chemical composition of selected core samples, … composition of selected core samples, idaho...

Chemical Composition of Selected Core Samples, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

By LeRoy L. Knobel and L. DeWayne Cecil, U.S. Geological Survey, and Thomas R. Wood, Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 95-748

Prepared in cooperation with U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Idaho Falls, Idaho November 1995

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GORDON P. EATON, Director

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological SurveyProject Chief Earth Science Information CenterU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports SectionINEL, MS 4148 Box 25286, MS 517P.O. Box 2230 Denver Federal CenterIdaho Falls, ID 83403 Denver, CO 80225

CONTENTS

Abstract .................... .. .... .. .. .................. ....... ........................................ . ...................................... 1

Introduction...................................................... 1

Purpose and scope..............................................................................................................................................!

Previous investigations.......................................................................................................................................3

Estimating crustal abundances of major rock-forming elements....................................................................... 3

Acknowledgments....... ............................................................................... ...

Methods and quality assurance ...................................................................................................................................5

Corehole locations and sample collection.......................................................................................................... 5

Analytical methods.............................................................................................................................................5

Wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.......................................................................... 5

Inductively coupled plasma mass speclrometry ........................................................................................6

Quality assurance................................................................................................................................................7

Analytical results................................................................._^

Oxides of major rock-forming elements............................................................................................................. 8

Trace elements....................................................................................................................................................8

Summary.....................................................................................................................................................................8

Selected references......................................................................................................................................................^

FIGURES

1. Map showing location of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and selected facilities .............................2

2. Map showing location of selected corehole sites at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory ........................4

TABLES

1. Chemical composition (percent by weight) of selected core subsamples, by major rock-formingelement, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho............................................................................ ..... 11

2. Chemical composition (percent by weight) of selected core subsamples, by corehole and depth,Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho................................................................................................... 22

3. Trace-element concentrations of selected core subsamples, by corehole and analytical method,Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho................................................................................................ 27

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CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATED UNITS

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inch (in.)

square mile (mi )

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meter

millimeter

square kilometer

For temperature, degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by using the equation:°F = (1.8)(°C) + 32.

Abbreviated units used in report: g (gram); ing (milligram); mL (milliliter); ppb (part per billion); ppm (part per million).

IV

Chemical Composition of Selected Core Samples, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

by LeRoy L. Knobel and L DeWayne Cecil, U.S. Geological Survey, and Thomas R. Wood, Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company

Abstract

This report presents chemical compositions determined from 84 subsamples and 5 quality- assurance split subsamples of basalt core from the eastern Snake River Plain. The 84 subsamples were collected at selected depths from 5 coreholes located on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho. This report was jointly prepared by Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company and the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho Operations Office.

Ten major elements and as many as 32 trace elements were determined for each subsample either by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, or by both methods. Descriptive statistics for each element were calculated and tabulated by analytical method for each corehole.

INTRODUCTION

The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), which encompasses about 890 mi2 of the eastern Snake River Plain in southeastern Idaho (fig. 1), is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). INEL facilities are used in the development of peacetime atomic-energy applica tions, nuclear safety research, defense programs, and advanced energy concepts. Liquid radiochem- ical and chemical wastes generated at these facilities have been discharged to onsite infiltration ponds and disposal wells since 1952. Many of the waste constituents enter the Snake River Plain aquifer indirectly following percolation through

the unsalurated zone (Pitlman and others, 1988, p. 2).

In 1949, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commis sion now the U.S. DOE requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) investigate the geo- hydrologic conditions at the INEL and adjacent areas before the beginning of reactor operations. Ongoing research by the USGS and Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company (LITCO) at Hie INEL involves investigation of the migration of radioactive elements contained in low-level radio active waste, hydrologic and geologic factors affecting waste movement, and geochemical factors that influence the chemical composition of the waste. Identification of the chemistry of Snake River Plain aquifer materials is needed to aid in the study of the hydrology and geochemistry of sub surface waste disposal. This report was prepared jointly by LITCO and the USGS in cooperation with the DOE, Idaho Operations Office. Washing ton State University (WSU) provided analytical services under contract to EG&G Idaho, Inc.

