chassis design workbook

8/2/2019 Chassis Design Workbook

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chassis-design-workbook 1/75

18-Jan-05MECH-540

VehicleRequirements Weight Rank Weight * Rank Rank Weight * Rank Rank Weight * Rank Rank

Access to Vehicle 25 2 50 2 50 5 125 0

Published Resources 15 4 60 4 60 3 45 3

Technical Appeal 15 3 45 4 60 2 30 5

Drivetrain Layout 15 3 45 4 60 2 30 5

Aesthetics 10 4 40 4 40 2 20 5

In-depth Technical Data 20 4 80 3 60 5 100 3

Totals 100 320 330 350

Access to Vehicle

Published Resources

Technical Appeal

Drivetrain Layout

Aesthetics

In-depth Technical Data

5 Why's1 Independent Suspension

a MacPhearson Strut Front Suspension

- Less parts to manufacture

- On-axis spring to reduce bending forces on strut

- Spherical bearing to allow free range of steering motion

- 4-way adjustable for changing driving conditions

- Subframe is rubber mounted for a supple ride

b Double Wishbone w/Trailing Arm Rear Suspension

- Allows for negative camber gain upon suspension compression

- Allows for toe change with suspension travel

- Trailing arm maintains lateral wheel position

- Independent suspension for light weight unsprung mass

Vehicle Selection Guide

Marc Henderson & Ryan Warpup

C6 Corvette ZO6 Lotus Elise 1992 Eagle Talon Tsi

Visual Appeal, Aerodynamically Pleasant

Service Manuals, Technical Drawings

Dealership, Ownership, Kettering University Fleet, Personal, etc.

Books, Web-sites, Drawings, Articles, General Information

Vechicle Complexity, Advanced Design

FWD, RWD, AWD, Front/Mid/Rear Engine



- Anti-Lift geometry

c Anti-Sway Bars Front and Rear

- Aids in roll stiffness

- Allows car to stay flat during cornering

- Transfers weight where it is needed during cornering

- Urethane bushings reduce compliance to allow sway bar to take mo

- Stiff rear sway bar for more weight transfer to the outside front tire

d Negative Static Camber

- Maintains consistent tire temperature while cornering

- Stability during braking

- Stability during acceleration

- Compensates for lack of camber curve

- Flat tire wear with toe out

e Welded Rear Control Arms

- Eliminates dynamic rear toe

- Design was left over from Galant VR-4 which had a hydraulic steeri

- Car will now have more of an oversteering attitude

- Faster lap times

- More even tire wear

2 All Wheel Drivea Open Front Differential

- Stable straight line performance

- No torque steer

- Predictable in adverse weather conditions

- Understeer characteristics for safety

- Cost effective

b Viscouse Coupled Center Differential

- Allows 50/50 torque split front to rear

- Viscous fluid needs to heat up to lock differential

- Time delay allows for slippage until fluid heats up

- Simple, cost effective

- Operates as open differential until slippage occurs

c Limited Slip Rear Differential



- Lighter weight than a solid disk of equal capacity

- Cast iron for low cost

- Better reliability vs. cross drilled rotors

d High Performance Brake Pads

- Higher than stock coefficient of friction

- Less brake fade when hot

- Low amount of dust due to carbon metallic construction

- Low noise due to backing plate on pad

- Long life since the compound is harder than stock

e Steel Braided Brake Lines

- More consistent brake feel

- Less brake pedal displacement required to stop vehicle

- Abrasion resistant

- Teflon lines do not expand under pressure

- Red vinyl coating adds bling

4 Power Steering

a Rack and Pinion

- Mounted low to keep vehicle CG low

- Mounted behing engine due to space availability

- Location behind axle plane keeps polar moment of inertia down

- Forward facing tie rod placement allows for ackermann steering

- Power assisted for easy steering

b Power Steering Cooler

- Keeps power steering fluid cool for consistent operation

- Mounted in air path for efficient cooling

- Longevity ingreased by keeping heat down

- Annodized black for stealth appearance

- High pressure lines to contain pressure

c Momo 320mm Steering Wheel

- Collapseable mounting flange for crash protection

- Small diameter for quicker steering

- Large ring diameter for comfort

- Aluminum for light weight



- Blue annodized to add bling

d Steering Column

- Collapseable tubes for crash protection

- Height adjustable to accommodate varying drivers

- Ball bearing supported for smooth operation

- Zinc plated to resist corrosion

- Used as attachement point for turn signal stock and wiper stock

e Other Parts

- Ball joints on end of tie rods for bind free operation

- Cast iron McPhearson knuckles for low cost

- Rubber boots to shield rack from dirt and moisture

- Negative scrub radius so vehicle tracks straight on uneven surfaces

- Spherical bearing to allow free range of steering motion

5 Falken Azenis 225/45/17 Tires and 17 x 7.5" Wheelsa Rota Subzero Wheels

- Lighter than stock: 16.5 lbs

- Larger diameter than stock 16" wheels

- Wider than stock wheels

- Enhanced appearance over stock wheels

- Larger diameter and width enhance handling

b Falken Azenis Tires

- Good road adhesion

- Stiff sidewalls for better cornering

- Low aspect ratio for improved steering response

- Affordable price

- Best performing non-R compound tire

c H+R Wheel Spacers

- Magneseum alloy for light weight

- Corrosion resistant annodizing

- +5mm to provide clearance for spring perch while running -2deg ca

- Additional track width for flatter cornering

- Pushes wheel flush with fender for aggressive stance

d Lug Nuts/Wheel Studs

- Mounts wheel to hub



- Nuts used instead of lug bolts for ease of mounting

- Longer wheel studs accommodate wheel spacers

- Cone seat to center wheel

- Hubcentric wheel adapters to center wheel

e Valve Stem

- Provides location to inflate tire

- Valve stem cap has rubber o-ring to prevent air leaks

- Rubber for flexibility

- Mounted inboard from outside of wheel to protect valve stem

- Valve stem cap prevents unwanted debris from deflating the tire



Weight * Rank

0

45

75

75

50

60

305

cLaren F1



st of the load

Galant VR-4 rear suspension Static Cruise Condition

g rack



nsmission vibrations



ber



Toe in during heavy braking Toe out during heavy acceleration



Understeer condition while cornering



Galant VR-4 rear suspension controlled by hydraulic steering rack



Top View of Rear Suspension



Back View of Rear Suspension



1992 Eagle Talon Tsi AWD

Layout Curb

Bod /frame Tes

Valvetrain dohc 4-valve/cyl Brakes: Front

Dis lacement Rear

Bore x stroke Assist type Wh

Com ression ratio Total swe t area T

Horsepower (DIN) Swept area/ton

Bh /liter Wheels

Tor ue

Redline Tires Ground c

Fuel in ection Trun

Steering rack & pinion, pwr asst

Overall ratio Seatin

Turns, lock to lock 2.7 Head roo

Turning circle 11.07571 m

Seat wid

Front-seat l

Seatback adSe

Rear-seat kn

Time to speed

0-30 m h 1.10-40 mph 1.90-50 m h 2.50-60 mph 3.10-70 m h 5.70-80 mph 6.40-90 m h 7.40-100 m h 9.6

Time to distance

0-100 ft 2.4

0-500 ft 6.50-900 ft 9.60-1320 ft (1/4 mile)

