ACTIVE PASSIVEPRESENT o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt r, ris, tur, mur, min, nturIMPERF ba+ ba+FUTURE b+/am+ bo+/ar+

b, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt bor, beris, bitur, bimur, bimin, bunturam, s, et, mus, tis, ent ar, ris, tur, mur, min, entur

PERFECT , ist, it, imus, istis, runt ppp + sumPLUPERF eram, ers, erat, ermus, ertis, erant ppp + eramFUT PERF er, eris, erimus, eritis, erint ppp + er

nom sing gen sing dat sing acc sing abl sing nom pl gen pl dat pl acc pl abl pl

1st f -a -ae -ae -am - -ae -rum -s -s -s

2nd m -us/-er - - -um - - -rum -s -s -s

2nd n -um - - -um - -a -rum -s -a -s

3rd mf (var) -is - -em -e/-(adj) -s -um/-ium -ibus -s -ibus

3rd n (var) -is - (nom) -e/- -a/-ia -um/-ium -ibus -a/-ia -ibus

4th m us s u um s uum ibus s ibus

4th n s ua uum ibus ua ibus

5th f s e e em s rum bus s bus

Personal pronounsnominative genitive dative accusative ablative

singular ego I me of me mihi to/for me m me m by meplural ns we nostr of us nbs to/for us ns us nbs by ussingular t you tu of you tibi to/for you t you t by youplural vs you vestr of you vbs to/for you vs you vbs by yousing/plur su sibi s s

of him/her/themselves to/for him/her/themselves him/her/themselves by him/her/themselves

Modern English uses the same forms - you - for singular and plural; Latin has separate forms.s has the same forms for singular and plural.s has no nominative since it is only used to refer back to the subject of the verb (see below).ego, t, ns, vs are used in the nominative only for emphasis, e.g.

ego labr, t ldis I am working, you are playing.ns festnmus, vs lent ambultis We are hurrying, you are going slowly.

Personal pronouns can he used reflexively, i.e. referring back to the subject of the verb, e.g.ego m lav I wash myself je me lavet t lavs you wash yourself tu te lavesille s lavat he washes himself il se lavens ns lavmus we wash ourselves nous nous lavonsvs vs lavtis you wash yourselves vous vous lavezill s lavant they wash themselves ils se lavent

Note that although Latin says m lav (I wash myself), in English we can say simply I wash. So also Scintilla sparat (Scintilla prepares herself), but we usually say prepares, gets ready. And pater s vertit (father turns him-self), where we usually say turns.In Latin such transitive verbs (i.e. verbs requiring an object) usually have the reflexive pronoun as the object whereEnglish can use the verb intransitively (i.e. without any object).

Demonstrative pronounsis he, ea she, id it; that. Endings prefixed by e. Bold varies from standard endings.

sing. male sing. female sing. neuter plur. male plur. female plur. neuternom is ea id e eae eagen eius eius eius erum erum erumdat e e e es es esacc eum eam id es es eaabl e e e es es es

ille he, illa she, illud it; that. Endings prefixed by ill. Bold varies from standard endings.sing. male sing. female sing. neuter plur. male plur. female plur. neuter

nom ille illa illud ill illae illagen illus illus illus illrum illrum illrumdat ill ill ill ills ills illsacc illum illam illud ills ills illaabl ill ill ill ills ills ills

hic, haec, hoc this (here). Endings prefixed by h. Bold varies from standard endings.sing. male sing. female sing. neuter plur. male plur. female plur. neuter

nom hic haec hoc h hae haecgen huus huus huus hrum hrum hrumdat huic huic huic hs hs hsacc hunc hanc hoc hs hs haecabl hc hc hc hs hs hsipse, ipsa, ipsum self (emphasizing, e.g. Flaccus ipse Flaccus himself; Hortia ipsa Horatia herself;e ips tempore at that very time). Endings prefixed by ips. Bold varies from standard endings.

sing. male sing. female sing. neuter plur. male plur. female plur. neuternom ipse ipsa ipsum ips ipsae ipsagen ipsus ipsus ipsus ipsrum ipsrum ipsrumdat ips ips ips ipss ipss ipssacc ipsum ipsam ipsum ipss ipss ipsaabl ips ips ips ipss ipss ipss