checking and adjusting binocular alignment · checking and adjusting binocular alignment mike...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Checking and Adjusting Binocular Alignment · Checking and Adjusting Binocular Alignment Mike Whybray and Ray Larsen. Outline of Workshop Introduction to Binoculars What is collimation?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75177b91818b070a76339c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Checking and Adjusting Binocular Alignment
Mike Whybray and Ray Larsen
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Outline of Workshop
Introduction to Binoculars
What is collimation?
Simple checks
Methods of adjustment
Methods of checking alignment
Practical session
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Introduction to Binoculars
Construction & types of binoculars
Operation of binoculars
How to use binoculars
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Different types of binocular
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Inside a typical binocular
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What is Collimation?
Aka Alignment
Characteristics of human eye/brain
Collimation standards
Object space & image space
Conditional & full collimation
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3 axes to align
left opticalaxis
right opticalaxis
hingeaxis
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Alignment tolerances (arc-minutes)
Ref Vertical Diverging Converging
At input to eye (image space)
Other 35 50 100
Soviet 15 20 60
Tonkin 15 20 45
Seyfried (X10) 4 6 10
AAMRL 3.4 3.4 8.6
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Conditional vs Full Alignment
Conditional Alignment is alignment of the two optical axes, but not necessarily aligning with the hinge axis
Full Alignment is alignment of all 3 axes
Conditional Alignment is rather easier, but means it is only correct at one chosen binocular spacing (inter-pupillary distance)
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Simple checks(& what can go wrong)
External damage
Look into objectives
Look into eyepieces- rotation errors- lateral displacements
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Rotation error
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Lateral error
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Vertical error
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The heroine's dilemma
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The heroine's dilemma
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Methods of adjustment
Eccentric rings
Prism adjusting screws
Eyepiece prism screws (pocket folding bins)
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Eccentric objective rings
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Eccentric ring adjustment
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Eccentric rings clock diagram
121
2
3
4
56
7
8
9
10
11
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Prism mounting
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Prism adjustment screw locations
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Prism adjustment screw locations
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Folding binocular adjustment
eyepieceattachment
prismadjustment
eyepiece
prisms
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Eyepiece focussing
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Methods of checking alignment
Solar projection
Indoor twin-light
Optical bench- General layout- Ray diagram
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Simple solar projection
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Simple solar projection
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Tracking solar projection
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Tracking solar projection
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Horizontal bar with pins ateyepiece spacing
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Projected imageScreen distance from eyepieces adjusted so thatSun image diameter = Eyepiece spacing (also = pin spacing)
If binoculars correctly aligned, sun images will be: Level with the projected bar Just touching
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Images denoting mis-alignment
Diverging optical axes→ diverging exit rays→ converging eyes
Converging objectives→ converging exit rays→ diverging eyes
Vertical and horizontalmisalignment
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Measurement accuracy ofsolar projection method
Typical eyepiece spacing (=interpupillary distance) = 65mm
Screen to eyepiece distance for 10x50 binoculars ~ 750mm(To achieve sun image diameter = 65mm)
1mm positional error on screen = 360/(2*Pi*750) degrees= 4.6 arcmin
Arcmin (mm) Vertical Diverging Converging
Other 35 (7) 50 (11) 100 (22)
Soviet 15 (3) 20 (4) 60 (13)
Tonkin 15 (3) 20 (4) 45 (10)
Seyfried (X10) 4 (1) 6 (1) 10 (2)
AAMRL 3.4 (1) 3.4 (1) 8.6 (2)
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But what about the hinge axis??
Hinge wide open(73mm IPD)
Hinge midway(69mm IPD)
Hinge closed(55mm IPD)
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When the sun don't shineTwin lights (LEDs with cross-wires)Spaced same distance apart as objectives → Parallel rays
Rear view showing clamp
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Autocollimator principle
mirror collimator lens
screen
lightsource
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Binoculars under test
mirror collimator lens
screen
lightsource
binoculars
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Effect of axis error
mirror collimator lens
screen
lightsource
binoculars
off-axisimage
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Autocollimator screen
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
arc-minutes in eyepiece field
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Practical implementation
mirror collimator lens
screen
red & greenlightsources
binoculars
off-axisimage
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Steps to full collimation
Open hinge
Adjust objectives/prisms to align L & R axes
Close hinge
Use hinge axis finder to identify hinge location
Adjust both L & R axes to coincide with hinge
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Principle of full collimation
1 – Hinge open
L&R axes adjusted to coincide
hinge axis(unknown position)
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Principle of full collimation
2 – Hinge closed
hinge axis
hinge angle
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Hinge axis finder
030
6090
120
150
180
210
-150
-120-90
-60
-300306090120
150
40
40
60
60
80
80
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Dark-adapted pupil size vs. age
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 903
4
5
6
7
8
age
pu
pil,
mm
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Large exit pupil – not fully utilised
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References
Initial inspiration for solar projection method:
Sun images method for checking alignmement of binoculars by Rafael Chamón Cobos
https://sites.google.com/site/rchamon/home/sun-images-method-for-collimation-of-binoculars
Good practical book on binoculars(copy now in the OASI library):
Choosing, Using & Repairing Binoculars by J.W. Seyfried
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References for Alignment Tolerances table
Other: Archives of an email list on the history of binoculars.http://home.europa.com/~telscope/listp200.txtBinocular List #246: 25 February 2003.(Possibibly a US Military spec)
Soviet: Ostrovskaya, M.A. et. al. Allowable Deviations From Parallelism for the Optical Axes of Binoculars. Soviet Journal of Optical Technology, 45 (10), Oct. 1978, pp613-616.
Tonkin: Binocular Astronomy, Ch. 2, ISBN 1846283086, Springer-Verlag, 2006
Seyfried: Choosing, Using & Repairing Binoculars, J.W. Seyfried, University Optics Inc, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1995.
AAMRL: Optical Tolerances for Alignment & Image Space Differences for Binocular Helmet-Mounted Displays, Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Report No AD-A174 536, May 1986.
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Practical session