Subjective r

average, p

Acceleration

12.0 @ 116 mph

Seconds

SPECIFICATIO

PERFORMAN

Suspension

180.8006888

7500 rpm470 lb-ft @ 3200 rpm

Front: MacPherson struts, double-pivot lower L-

arms, coil springs, tube shocks, anti-roll bar

Rear: multilink, coil springs, tube shocks, anti-roll bar

Weight d

drive

Fuel

elect. sequential port

premium

unleaded/leaded,

94/110 octane

na9.3:1420 bhp @ 6500 rpm

225/45/17 r

225/45/17 f,Falken Azenis Sport;17 x 7.5 f, 17 x 7.5 r

aluminum alloy;na

86.0 x 100 mm2323 cc

vacuum assist10.4-in. solid discs10.8-in. vented discs

unit steel

Engine Chassis & BodyType cast-iron block &

alloy head, inline-4front engine/AWD

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30



Fundamental Chassis Design ParametersDescription Variable Value Units

Gravity g = 9.81 (m/s² )

lbf-to-N 1(lbf) = 4.44822 N

in-to-mm 1(in) = 25.4 mm

Curb weight unloaded mv,ul = 3125 lbf

Curb force unloaded Fv,ul = 13900.6875 N

Curb weight 2 passengers mv,o = 3455 lbf

Curb force 2 passengers Fv,o = 15368.6001 N

Weight distribution unloaded - front iWD,ul,f = 56.8320% (1)

Weight distribution unloaded - rear iWD,ul,r = 43.1680% (1)

Weight distribution 2 passengers - front iWD,2p,f = 55.8032% (1)

Weight distribution 2 passengers - rear iWD,2p,r = 44.1968% (1)

Overall vehicle length Lt = 4380.000 mm

Wheelbase l = 2470 mm

Front axle to CG length lv,f = 1066.2496 mmRear axle to CG length lv,r = 1403.7504 mm

Overall vehicle width Yv,ISO = 1700 mm

Track width front bf = 1465 mm

Track width rear br = 1455 mm

Ratio of wheelbase to vehicle length il = 0.563926941 (1)

ib = (1)

CG height, no load hv,o = 475.186375 mm

CG height, 2 passengers hv,2p = 475.186375 mm Dhv,2p = +0

CG height, 4 passengers hv,4p = 467.186375 Dhv,4p = -8

Overall unloaded height hul = 1284.2875 mmCG height ratio iul = 0.37 (1)

Unsprung to body weight ratio front im,f = 0.14 (1)

Unsprung to body weight ratio rear im,r = 0.14 (1)

Force of vehicle on front FV,f = 7900.03872 N

2 pass force of vehicle front

Mass of vehicle on front mV,f = 1776 lbf

Force of vehicle on rear FV,r = 6000.64878 N

Mass of vehicle on rear mV, r = 1349 lbf

Front weight distribution iV,f = 56.83%

Rear weight distribution iV,R = 43.17%Unsprung force, front FU,f = 970.1802 N

Unsprung mass, front mU,f = 218.1053 lbf

Unsprung force, rear FU,r = 736.9218 N

Unsprung mass, rear mU,r = 165.6667 lbf

Body force FBo = 12193.5855 N

Body weight mBo = 2741.22807 lbf

0.36 ≤ iul ≤



Body force 2 pass FBo,2pass 13661.4981 N

Body weight 2 pass mBo,2 pass 3071.22807 lbf

Body weight front FBo,f = 6929.8585 N

Body weight rear FBo,r = 5263.7270 N

Tire diameter front rdyn,f = 317.15 mm

Tire diameter rear rdyn,r = 317.15 mm

Height of body CG hBo = 497.3114675 mm

Height of body CG front hBo,f = 497.3114675 mm

Height of body CG rear hBo,r = 497.3114675 mm

Dynamic moment of intertia of body JY,Bo = 3921.651123 kgm 2 pass

Pitch Intertia Radius iY,Bo = 1.13 m 2 pass

Dynamic moment of intertia of body JX,Bo = 1257.975018 kgm 2 pass

Roll Intertia Radius iX,Bo = 0.64 m 2 pass

Dynamic moment of intertia of vehicle JZ,V = kgm 2 pass

iZ,V = 1.15 m 2 pass

Front body corner bounce frequency fBo,f = 1.4 Hz

Ride Frequency Ratio fBo,r /fBo,f = 1.107142857 (1) 1.1 for goo

Rear body corner bounce frequency fBo,r = 1.55 Hz

Spring rate of tire front cT,f = 390 N/mm

Spring rate of tire rear cT,r = 390 N/mm

Ride Rate front cR,f = 27.33009703 N/mm

Ride Rate rear cR,r = 25.4458807 N/mm

Rate of the body supporting spring at parallel

springing,

related to the centre of tyre contact of one axle

side, front cf = 29.38963987 N/mm

Rate of the body supporting spring at parallel

springing,

related to the centre of tyre contact of one axle

side, rear cr = 27.2220034 N/mm

Unsprung natural frequency front fU,f = 14.65724273 Hz

Unsprung natural frequency rear fU,r = 16.77422789 Hz

fU,f /fBo,f = 10.46945909 (1) greater tha

fU,r /fBo,r = 10.82208251 (1) greater tha

Lever ratio front iLR,f = 0.92 (1) calculatedLever ratio rear iLR,r = 0.844 (1) calculated

Static rate of spring, front cSp,f = 32.98695402 N/mm 188.3604

Static rate of spring, reat cSp,r = 36.3043609 N/mm 207.3033

Kingpin offset at ground (scrub radius) rσ = 12 mm δi,max =

Max tire width Bmax,f = 231.14 mm cotδi =

SPRINGING

STEERING



Inside road wheel angle δi,max = 35 deg j =

Steering wheel lock to lock nLTL = 2.7 turns cotδA,O =

Kinematic steering ratio is = 15.14018692 (1) tanδA,O =

Mean road wheel angle δm = 32.1 deg δA,O =

Steering wheel angle δH = 486 deg δA,O =

Outside road wheel angle for ackermannsteering δA,o,max = 26.43332026 deg

Outside raod wheel angle δo,max = 29.2 deg

Ackerman steer angle ΔδA = 8.566679744 deg

Differential steer angle Δδ = 5.8 deg

Steering deviation ΔδF = 2.766679744 deg

Curb to curb turning circle Dtc,kb = 11.07570527 m

aX,B = m/s

gX,DO = (1)

aY = m/s

gY = (1)μX,W = (1)

μY,W = (1)

iABR = (1)

FB,f = N

FB,r = N

Roll gradient RGV = 3 deg/gY

Roll gradient, front RGf = 3 deg/gY

Roll gradient, rear RGr = 3 deg/gY

Height of roll center, front hRo,f = 50 mmHeight of roll center, rear hRo,r = 80 mm

Height of body roll center at body CG hRo,Bo = 62.95 mm

Front suspension roll stiffness cΦ,f,t= 1033.268396 Nm/deg

Rear suspension roll stiffness cΦ,r,t = 732.2045463 Nm/deg

Front wheel rate contribution to roll stiffness cΦ,f = 550.4487449 Nm/deg

Rear wheel rate contribution to roll stiffness cΦ,r = 502.9136721 Nm/degFront antiroll bar system contribution to front roll

stiffness c ARB,Φ,f = 482.8196508 Nm/deg

Rear antiroll bar system contribution to rear roll

stiffness c ARB,Φ,r = 229.2908742 Nm/deg

Body roll Φbo = deg

iBPR = (1)

iBBG = (1)

Diameter of front master cylinder piston DMCP,f = 29 mm

Diameter of rear master cylinder piston DMCP,r = 29 mm

BODY ROLL

BRAKING COMPONENTS



Diameter or front brake caliper pistion DBCP,f = 39 mm

Diameter of rear brake caliper piston DBCP,r = 46 mm

Diameter of front brake rotor DBR,f = 156.21 mm

Diameter of rear brake rotor DBR,r = 149.86 mm

Brake pad coefficient of friction μBPAR = 0.4 (1)

