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CHEM STRY. Final Jeopardy. Polyatomic Ions. Final Jeopardy. What is from water? A small number of water molecules auto-ionize into H + and OH – and the H + joins with the lone pair on nitrogen. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHEM STRY
Periodic Properties
Covalent Bonding
HybridizeMolecular
ShapesReasons to
BondIonic
Bonding
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Polyatomic Ions
Predicting Shapes
Photon emission
Periodic Regions
Dem Bonds
Dem Names
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Final Jeopardy
Polyatomic
Ions
This is where ammonia get’s the extra hydrogen and the
positive charge to form ammonium when it’s dissolved in water.
Final JeopardyWhat is from water?
A small number of water molecules auto-ionize into H+ and OH– and the H+ joins with the lone pair on nitrogen.
This the area of the periodic table in which elements both
a) tend to become anions- and -
b) are among the most reactive.
$200
What is the area around chlorine?
This the area of the periodic table in which elements both
a) tend to become cations - and -
b) are among the most reactive.
$400
What is the area around sodium and potassium?
$600
What are metals and non-metals?
When these kinds of elements bond together in binary
compounds, they are almost always ionic.
$800
What are non-metals?
When these kinds of elements bond together in binary
compounds, they are almost always covalent.
$1000
What are all column IA elements EXCEPT hydrogen?
These are the alkali metals.
$200
What is to decrease potential energy or increase stability by filling orbitals?
This is the reason why non-metals bond together.
This is how many electrons an orbital needs to be as stable as it
can be or to have the lowest amount of potential energy.
$400
What is 2?
$600
What is 3?
This the maximum number of atoms with which a nitrogen atom can bond covalently.
$800
What is a double bond?
This the kind of bonding that occurs when an atom shares 4 electrons with another atom.
$1000
What are sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds?
A double bond must have one of each of these.
$200
What an sp3 hybridization?
This is the hydridization of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine when they have only
single bonds.
$400
What is sp hybridization?
This is the hydridization of the carbon in carbon dioxide
(CO2).
$600
What an sp2 hybridization?
This is the hydridization of the oxygen in carbon dioxide
(CO2).
$800
What an sp hybridization?
This the hydrization on almost any atom which is triple bonded to another
atom.
$1000
What is an sp2 hybridization?
This is the hybridization of a boron (B) atom that is bonded
to only 3 hydrogen atoms.
$200
What is a tetrahedral?
The electron pair shape of phosphorous trichloride.
$400
What is trigonal pyramidal?
This is the molecular shape of phosphorous trichloride.
$600
What is sp3 hybridization?
This the hybridization of phosphorous in phosphorous
trichloride.
$800
What is trigonal bi-pyramidal?
This the molecular shape of phosphorous pentachloride?
This is why nitrogen cannot combine with 5 chlorine
atoms while phosphorous, which is in the same family,
can.
$1000
What is that nitrogen does not have a d-sublevel while phosphorous does?
Orbitals, sublevels, and valence electron levels—like the entire
universe—will tend to shift toward this kind of stability.
$200
What is higher stability?
$400
What is higher stability?
This is the kind of stability that orbitals have when they
have a pair of electrons.
$600
What is the potential energy is lowered?
This is what happens to potential energy when a
sublevel is full of electrons.
$800
What is that potential energy is lowered?
This is what happens to potential energy when a
valence electron energy level is filled with electrons?
This is the term used to describe the number of electrons needed to fill the valence level of most
elements.
$1000
What is an octet?
$200
What is a neutral charge?
This is the kind of overall charge that an ionic
compound will have.
$400
What is to reach a state with a full set of electrons in a new valence level?
This is the reason why metals tend to loose electrons in
ionic bonds.
$600
What is to reach a state with a full set of electrons in a new valence level?
This is the reason why non-metals tend to loose electrons
in ionic bonds.
$800
What is a 2+ charge?
This is the charge that metals obtain when they give away 2
electrons.
$1000
What is a 1+ charge?
This is the charge that ALL alkali metals obtain in an
ionic bond.
These are the polyatomic ions that a very small number of waters atoms automatically
form.
$400
What are the hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH) ions?
$800
What is a charged particle made up of 2 or more covalently bonded particles?