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this report is to provide a public record of archived information describing the chemical composition of geologic materials from the Snake River Plain aquifer. This report describes (1) the major- and trace-element com position of 84 subsamples and 5 quality-assurance split subsamples of basalt core from 5 sites (fig. 2) and (2) the methods used to analyze the samples. The subsamples were collected from continuous cores at the time of coring or shortly afterward. The remaining cores subsequently were archived at the U.S. Geological Survey's lithologic-core

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library at the INEL and are available for additional study

Previous Investigations

Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality investigations have been conducted at the INEL since it was selected as a reactor-testing station in 1949. Nace and others (1956) and Nace and others (1975) reported major rock-forming element and selected trace-element chemistry of a basalt sample from Craters of the Moon National Monument and a nephelite basalt sample from the Fort Hall Indian Reservation. Jones (1961) reported the average composition of major rock-forming elements in 38 basalt samples from the Snake River Plain. The data of Nace and others (1956; 1975) and Jones (1961) were republished by Bartholomay and others (1989).

Kuntz and Dalrymple (1979) determined major rock-forming element chemistry for 17 basalt samples from large volcanoes in the eastern Snake River Plain and compared the average concentra tions to those of various tholeiitic basalts from other locations. Fiesinger and others (1982) analyzed 26 basaltic lava samples from an area southeast of the eastern Snake River Plain for major rock-forming elements and compared results to basaltic lava compositions of samples from the Snake River Plain.

Leeman (1982a) provided major rock-form ing element chemistry of 22 representative hybrid lava samples from the Snake River Plain. Leeman (1982b) also summarized major rock-forming element and selected trace-element chemistry for basalt samples from the Snake River Plain and discussed two major variants of basaltic lavas that are present on the Snake River Plain. Honjo and Leeman (1987) reported major- and trace-element chemistry for selected samples of hybrid ferrolatite lavas from the Snake River Plain. The chemical data were selected from a more detailed report about the petrology and geochemistry of the Magic Reservoir eruptive center in south-central Idaho (Honjo, 1986).

Wood and Low (1988) reported average compositions of major rock-forming elements for groups of 152 and 15 basalt samples from the

Snake River Plain. They also provided specific analytical results for 13 basalt samples from the Snake River Plain.

Shervais and others (1994) reported ranges of major-element oxide compositions and minor- and trace-element concentrations for 59 rock samples from 2 corcholes at the INEL. The rock samples represented 14 major flow groups that are part of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer system.

Estimating Crustal Abundances of Major Rock-Forming Elements.

Historical estimates of average cruslal abund ances of major rock-forming elements by Clarke and Washington (1924) were computed from about 5,000 available analyses of igneous rocks that they felt were of superior quality; igneous rocks are the predominant rock type of the Earth's crust. Aver ages of geographically grouped rock analyses agreed fairly well with one another, which indi cates regional similarity in the composition of the Earth's crust. The overall average composition computed by Clarke and Washington (1924) is intermediate between that of granite and basalt (Mason, 1966, p. 42).

Mason (1966) pointed out several objections to computing average compositions of igneous rocks by averaging analyses. The first objection was that the geographical distribution of analyses was uneven because the most intensive investigations had taken place in North America and Europe; therefore, results of averaging tended to downplay the importance of other continental areas and the oceanic basins. The second objection was that undue weight was given to rare and unusual rock types, which are studied more frequently than more common igneous rocks such as basalt and granite. The third objection was that all analyses were given equal weight regardless of the areas or volumes occupied by the respective rock types.

Goldschmidt (1954) minimized some of these objections by using representative samples of the Earth's crust to compute the average composition. The samples were mostly crystalline rocks derived from the widely distributed glacial clay in southern Norway. This clay was formed from a fine rock flour deposited by meltwater from the

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BOUNDARY OF IDAHO NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

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Fennoscandian ice sheet. Analyses from 77 samples were used to calculate an average compo sition similar to the one computed by Clarke and Washington (1924). Neither of these average com positions accounted for all the objections noted by Mason (1966), especially the one related to not sampling the oceanic basins.

Poldervaart (1955) resolved these objections more completely by computing averages by major geologic type: deep oceanic regions, continental shields, young folded belts, and continental plat forms and slopes. The amount of the major rock types and their estimated compositions were used in computing final average crustal compositions. Because this technique gives adequate consider ation to the oceanic crustal material, it more accu rately reflects the true average composition of the crust (Mason, 1966). The average compositions of major rock-forming elements calculated by Polder vaart (1955) are the average crustal abundances reported in table 1.