Braking distance from 60 mph 36.576 m

Maximum braking gB = 1.002536188 (1)

Maximum braking deceleration aX,B = 9.83488 m/s

Braking force - front, longitudinal, 2 passengers FX,B,f,2p = 11569.5949 N

Braking force - rear, longitudinal, 2 passengers FX,B,r,2p = 3837.982852 N

Braking normal force - front, 2 passengers FZ,B,f,2p = 11540.32647 N

Braking normal force - rear, 2 passengers FZ,B,r,2p = 3828.273632 N

Braking moment - front, 2 passengers MY,U,B,f,2p = 3669.297023 Nm

Braking moment - rear, 2 passengers MY,U,B,r,2p = 1217.216262 Nm

Balanced Braking Ratio iBBR = 2.7 (1) Dependent

Fixed Braking Ratio iFBR = 3 (1) Ranges fro

BRAKING



Left Front = 905 Right Front = 871 Left Front = 4025.639 Right Front = 3874.4

Left Rear = 670 Right Rear = 679 Left Rear = 2980.307 Right Rear = 3020.341

Measured Corner Weights 2 Pass Loaded (lbf) Measured Corner Weights 2 Pass Loaded (lbf)

Left Front = 983 Right Front = 945 Left Front = 4372.6 Right Front = 4203.568

Left Rear = 762 Right Rear = 765 Left Rear = 3389.544 Right Rear = 3402.888

2 Pass = 330 lbf

2 Pass = 1467.913 N

mm pg. 391

m pg. 391

pg. 392

Corner Forces Unloaded (N)

0.4

Measured Corner Weights Unloaded (lbf)



Width 225 mm

Aspect Ratio 45.00%

Wheel Diamet 17 in

Wheel Diamet 431.8 mm

Max Section 231.14 mm

pg. 396

pg. 396

pg. 396

pg. 396

pg. 396

pg. 396

Measured Values

H+R Sport Springs

ride KYB AGX Dampers

Falken Azenis Tires

28.3600 N/mm

25.9713 N/mm

30.58402945 N/mm

27.82419903 N/mm

14.67809924 Hz

16.78632903 Hz

10 for good ride 10.4843566

10 for good ride 10.8298897

ased on dimensions 0.92ased on dimensions 0.844 Stock

lbs/in 34.32753778 N/mm 26

lbs/in 37.10747326 N/mm 25

0.610865238 rad

1.428148007

Tire Data



1441

2.011548816

0.497129372 rad

0.461348471 deg

26.43332026



on Braking G-level, value based on 1G

m 1



Fundamental Chassis Design ParametersDescription Variable

Gravity g =

lbf-to-N 1(lbf) =

in-to-mm 1(in) =

Curb weight unloaded mv,ul =

Curb force unloaded Fv,ul =

Curb weight 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle mv,o =

Curb force 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle Fv,o =

Weight distribution unloaded - front iWD,ul,f =

Weight distribution unloaded - rear iWD,ul,r =

Weight distribution 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle - front iWD,2p,f =

Weight distribution 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle - rear iWD,2p,r =

Overall vehicle length Lt =

Wheelbase l =

Front axle to CG length lv,f =Rear axle to CG length lv,r =

Overall vehicle width Yv,ISO =

Track width front bf =

Track width rear br =

Ratio of wheelbase to vehicle length il =

ib =

CG height, no load hv,o =

CG height, 2 passengers hv,2p =

CG height, 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle hv,4p =

Overall unloaded height hul =CG height ratio iul =

Unsprung to body weight ratio front im,f =

Unsprung to body weight ratio rear im,r =

Force of vehicle on front FV,f =

2 pass force of vehicle front

Mass of vehicle on front mV,f =

Force of vehicle on rear FV,r =

Mass of vehicle on rear mV, r =

Front weight distribution iV,f =

Rear weight distribution iV,R =

Unsprung force, front FU,f =

Unsprung mass, front mU,f =

Unsprung force, rear FU,r =

Unsprung mass, rear mU,r =

Body force FBo =

Body weight mBo =



Body force 2 pass FBo,2pass

Body weight 2 pass mBo,2 pass

Body weight front FBo,f =

Body weight rear FBo,r =

Tire diameter front rdyn,f =

Tire diameter rear rdyn,r =

Height of body CG hBo =

Height of body CG front hBo,f =

Height of body CG rear hBo,r =

Dynamic moment of intertia of body JY,Bo =

Pitch Intertia Radius iY,Bo =

Dynamic moment of intertia of body JX,Bo =

Roll Intertia Radius iX,Bo =

Dynamic moment of intertia of vehicle JZ,V =

iZ,V =

Front body corner bounce frequency fBo,f =

Ride Frequency Ratio fBo,r /fBo,f =

Rear body corner bounce frequency fBo,r =

Spring rate of tire front cT,f =

Spring rate of tire rear cT,r =

Ride Rate front cR,f =

Ride Rate rear cR,r =

Rate of the body supporting spring at parallel springing,

related to the centre of tyre contact of one axle side, front cf =

Rate of the body supporting spring at parallel springing,

related to the centre of tyre contact of one axle side, rear cr =

Unsprung natural frequency front fU,f =

Unsprung natural frequency rear fU,r =

fU,f /fBo,f =

fU,r /fBo,r =

Lever ratio front iLR,f =

Lever ratio rear iLR,r =

Static rate of spring, front cSp,f =

Static rate of spring, reat cSp,r =

Kingpin offset at ground (scrub radius) rσ =

Max tire width Bmax,f =

Inside road wheel angle δi,max =

SPRINGING

STEERING



Steering wheel lock to lock nLTL =

Kinematic steering ratio is =

Mean road wheel angle δm =

Steering wheel angle δH =

Outside road wheel angle for ackermann steering δA,o,max =

Outside raod wheel angle δo,max =

Ackerman steer angle ΔδA =

Differential steer angle Δδ =

Steering deviation ΔδF =

PA =

Curb to curb turning circle Dtc,kb =

aX,B =

gX,DO =

aY =

gY =

μX,W

=

μY,W =

iBBR =

iFBR =

iABR =

FB,f =

FB,r =

RGV =

RGf =

RGr =

hRo,f =

hRo,r =

hRo,Bo =

ct,Φ,f =

ct,Φ,r =

cΦ,f =

cΦ,r =

c ARB,Φ,f =

c ARB,Φ,r =

Φbo =

iBPR =

iBBG =

DMCP,f =

DMCP,r =

DBCP,f =

DBCP,r =

DBR,f =

DBR,r =



μBPAR =

Braking distance from 60 mph

Maximum braking gB =

Maximum braking deceleration aX,B =

Braking force - front, longitudinal, 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle FX,B,f,2p =

Braking force - rear, longitudinal, 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle FX,B,r,2p =

Braking normal force - front, 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle FZ,B,f,2p =

Braking normal force - rear, 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle FZ,B,r,2p =

Braking moment - front, 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle MY,U,B,f,2p =

Braking moment - rear, 2 passengers, fully loaded rear axle MY,U,B,r,2p =

BRAKING



Value Units

9.81 (m/s² ) Left Front = 905 Right Front = 871

4.44822 N Left Rear = 670 Right Rear = 679

25.4 mm

3125 lbf Measured Corner Weights 2 Pass, Fully Loaded Rear Axle (lbf)

