subparallel

configuration

SP 7 Messinian

MSC

Irregular

surface/trunca

tion

Irregular

surface/truncation

Reflection free

configuration

(transparent)

SP 6 Late Miocene

CO

NV

ERG

ENC

E P

HA

SE

CO

LISI

ON

(sili

sicl

asti

cin

flu

x)

Onlaps

Onlaps on the

margin

Irregular surface/

truncation


reflection and minor

chaotic reflections

SP 5 Early Miocene Conformable

Onlaps on the

margin

minor truncation Subparallel configurations

with some high amplitude

condensed intervals

SP 4 Oligocene Irregular

surface/trunca

tion

Conformable parallel to subparallel

configurations/

Progradational sigmoid

configuration with minor

chaotic intercalations

SP3 Late

Cretaceous-

Eocene

Onlap surface Irregular

surface/truncation


reflections intercalated

with some chaotic

configuration

SP2 Cretaceous

PO

STR

IFT

PH

ASE

Baselap Comformable High amplitude parallel to

subparallel configuration

with some mounded

intervals

SP1 Late Jurassic -Onlaps Baselap Parallel to subparallel

reflections with some

minor chaotic intervals(Hawie et al., 2013)

Offshor

e


11

Seismic Interpretation

C

D

C

D

B

ER1=Mid Jurassic

Mid Jurassic

Tassy et al., 2015

Offshor

e

Tassy et al., 2015

C


12

Tethyan Carbonate Platforms (Apulia)

• Similarly during the Mesozoic, the

Apulian platform was isolated and could

be a good analogue.

• Deep-water gravity flow carbonates of

Late Cretaceous outcropping in the

Gargano Peninsula and the Maiella

Mountain are analogous with

Eratosthenes gravity driven deposits .

Santantonio et al., 2013

D

C


13

Hellenic Arc (Offshore Crete)

NE0.0

Km

SW Libyan Margin Backstop Crete

10.0

20.0

30.0

100.0 200.0 300.0

Km/s

Km

CRETE

24 2623 25

34

33

Hellenic Arc

Fold belt

CM: Cretan margin

BS: Backstop

MR: Accretionary prism

Bounded

North: Crete

South: African plate

East: Herodotus Basin

West: Hellenic trench

Makris et al., 2013


14

Shallow carbonates corerspond to the

Gavrovo-Tripolis Zone outcropping

onshore along the southern coastline of

Crete


3.5

2.5

4.5

5.5

1.5

km

`

Carbonate Built up

Plio-Pleistocene

Messinian Evaporites

7 km0

Mesozoic Carbonates

(after Papanikolaou et al., 2010)

34

33

32

31

24 2623 25

CRETE

?


15


NW SE

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

km

20 km

NW SECarbonate Built up Neogene (Flysh

Sediments) Messinian Evaporites

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 kmBasement ?

Mesozoic Carbonates

?

34

24 2623 25

33

32

31

CRETE


16

• The position of basement-high (ICPs) is controlled by structures inherited from therifting.

• Studies on Eratosthenes and Apulia carbonate platforms point out the fundamentaldifferences between platform facies and basinal facies.

• Tectonism is related with the initiation and the drowning of carbonate platform(including both compressional and extensional tectonics).

• The distance of the paleo-relief from the continent has a fundamental role in theevolution of a carbonate platform.

Understanding the regional geology is great tool for HC exploration!

Conclusions


17

+ Sample Text

2018, All rights reserved, Hellenic Hydrocarbon Resources Management S.A. (“HHRM S.A.”)Copyright NoticeThis brochure has been designed by HHRM S.A. and it is protected by any applicable copyright and other intellectual property laws. This document is the exclusive property of HHRM S.A.. No portion of this document may be reproduced or duplicated, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of HHRM S.A. and any review, use, distribution or disclosure of the information contained herein by unauthorised persons is strictly prohibited.

Thank you for your attention!


18

ESP1- 2: LATE JURASSIC?

Depth map of top ESP1-2 seismic unit.

Offshor

e


19


NW SE

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

km

20 km

NW SECarbonate Built up

Neogene (FlyshSediments) Messinian

Evaporites

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

20 km Basement ?

Mesozoic Carbonates

?

34

24 2623 25

33

32

31

CRETE

Salt Diapir

Tilted blocks

Carbonate Built up

Neogene(Flysh Sediments)

MES Messinian Evaporites


20

ESP3: EARLY CRETACEOUS

Depth map of top ESP3 Seismic unit.

Zhor

Offshor

e


21

ESP4: CRETACEOUS

Depth map of top ESP4seismic unit.

Conceptual model: (OMAN) Droste, 2010

Offshor

e

Bertello et al., 2016


22

ESP6- Miocene

966

Legend

Offshor

e

Robertson, 1998


23

Miocene Carbonate PlatformCollision of Africa- Eurasia

8°

Offshor

e


24

Offshore Israel

Offshor

e


25

Offshore Western Greece: The current study

Abyssal plain-escarpment (Calabrian)

Apulian platform (A)

Hellenides FTB (i.e. Ionian z.)? FTB extensiontransition

North of KTF

Mesozoic carbonates

Basement ?


26

Top Cretaceous-Paleocene carbonates corresponds to the top of undifferentiated, i.e.

pelagic versus shallow-water carbonates belonging to the Hellenides Thrust and Fold

Belt.

The top undifferentiated carbonates is most often represented by the base Neogene

Flysch but these carbonates could also be directly onlapped by Messinian or Pliocene

sediments.

The distinction between shallow-water versus pelagic carbonates is made on the base

of regional knowledge and seismic facies comparison with the North Ionian Offshore.

Then shallow-water carbonates are mostly characterized by a massive transparent

facies showing little internal stratification as on seismic line 3014 across the Chryssi-

Koufonissi block between the Ptolemy and Pliny troughs and on previous figures

showing seismic Knowing that only future drilling will enable further distinction,

carbonates that does not look like shallow-water carbonates are by default attributed tothe Pindos series in the continental margin

chasing hydrocarbon reserves in carbonate buildups ...31.pdf · carbonates that does not look like...

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