This is the definition of a polyatomic ion.
This is why ammonia forms ammonium in water.
$1200
What is that free protons share the lone pair of electrons on the ammonia and covalently
bond to the nitrogen creating orbital and charge stability?
This is how polyatomic ions achieve charge stability?
$1600
What is to be in a crystal, bond, or solution with oppositely charged ions?
This is the kind of bonding that occurs between the atomic particles inside a
polyatomic ion.
$2000
What is covalent bonding?
This is the 1st step that a student scientist should do when
attempting to predict the shape of a simple molecule.
$400What is to write the electron dot notation of
the atoms and circle the electrons that might pair up (i.e. the sharing
arrangement)?
This is what a student scientist should do to predict molecular
shapes once the sharing arrangement of electrons is
predicted.
$800What is to write a Lewis dot formula (or squeeze the shared electrons between the
atoms involved)?
This is the kind of formula a student scientist should use to predict an electron pair shape.
$1200
What is the Lewis dot formula?
This is what a student scientist should do to predict the molecular
shape of a molecule from the modified electron pair shape.
$1600
What is to erase the lone pairs of electrons leaving the shared pair geometry alone?
This is the shape of a molecule which has 6 atoms covalently bonded to a central atom with
no lone pairs of electrons.
$2000
What is an octahedral?
This is why electrons in an atom only emit specific
frequencies of light.
$400
What is quantum behavior?
This is the kind of energy that electrons respond to when they are promoted to higher energy
states.
$800What is energy with a sympathetic
wavelength?
This is the reason we use the Bohr model of the atom to teach the
quantum model and spectroscopy even though we know it’s wrong.
$1200What is that it’s simple?
-or-What is the real model is too complex for high school chemistry?
These photons result from electrons that have the
greatest drop in energy within an atom’s electron cloud.
$1600
What is higher energy photons, shorter wavelength photons, or photons from the
ultraviolet end of the spectrum?
$2000
What is infrared light or light wit very long wavelengths?
This light, which humans cannot see, results from
electrons dropping very short quantum levels.
$400
What are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium?
— or —What are all the elements in column one except
hydrogen?
Collectively, these elements make up the alkali metals.
Collectively, these elements make up the alkaline-earth
metals.
$800
What are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium?
— or —What are all the elements in column two?
Collectively, these elements make up the halogens.
$1200
What are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine?
— or —What are all the elements in column seven?
$1600
What are oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium?
— or —What are all the elements in column six?
Collectively, these elements make up the chalcogens.
Collectively, these elements make up the inner transition
metals.
$2000What are the elements with atomic numbers 58
through 71 and 90 through 103?— or —
What are all the elements in bottom two rows of the periodic table?
This the molecular shape of a simple molecule in which
there are 2 sigma bonds and 2 lone pairs of electrons on the
central atom.
$400
What is bent?
$800
What is a wiener or cigar shape?
This is the shape of a sigma (σ) bond.
This is the shape of a pi (π) bond.
$1200
What is a hot dog bun?— or —
What are 2 weiner shapes on opposite sides of the (sigma) bond?
This is where all covalent bonds are found in
relationship to the atoms they are bonding.
$1600
What is on OR around the axis between the 2 atoms involved in the covalent bond?
$2000
What is 109.5°?
This is the angle between all the bonds in a tetrahedral
molecule.
$400
What is “Valence-shell Electron-pair Repulsion?”
This is the full name for the acronym “VSEPR.”
$800
What is to hybridize?
This is what some of the valence level electrons in the s and p sublevels must do for
covalent bonding to occur.
$1200
What are lone pairs?
Unshared electrons are also called this.
$1600
What is covalent bonding?
This is the sharing of electrons.
$2000
What are Lewis structures?— or —
What are Lewis diagrams?
Lewis formulas are also known as this.
Daily Double
What is the Greek language?
The language from which chemists draw letters to name
types of bonds.
Daily Double
What is a sigma (σ) bond?
A covalent bond—whether or not it is a single, double, or triple bond—it always has
this kind of bond?
This is why lone pairs of electrons are always located on an equatorial position in a trigonal bipyramidal
modified electron pair shape.
Daily Double
What is lone pairs take up more space than shared pairs of electrons?
The Jeopardy champion!