13900.6875 N Left Front = 983 Right Front = 945

3955 lbf Left Rear = 1012 Right Rear = 1015

17592.7101 N

56.8320% (1) 2 Pass = 330 lbf

43.1680% (1) 2 Pass = 1467.913 N

48.7484% (1)

51.2516% (1)

4380.000 mm 3692.0226 831.5366

2470 mm 330

1066.2496 mm1403.7504 mm

1700 mm

1465 mm

1455 mm

0.563926941 (1)

(1)

475.186375 mm

487.186375 mm Dhv,2p = +12 mm pg. 391

467.186375 Dhv,4p = -8 mm pg. 391

1284.2875 mm0.37 (1) pg. 392

0.14 (1)

0.14 (1)

7900.03872 N

1776 lbf

6000.64878 N

1349 lbf

56.83%

43.17%

970.1802 N

218.1053 lbf

736.9218 N

165.6667 lbf

12193.5855 N

2741.22807 lbf

0.36 ≤ iul ≤ 0.4

Measured Corner Weights Unloaded (lbf)



13661.4981 N

3071.22807 lbf

6929.8585 N

5263.7270 N

317.15 mm Width 225 mm

317.15 mm Aspect Ratio 45.00%

497.3114675 mm Wheel Diameter 17 in

mm Wheel Diameter 431.8 mm

mm Max Section Width 231.14 mm

3921.651123 kgm 2 pass pg. 396

1.13 m 2 pass pg. 396

1257.975018 kgm 2 pass pg. 396

0.64 m 2 pass pg. 396

kgm 2 pass pg. 396

1.15 m 2 pass pg. 396

Measured Values

1.4 Hz H+R Sport Springs

1.107142857 (1) 1.1 for good ride KYB AGX Dampers

1.55 Hz Falken Azenis Tires

390 N/mm

390 N/mm

27.33009703 N/mm 28.3600 N/mm

25.4458807 N/mm 25.9713 N/mm

29.38963987 N/mm spring rate 30.58402945 N/mm

27.2220034 N/mm spring rate 27.82419903 N/mm

14.65724273 Hz 14.67809924 Hz

16.77422789 Hz 16.78632903 Hz

10.46945909 (1) greater than 10 for good ride 10.4843566

10.82208251 (1) greater than 10 for good ride 10.8298897

0.92 (1) calculated based on dimensions 0.92

0.844 (1) calculated based on dimensions 0.844

32.98695402 N/mm 188.3604 lbs/in 34.32753778 N/mm

36.3043609 N/mm 207.3033 lbs/in 37.10747326 N/mm

12 mm δi,max = 0.610865238 rad

231.14 mm cotδi = 1.428148007

35 deg j = 1441

Tire Data



2.7 turns cotδA,O = 2.011548816

15.14018692 (1) tanδA,O = 0.497129372 rad

32.1 deg δA,O = 0.461348471 deg

486 deg δA,O = 26.43332026

26.43332026 deg

29.2 deg

8.566679744 deg

5.8 deg

2.766679744 deg

%

11.07570527 m

m/s

(1)

m/s

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

N

N

deg/gY

deg/gY

deg/gY

mm

mm

mm

Nm/deg

Nm/deg

Nm/deg

Nm/deg

Nm/deg

Nm/deg

deg

(1)

(1)

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm



(1)

36.576 m

1.002536188 (1)

9.83488 m/s

12085.55405 N

5551.774458 N

12054.98036 N

5537.729736 N

3832.933468 Nm

1760.745269 Nm



Left Front = 4025.639 Right Front = 3874.4

Left Rear = 2980.307 Right Rear = 3020.341

Measured Corner Weights 2 Pass Loaded (lbf)

Left Front = 4372.6 Right Front = 4203.568

Left Rear = 4501.599 Right Rear = 4514.943

Corner Forces Unloaded (N)



Stock

26

25



FX,B,2p FX,B,f,2p FX,B,r,2p FZ,B, 2p FZ,B,f, 2p FZ,B,r, 2p MY,U,B,f,2p MY,U,B,r,2p

0 0 0 0 15368.6 8576.168 6792.432 0 0

0.01 153.686 86.05735 67.62865 15368.6 8605.735 6762.865 27.29309 21.44843

0.02 307.372 172.706 134.666 15368.6 8635.301 6733.299 54.77372 42.70931

0.03 461.058 259.946 201.112 15368.6 8664.868 6703.732 82.44189 63.78266

0.04 614.744 347.7774 266.9666 15368.6 8694.435 6674.166 110.2976 84.66846

0.05 768.43 436.2001 332.2299 15368.6 8724.001 6644.599 138.3408 105.3667

0.06 922.116 525.2141 396.9019 15368.6 8753.568 6615.032 166.5716 125.8775

0.07 1075.802 614.8194 460.9826 15368.6 8783.134 6585.466 194.99 146.2006

0.08 1229.488 705.0161 524.4719 15368.6 8812.701 6555.899 223.5958 166.3363

0.09 1383.174 795.8041 587.3699 15368.6 8842.268 6526.333 252.3893 186.2844

0.1 1536.86 887.1834 649.6766 15368.6 8871.834 6496.766 281.3702 206.0449

0.11 1690.546 979.1541 711.3919 15368.6 8901.401 6467.199 310.5387 225.618

0.12 1844.232 1071.716 772.5159 15368.6 8930.967 6437.633 339.8948 245.0034

0.13 1997.918 1164.869 833.0486 15368.6 8960.534 6408.066 369.4383 264.2014

0.14 2151.604 1258.614 892.9899 15368.6 8990.101 6378.5 399.1695 283.2118

0.15 2305.29 1352.95 952.3399 15368.6 9019.667 6348.933 429.0881 302.0346

0.16 2458.976 1447.877 1011.099 15368.6 9049.234 6319.366 459.1943 320.66990.17 2612.662 1543.396 1069.266 15368.6 9078.8 6289.8 489.4881 339.1177

0.18 2766.348 1639.506 1126.842 15368.6 9108.367 6260.233 519.9693 357.3779

0.19 2920.034 1736.207 1183.827 15368.6 9137.933 6230.667 550.6382 375.4506

0.2 3073.72 1833.5 1240.22 15368.6 9167.5 6201.1 581.4945 393.3358

0.21 3227.406 1931.384 1296.022 15368.6 9197.067 6171.533 612.5384 411.0334

0.22 3381.092 2029.859 1351.233 15368.6 9226.633 6141.967 643.7699 428.5435

0.23 3534.778 2128.926 1405.852 15368.6 9256.2 6112.4 675.1889 445.866

0.24 3688.464 2228.584 1459.88 15368.6 9285.766 6082.834 706.7954 463.001

0.25 3842.15 2328.833 1513.317 15368.6 9315.333 6053.267 738.5895 479.9484

0.26 3995.836 2429.674 1566.162 15368.6 9344.9 6023.7 770.5711 496.7083

0.27 4149.522 2531.106 1618.416 15368.6 9374.466 5994.134 802.7402 513.2807

0.28 4303.208 2633.129 1670.079 15368.6 9404.033 5964.567 835.0969 529.66550.29 4456.894 2735.744 1721.15 15368.6 9433.599 5935.001 867.6412 545.8628

0.3 4610.58 2838.95 1771.63 15368.6 9463.166 5905.434 900.3729 561.8725

0.31 4764.266 2942.747 1821.519 15368.6 9492.733 5875.867 933.2923 577.6947

0.32 4917.952 3047.136 1870.816 15368.6 9522.299 5846.301 966.3991 593.3294

0.33 5071.638 3152.116 1919.522 15368.6 9551.866 5816.734 999.6935 608.7765

0.34 5225.324 3257.687 1967.637 15368.6 9581.432 5787.168 1033.175 624.0361

0.35 5379.01 3363.85 2015.16 15368.6 9610.999 5757.601 1066.845 639.1081

0.36 5532.696 3470.604 2062.092 15368.6 9640.566 5728.034 1100.702 653.9926

0.37 5686.382 3577.949 2108.433 15368.6 9670.132 5698.468 1134.747 668.6896

0.38 5840.068 3685.886 2154.182 15368.6 9699.699 5668.901 1168.979 683.199

0.39 5993.754 3794.414 2199.341 15368.6 9729.265 5639.335 1203.398 697.5208

0.4 6147.44 3903.533 2243.907 15368.6 9758.832 5609.768 1238.005 711.6552

0.41 6301.126 4013.243 2287.883 15368.6 9788.399 5580.201 1272.8 725.602

0.42 6454.812 4123.545 2331.267 15368.6 9817.965 5550.635 1307.782 739.3612

0.43 6608.498 4234.439 2374.059 15368.6 9847.532 5521.068 1342.952 752.9329

0.44 6762.184 4345.923 2416.261 15368.6 9877.098 5491.502 1378.31 766.3171

0.45 6915.87 4457.999 2457.871 15368.6 9906.665 5461.935 1413.854 779.5137

0.46 7069.556 4570.667 2498.89 15368.6 9936.232 5432.368 1449.587 792.5228

0.47 7223.242 4683.925 2539.317 15368.6 9965.798 5402.802 1485.507 805.3444

0.48 7376.928 4797.775 2579.153 15368.6 9995.365 5373.235 1521.614 817.9784

gB

2 Passenger Braking Performance



0.49 7530.614 4912.216 2618.398 15368.6 10024.93 5343.669 1557.909 830.4248

0.5 7684.3 5027.249 2657.051 15368.6 10054.5 5314.102 1594.392 842.6837

0.51 7837.986 5142.873 2695.113 15368.6 10084.06 5284.536 1631.062 854.7551

0.52 7991.672 5259.088 2732.584 15368.6 10113.63 5254.969 1667.92 866.639

0.53 8145.358 5375.895 2769.463 15368.6 10143.2 5225.402 1704.965 878.3353

0.54 8299.044 5493.293 2805.751 15368.6 10172.76 5195.836 1742.198 889.844

0.55 8452.73 5611.282 2841.448 15368.6 10202.33 5166.269 1779.618 901.16520.56 8606.416 5729.863 2876.553 15368.6 10231.9 5136.703 1817.226 912.2989

0.57 8760.102 5849.035 2911.067 15368.6 10261.46 5107.136 1855.021 923.2451

0.58 8913.788 5968.798 2944.99 15368.6 10291.03 5077.569 1893.004 934.0036

0.59 9067.474 6089.152 2978.322 15368.6 10320.6 5048.003 1931.175 944.5747

0.6 9221.16 6210.098 3011.062 15368.6 10350.16 5018.436 1969.533 954.9582

0.61 9374.846 6331.636 3043.21 15368.6 10379.73 4988.87 2008.078 965.1542

0.62 9528.532 6453.764 3074.768 15368.6 10409.3 4959.303 2046.811 975.1626

0.63 9682.218 6576.484 3105.734 15368.6 10438.86 4929.736 2085.732 984.9835

0.64 9835.904 6699.795 3136.109 15368.6 10468.43 4900.17 2124.84 994.6169

0.65 9989.59 6823.698 3165.892 15368.6 10498 4870.603 2164.136 1004.063

0.66 10143.28 6948.192 3195.084 15368.6 10527.56 4841.037 2203.619 1013.321

0.67 10296.96 7073.277 3223.685 15368.6 10557.13 4811.47 2243.29 1022.3920.68 10450.65 7198.954 3251.694 15368.6 10586.7 4781.903 2283.148 1031.275

0.69 10604.33 7325.222 3279.112 15368.6 10616.26 4752.337 2323.194 1039.97

0.7 10758.02 7452.081 3305.939 15368.6 10645.83 4722.77 2363.427 1048.479

0.71 10911.71 7579.532 3332.175 15368.6 10675.4 4693.204 2403.848 1056.799

0.72 11065.39 7707.573 3357.819 15368.6 10704.96 4663.637 2444.457 1064.932

0.73 11219.08 7836.207 3382.871 15368.6 10734.53 4634.07 2485.253 1072.878

0.74 11372.76 7965.431 3407.333 15368.6 10764.1 4604.504 2526.237 1080.636

0.75 11526.45 8095.247 3431.203 15368.6 10793.66 4574.937 2567.408 1088.206

0.76 11680.14 8225.654 3454.482 15368.6 10823.23 4545.371 2608.766 1095.589

0.77 11833.82 8356.653 3477.169 15368.6 10852.8 4515.804 2650.312 1102.784

0.78 11987.51 8488.243 3499.265 15368.6 10882.36 4486.237 2692.046 1109.792

0.79 12141.19 8620.424 3520.77 15368.6 10911.93 4456.671 2733.968 1116.612

0.8 12294.88 8753.197 3541.683 15368.6 10941.5 4427.104 2776.076 1123.2450.81 12448.57 8886.561 3562.005 15368.6 10971.06 4397.538 2818.373 1129.69

0.82 12602.25 9020.516 3581.736 15368.6 11000.63 4367.971 2860.857 1135.948

0.83 12755.94 9155.062 3600.876 15368.6 11030.2 4338.404 2903.528 1142.018

0.84 12909.62 9290.2 3619.424 15368.6 11059.76 4308.838 2946.387 1147.9

0.85 13063.31 9425.93 3637.381 15368.6 11089.33 4279.271 2989.434 1153.595

0.86 13217 9562.25 3654.746 15368.6 11118.9 4249.705 3032.668 1159.103

0.87 13370.68 9699.162 3671.52 15368.6 11148.46 4220.138 3076.089 1164.423

0.88 13524.37 9836.665 3687.703 15368.6 11178.03 4190.571 3119.698 1169.555

0.89 13678.05 9974.76 3703.294 15368.6 11207.6 4161.005 3163.495 1174.5

0.9 13831.74 10113.45 3718.294 15368.6 11237.16 4131.438 3207.479 1179.257

0.91 13985.43 10252.72 3732.703 15368.6 11266.73 4101.872 3251.651 1183.827

0.92 14139.11 10392.59 3746.521 15368.6 11296.3 4072.305 3296.01 1188.2090.93 14292.8 10533.05 3759.747 15368.6 11325.86 4042.738 3340.557 1192.404

0.94 14446.48 10674.1 3772.382 15368.6 11355.43 4013.172 3385.292 1196.411

0.95 14600.17 10815.75 3784.425 15368.6 11384.99 3983.605 3430.214 1200.23

0.96 14753.86 10957.98 3795.877 15368.6 11414.56 3954.039 3475.323 1203.862

0.97 14907.54 11100.8 3806.738 15368.6 11444.13 3924.472 3520.62 1207.307

0.98 15061.23 11244.22 3817.007 15368.6 11473.69 3894.905 3566.105 1210.564

0.99 15214.91 11388.23 3826.685 15368.6 11503.26 3865.339 3611.777 1213.633

1 15368.6 11532.83 3835.772 15368.6 11532.83 3835.772 3657.636 1216.515



1.01 15522.29 11678.02 3844.268 15368.6 11562.39 3806.206 3703.684 1219.21

1.02 15675.97 11823.8 3852.172 15368.6 11591.96 3776.639 3749.918 1221.716

1.03 15829.66 11970.17 3859.485 15368.6 11621.53 3747.072 3796.341 1224.036

1.04 15983.34 12117.14 3866.206 15368.6 11651.09 3717.506 3842.95 1226.167

1.05 16137.03 12264.69 3872.336 15368.6 11680.66 3687.939 3889.748 1228.111

1.06 16290.72 12412.84 3877.875 15368.6 11710.23 3658.373 3936.733 1229.868

1.07 16444.4 12561.58 3882.823 15368.6 11739.79 3628.806 3983.905 1231.4371.08 16598.09 12710.91 3887.179 15368.6 11769.36 3599.24 4031.265 1232.819

1.09 16751.77 12860.83 3890.943 15368.6 11798.93 3569.673 4078.812 1234.013

1.1 16905.46 13011.34 3894.117 15368.6 11828.49 3540.106 4126.547 1235.019

1.11 17059.15 13162.45 3896.699 15368.6 11858.06 3510.54 4174.47 1235.838

1.12 17212.83 13314.14 3898.69 15368.6 11887.63 3480.973 4222.58 1236.469

1.13 17366.52 13466.43 3900.089 15368.6 11917.19 3451.407 4270.878 1236.913

1.14 17520.2 13619.31 3900.898 15368.6 11946.76 3421.84 4319.363 1237.17

1.15 17673.89 13772.78 3901.114 15368.6 11976.33 3392.273 4368.036 1237.238

1.16 17827.58 13926.84 3900.74 15368.6 12005.89 3362.707 4416.896 1237.12

1.17 17981.26 14081.49 3899.774 15368.6 12035.46 3333.14 4465.944 1236.813

1.18 18134.95 14236.73 3898.217 15368.6 12065.03 3303.574 4515.179 1236.319

1.19 18288.63 14392.57 3896.068 15368.6 12094.59 3274.007 4564.602 1235.6381.2 18442.32 14548.99 3893.328 15368.6 12124.16 3244.44 4614.213 1234.769



iBBR, 2p FX,B,2p,FLRA FX,B,f,2p,FLRA FX,B,r,2p,FLRA FZ,B,2p,FLRA FZ,B,f,2p,FLRA FZ,B,r,2p,FLRA Y,U,B,f,2p,FLRA

0 0 0 0 17592.7101 9817.292351 7775.417749 0

1.272498 175.9271 98.46858948 77.45851152 17592.7101 9846.858948 7745.851152 31.22931

1.282477 351.8542 197.5285109 154.3256911 17592.7101 9876.425544 7716.284556 62.64617

1.292544 527.7813 297.1797642 230.6015388 17592.7101 9905.992141 7686.717959 94.25056

1.3027 703.7084 397.4223495 306.2860545 17592.7101 9935.558738 7657.151362 126.0425

1.312946 879.6355 498.2562667 381.3792383 17592.7101 9965.125334 7627.584766 158.022

1.323284 1055.563 599.6815159 455.8810901 17592.7101 9994.691931 7598.018169 190.189

1.333715 1231.49 701.6980969 529.7916101 17592.7101 10024.25853 7568.451572 222.5436

1.34424 1407.417 804.3060099 603.1107981 17592.7101 10053.82512 7538.884976 255.0857

1.35486 1583.344 907.5052549 675.8386541 17592.7101 10083.39172 7509.318379 287.8153

1.365577 1759.271 1011.295832 747.9751783 17592.7101 10112.95832 7479.751783 320.7325

1.376392 1935.198 1115.677741 819.5203705 17592.7101 10142.52491 7450.185186 353.8372

1.387306 2111.125 1220.650981 890.4742307 17592.7101 10172.09151 7420.618589 387.1295

1.398321 2287.052 1326.215554 960.836759 17592.7101 10201.65811 7391.051993 420.6093

1.409438 2462.979 1432.371459 1030.607955 17592.7101 10231.2247 7361.485396 454.2766

1.420659 2638.907 1539.118695 1099.78782 17592.7101 10260.7913 7331.918799 488.1315

1.431984 2814.834 1646.457264 1168.376352 17592.7101 10290.3579 7302.352203 522.17391.443416 2990.761 1754.387164 1236.373553 17592.7101 10319.92449 7272.785606 556.4039

1.454956 3166.688 1862.908396 1303.779422 17592.7101 10349.49109 7243.219009 590.8214

1.466606 3342.615 1972.020961 1370.593958 17592.7101 10379.05769 7213.652413 625.4264

1.478367 3518.542 2081.724857 1436.817163 17592.7101 10408.62428 7184.085816 660.219

1.49024 3694.469 2192.020085 1502.449036 17592.7101 10438.19088 7154.51922 695.1992

1.502228 3870.396 2302.906645 1567.489577 17592.7101 10467.75748 7124.952623 730.3668

1.514331 4046.323 2414.384537 1631.938786 17592.7101 10497.32407 7095.386026 765.7221

1.526553 4222.25 2526.453761 1695.796663 17592.7101 10526.89067 7065.81943 801.2648

1.538893 4398.178 2639.114317 1759.063208 17592.7101 10556.45727 7036.252833 836.9951

1.551355 4574.105 2752.366205 1821.738421 17592.7101 10586.02386 7006.686236 872.9129

1.56394 4750.032 2866.209424 1883.822303 17592.7101 10615.59046 6977.11964 909.0183

1.57665 4925.959 2980.643976 1945.314852 17592.7101 10645.15706 6947.553043 945.31121.589486 5101.886 3095.66986 2006.216069 17592.7101 10674.72365 6917.986446 981.7917

1.602451 5277.813 3211.287075 2066.525955 17592.7101 10704.29025 6888.41985 1018.46

1.615546 5453.74 3327.495623 2126.244508 17592.7101 10733.85685 6858.853253 1055.315

1.628773 5629.667 3444.295502 2185.37173 17592.7101 10763.42344 6829.286656 1092.358

1.642136 5805.594 3561.686713 2243.90762 17592.7101 10792.99004 6799.72006 1129.589

1.655634 5981.521 3679.669257 2301.852177 17592.7101 10822.55664 6770.153463 1167.007

1.669271 6157.449 3798.243132 2359.205403 17592.7101 10852.12323 6740.586867 1204.613

1.68305 6333.376 3917.408339 2415.967297 17592.7101 10881.68983 6711.02027 1242.406

1.696971 6509.303 4037.164878 2472.137859 17592.7101 10911.25643 6681.453673 1280.387

1.711037 6685.23 4157.512749 2527.717089 17592.7101 10940.82302 6651.887077 1318.555

1.725251 6861.157 4278.451952 2582.704987 17592.7101 10970.38962 6622.32048 1356.911

1.739614 7037.084 4399.982487 2637.101553 17592.7101 10999.95622 6592.753883 1395.454

1.75413 7213.011 4522.104353 2690.906788 17592.7101 11029.52281 6563.187287 1434.185

1.7688 7388.938 4644.817552 2744.12069 17592.7101 11059.08941 6533.62069 1473.104

1.783628 7564.865 4768.122083 2796.74326 17592.7101 11088.65601 6504.054093 1512.21

1.798615 7740.792 4892.017945 2848.774499 17592.7101 11118.2226 6474.487497 1551.503

1.813765 7916.72 5016.50514 2900.214405 17592.7101 11147.7892 6444.9209 1590.985

1.829079 8092.647 5141.583666 2951.06298 17592.7101 11177.3558 6415.354303 1630.653

1.844561 8268.574 5267.253525 3001.320222 17592.7101 11206.92239 6385.787707 1670.509

1.860213 8444.501 5393.514715 3050.986133 17592.7101 11236.48899 6356.22111 1710.553

2 Passenger, Fully Loaded Rear Axle Braking Performance



1.876039 8620.428 5520.367237 3100.060712 17592.7101 11266.05559 6326.654514 1750.784

1.892041 8796.355 5647.811092 3148.543958 17592.7101 11295.62218 6297.087917 1791.203

1.908222 8972.282 5775.846278 3196.435873 17592.7101 11325.18878 6267.52132 1831.81

1.924584 9148.209 5904.472796 3243.736456 17592.7101 11354.75538 6237.954724 1872.604

1.941132 9324.136 6033.690646 3290.445707 17592.7101 11384.32197 6208.388127 1913.585

1.957869 9500.063 6163.499828 3336.563626 17592.7101 11413.88857 6178.82153 1954.754

1.974797 9675.991 6293.900341 3382.090214 17592.7101 11443.45517 6149.254934 1996.111.991919 9851.918 6424.892187 3427.025469 17592.7101 11473.02176 6119.688337 2037.655

2.00924 10027.84 6556.475365 3471.369392 17592.7101 11502.58836 6090.12174 2079.386

2.026763 10203.77 6688.649875 3515.121983 17592.7101 11532.15496 6060.555144 2121.305

2.044491 10379.7 6821.415716 3558.283243 17592.7101 11561.72155 6030.988547 2163.412

2.062428 10555.63 6954.77289 3600.85317 17592.7101 11591.28815 6001.421951 2205.706

2.080578 10731.55 7088.721395 3642.831766 17592.7101 11620.85475 5971.855354 2248.188

2.098944 10907.48 7223.261233 3684.219029 17592.7101 11650.42134 5942.288757 2290.857

2.11753 11083.41 7358.392402 3725.014961 17592.7101 11679.98794 5912.722161 2333.714

2.13634 11259.33 7494.114903 3765.219561 17592.7101 11709.55454 5883.155564 2376.759

2.155379 11435.26 7630.428736 3804.832829 17592.7101 11739.12113 5853.588967 2419.99

2.174651 11611.19 7767.333901 3843.854765 17592.7101 11768.68773 5824.022371 2463.41

2.194159 11787.12 7904.830398 3882.285369 17592.7101 11798.25433 5794.455774 2507.0172.213909 11963.04 8042.918227 3920.124641 17592.7101 11827.82092 5764.889177 2550.812

2.233904 12138.97 8181.597388 3957.372581 17592.7101 11857.38752 5735.322581 2594.794

2.254149 12314.9 8320.867881 3994.029189 17592.7101 11886.95412 5705.755984 2638.963

2.27465 12490.82 8460.729706 4030.094465 17592.7101 11916.52071 5676.189387 2683.32

2.295411 12666.75 8601.182863 4065.568409 17592.7101 11946.08731 5646.622791 2727.865

2.316436 12842.68 8742.227351 4100.451022 17592.7101 11975.65391 5617.056194 2772.597

2.337732 13018.61 8883.863172 4134.742302 17592.7101 12005.2205 5587.489598 2817.517

2.359303 13194.53 9026.090324 4168.442251 17592.7101 12034.7871 5557.923001 2862.625

2.381154 13370.46 9168.908809 4201.550867 17592.7101 12064.3537 5528.356404 2907.919

2.403292 13546.39 9312.318625 4234.068152 17592.7101 12093.92029 5498.789808 2953.402

2.425722 13722.31 9456.319773 4265.994105 17592.7101 12123.48689 5469.223211 2999.072

2.448449 13898.24 9600.912254 4297.328725 17592.7101 12153.05349 5439.656614 3044.929

2.471479 14074.17 9746.096066 4328.072014 17592.7101 12182.62008 5410.090018 3090.9742.494819 14250.1 9891.87121 4358.223971 17592.7101 12212.18668 5380.523421 3137.207

2.518476 14426.02 10038.23769 4387.784596 17592.7101 12241.75328 5350.956824 3183.627

2.542454 14601.95 10185.19549 4416.753889 17592.7101 12271.31987 5321.390228 3230.235

2.566762 14777.88 10332.74463 4445.13185 17592.7101 12300.88647 5291.823631 3277.03

2.591406 14953.8 10480.88511 4472.918479 17592.7101 12330.45307 5262.257034 3324.013

2.616393 15129.73 10629.61691 4500.113777 17592.7101 12360.01966 5232.690438 3371.183

2.641729 15305.66 10778.94005 4526.717742 17592.7101 12389.58626 5203.123841 3418.541

2.667423 15481.58 10928.85451 4552.730375 17592.7101 12419.15286 5173.557245 3466.086

2.693483 15657.51 11079.36031 4578.151677 17592.7101 12448.71945 5143.990648 3513.819

2.719915 15833.44 11230.45744 4602.981646 17592.7101 12478.28605 5114.424051 3561.74

2.746729 16009.37 11382.14591 4627.220284 17592.7101 12507.85265 5084.857455 3609.848

2.773931 16185.29 11534.4257 4650.867589 17592.7101 12537.41924 5055.290858 3658.1432.801532 16361.22 11687.29683 4673.923563 17592.7101 12566.98584 5025.724261 3706.626

2.829539 16537.15 11840.75929 4696.388205 17592.7101 12596.55244 4996.157665 3755.297

2.857963 16713.07 11994.81308 4718.261515 17592.7101 12626.11903 4966.591068 3804.155

2.886811 16889 12149.4582 4739.543493 17592.7101 12655.68563 4937.024471 3853.201

2.916094 17064.93 12304.69466 4760.234139 17592.7101 12685.25223 4907.457875 3902.434

2.945821 17240.86 12460.52245 4780.333453 17592.7101 12714.81882 4877.891278 3951.855

2.976003 17416.78 12616.94156 4799.841435 17592.7101 12744.38542 4848.324682 4001.463

3.006651 17592.71 12773.95202 4818.758085 17592.7101 12773.95202 4818.758085 4051.259



3.037774 17768.64 12931.5538 4837.083403 17592.7101 12803.51861 4789.191488 4101.242

3.069385 17944.56 13089.74691 4854.817389 17592.7101 12833.08521 4759.624892 4151.413

3.101495 18120.49 13248.53136 4871.960044 17592.7101 12862.65181 4730.058295 4201.772

3.134116 18296.42 13407.90714 4888.511366 17592.7101 12892.2184 4700.491698 4252.318

3.16726 18472.35 13567.87425 4904.471357 17592.7101 12921.785 4670.925102 4303.051

3.200939 18648.27 13728.43269 4919.840015 17592.7101 12951.35159 4641.358505 4353.972

3.235167 18824.2 13889.58247 4934.617342 17592.7101 12980.91819 4611.791908 4405.0813.269958 19000.13 14051.32357 4948.803337 17592.7101 13010.48479 4582.225312 4456.377

3.305324 19176.05 14213.65601 4962.397999 17592.7101 13040.05138 4552.658715 4507.861

3.341282 19351.98 14376.57978 4975.40133 17592.7101 13069.61798 4523.092118 4559.532

3.377845 19527.91 14540.09488 4987.813329 17592.7101 13099.18458 4493.525522 4611.391

3.41503 19703.84 14704.20132 4999.633996 17592.7101 13128.75117 4463.958925 4663.437

3.452851 19879.76 14868.89908 5010.863331 17592.7101 13158.31777 4434.392329 4715.671

3.491326 20055.69 15034.18818 5021.501334 17592.7101 13187.88437 4404.825732 4768.093

3.530472 20231.62 15200.06861 5031.548006 17592.7101 13217.45096 4375.259135 4820.702

3.570306 20407.54 15366.54037 5041.003345 17592.7101 13247.01756 4345.692539 4873.498

3.610847 20583.47 15533.60346 5049.867352 17592.7101 13276.58416 4316.125942 4926.482

3.652114 20759.4 15701.25789 5058.140027 17592.7101 13306.15075 4286.559345 4979.654

3.694126 20935.33 15869.50365 5065.821371 17592.7101 13335.71735 4256.992749 5033.0133.736903 21111.25 16038.34074 5072.911382 17592.7101 13365.28395 4227.426152 5086.56



,U,B,r,2p,FLRA iBBR, 2p,FLRA

0 0

24.56597 1.271242986

48.94439 1.27994574

73.13528 1.288715443

97.13862 1.297552871

120.9544 1.306458812

144.5827 1.315434066

168.0234 1.324479444

191.2766 1.333595771

214.3422 1.342783887

237.2203 1.352044642

259.9109 1.3613789

282.4139 1.370787541

304.7294 1.380271458

326.8573 1.389831556

348.7977 1.399468759

370.5506 1.409184001392.1159 1.418978237

413.4936 1.428852431

434.6839 1.438807568

455.6866 1.448844648

476.5017 1.458964685

497.1293 1.469168713

517.5694 1.479457782

537.8219 1.489832959

557.8869 1.50029533

577.7643 1.510845999

597.4542 1.521486087

616.9566 1.532216737636.2714 1.543039111

655.3987 1.553954388

674.3384 1.56496377

693.0906 1.57606848

711.6553 1.587269762

730.0324 1.59856888

748.222 1.609967121

766.224 1.621465797

784.0385 1.63306624

801.6655 1.644769807

819.1049 1.65657788

836.3568 1.668491864

853.4211 1.680513191

870.2979 1.692643319

886.9871 1.704883731

903.4888 1.717235937

919.803 1.729701477

935.9296 1.742281917

951.8687 1.754978854

967.6203 1.767793913



983.1843 1.78072875

998.5607 1.793785053

1013.75 1.80696454

1028.751 1.820268963

1043.565 1.833700107

1058.191 1.847259791

1072.63 1.8609498691086.881 1.874772232

1100.945 1.888728805

1114.821 1.902821554

1128.51 1.91705248

1142.011 1.931423627

1155.324 1.945937076

1168.45 1.960594952

1181.388 1.975399422

1194.139 1.990352696

1206.703 2.005457028

1219.079 2.020714719

1231.267 2.0361281171243.268 2.051699618

1255.081 2.067431666

1266.706 2.083326758

1278.144 2.099387441

1289.395 2.115616316

1300.458 2.13201604

1311.334 2.148589325

1322.021 2.16533894

1332.522 2.182267715

1342.835 2.199378539

1352.96 2.216674365

1362.898 2.23415821

1372.648 2.2518331571382.211 2.269702355

1391.586 2.287769025

1400.773 2.306036458

1409.774 2.32450802

1418.586 2.34318715

1427.211 2.362077369

1435.649 2.381182274

1443.898 2.400505545

1451.961 2.42005095

1459.836 2.439822338

1467.523 2.459823654

1475.023 2.4800589311482.335 2.500532298

1489.46 2.521247983

1496.397 2.542210313

1503.146 2.563423718

1509.708 2.584892739

1516.083 2.606622021

1522.27 2.628616327

1528.269 2.650880536



1534.081 2.673419646

1539.705 2.696238779

1545.142 2.719343188

1550.391 2.742738256

1555.453 2.766429501

1560.327 2.790422584

1565.014 2.8147233111569.513 2.839337637

1573.825 2.864271671

1577.949 2.889531683

1581.885 2.915124108

1585.634 2.941055551

1589.195 2.967332793

1592.569 2.993962797

1595.755 3.020952715

1598.754 3.048309894

1601.565 3.07604188

1604.189 3.10415643

1606.625 3.1326615151608.874 3.161565328



0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1

i B B R

mX,B

Ideal Braking Ratio vs. Coefficient of Friction

2 Passenger Condition 2 Passenger, Fully Loaded Rear Axle Condition



0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6

R e

a r A x l e R a k i n g M o m e n t ( N m )

Front Axle Braking Moment (Nm)

Ideal Braking Ratio

Ideal Braking Ratio, 2p Ideal Braking Ratio, 2p, FLRA



0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

N o r m a l F o r c e

( N )

Braking Acceleration (g)

Normal Force at Axles Under Braking

FZ,B,f, 2p FZ,B,r, 2p FZ,B,f,2p,FLRA FZ,B,r,2p,FLRA



0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

B r a k i n g F o r c e ( N )

Braking Accleration (g)

Longitudinal Braking Force vs. Braking Acceleration

FX,B,2p FX,B,f,2p FX,B,r,2p FX,B,2p,FLRA FX,B,f,2p,FLRA



Brake Pedal Input Force 400 N

Pedal Lever Ratio 4

Power Booster Gain 6.25

Master Cylinder Piston Diameter 23 mm

Master Cylinder Piston Area 415.476 mm2

Master Cylinder Input 10000 N

Master Cylinder Output 24.0688 MPa

Caliper Piston Diameter 39 mm

Caliper Piston Area 2389.18 mm2

Force on Brake Pad 57.5047 kN

Brake Force Transfer Function



Intake Pressure 24 psi 30 psi

Exhaust Pressure 44 psi 33 psi

Pressure Ratio 1.83 1.1

Horsepower 330 600

EVOIII 7cmIntake Pressure 24 23 24 26

Exhaust Pressure 44 36 38 40

Pressure Ratio 1.83 1.57 1.58 1.54

Full Boost 3rd Gear 2600 3200

Creeps to 23 19

EVOIII 8cm

2.0L PT61 .63 w/GT350 wheel2.3L EVOIII 16G



30 psi 38 psi

33 psi 50 psi

1.1 1.315789

600 660

2.0L GT35 on EVO 82.0L GT35 on EVO 8



Mitsu Area Radius A/R Backpressure Intake Pressure Ratio

7 4.9 10 0.49 44 24 1.833333

8 5.7 10 0.57 35 24 1.458333

10 7.3

m=pAV

PV=nRT

##6 cm2 = 0.41 A/R

##7 cm2 = 0.49 A/R

##8 cm2 = 0.57 A/R

##9 cm2 = 0.65 A/R

10 cm2 = 0.73 A/R11 cm2 = 0.81 A/R

12 cm2 = 0.89 A/R

((CM x 8) - 7) / 100 = a/r ratio

If you really want to know what the stock SRT-4 runs:

At 5800rpm, 11psi of intake manifold pressure, 35psi exhaust manifold pressure.

Thomas Dorris

It depends on the setup, for sure. I did this a while back with a T4 drag-style turbo

atmosphere. While building boost, I saw a 1.3:1 exhaust:intake pressure ratio. Once th1.1:1. That was with 25psi intake manifold pressure. I used the EGT port in the exhaust

5v 4-bar pressure sensor for datalogging. Put a smaller turbo on or more restrictive exha

the DP and I could easily see that number shoot u



% decrease mass flow

588

25.71% 684 0.163265

, 3" exhaust, wastegate dumped to

wastegate opened, the ratio dropped tomanifold, some copper tubing, and a 0-

ust and/or route the wastegate back into

p.

chassis design workbook

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