Average crustal abundances of trace elements listed in table 3 are from Emsley (1989). The average crustal abundances in this report are for comparison purposes only and do not necessarily represent the average compositions of the aquifer materials from the Snake River Plain listed in this report. Additional information regarding crustal abundances of elements is provided by Clarke (1924), Clarke and Washington (1924), Goldschmidt (1954), Poldervaart (1955), Mason (1966), Fyfe (1974), and Greenwood and Earnshaw (1984).

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Peter R. Hooper of WSU, David L. Naftz of the USGS, and Robert C. Starr of LITCO for technically reviewing the manuscript.

METHODS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

The methods used for subsampling core samples, for analyzing the subsamplcs in the labo ratory, and for quality assurance are outlined in the following sections.

Corehole Locations and Sample Collection

Core samples were collected by EG&G Idaho, Inc. at five sites (fig. 2): two near Test Area North (TAN CH 1 and TAN CH 2), two near the New Production Reactor site (NPR Test and NPR WO1), and one near the Test Reactors Area (TRA 5). Completion dates for the coreholes follow: TAN CH 1 (September 27,1989), TAN CH 2 (September 6,1990), NPR Test (May 6, 1984), NPR WO1 (August 30, 1990), and TRA 5 (September 18, 1990). Corehole TRA 5 subse quently was completed as a piezometer and currently is identified as PZ1.

Eighty-four subsamples of cores were collected from the 5 sites (at selected depths) distributed as follows: 35 subsamples from corehole TAN CH 2, 18 subsamples from corehole TAN CH 1,21 subsamples from corehole NPR Test, 4 subsamples from corehole NPR WO1, and 6 subsamples from corehole TRA 5. The subsampling technique involved removing a 1- to 3- in.-long section of fresh core from a specific depth determined on the basis of representative lithology, labeling the subsample, and storing the subsample until shipment to the WSU GeoAnalytical Laboratory at Pullman, Wash., for analysis.

Analytical Methods

Two separate analytical methods were used to determine elemental compositions of the subsamples: wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS).

Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

XRF was used to analyze all 84 subsamples and 2 quality-assurance split subsamples for 10 major rock-forming elements and 17 trace ele ments. GeoAnalytical Laboratory staff handpicked about 28 g of fresh chips from each subsample with the largest dimension measuring about 0.4 in. The chips were processed for 2 minutes in a Tema swingmill with tungsten carbide surfaces. Part of the resulting powder (3.5 g) and 7 g of lithium tetraborate were mixed for 10 minutes in a plastic mixing jar with an enclosed plastic ball. The mixed

powder was emptied into graphite crucibles, which were loaded, 24 at a time, into a muffle furnace that was preheated to 1,000°C. The mixed powder was fused for 5 minutes after the temperature in the furnace returned to 1,000°C. The crucibles were removed from the furnace and allowed to cool for 10 minutes. Each resulting glass bead was reground in the Tema swingmill for 35 seconds. The resulting glass powder was returned to the crucible and refused for an additional 5 minutes at 1,000°C. The beads then were labeled with an engraver. The lower flat surface of each bead was ground on a 600-grit grinding wheel, finished on a glass plate (600 grit with alcohol) to remove metal residue from the grinding wheel, washed in an ultrasonic cleaner, rinsed in alcohol, and dried.

The glass beads were analyzed by XRF using a Rigaku 3370 automated wavelength spectrometer. Concentrations of 27 elements in the subsamples were measured by comparing X-ray intensities for each element in the subsample bead with inten sities in duplicate beads for 8 international stan dards and the values recommended by Govindaraju (1989). Specific operating conditions at the WSU GeoAnalytical Laboratory, precision data, and estimates of accuracy for each element are pro vided by Hooper and others (1993, tables 4-6).

Hooper and others (1993) discussed method- related uncertainties for the GeoAnalytical Laboratory. Niobium concentrations less than 2 ppm can be affected by contamination from the tungsten carbide mills; however, because of the larger niobium concentrations in INEL samples, the effect should be minimal.

The subsample preparation process causes volatiles to be lost during fusing. Neither loss on ignition (LOI) nor the ferric/ferrous iron ratio was measured by the WSU laboratory. As a result, the totals listed in table 2 cannot be used as a measure of analytical accuracy, as is customary in gravi metric analyses. However, the divergence of any single subsample from 100 percent reflects the variation in volatile content relative to average values for the eight standards used. Thus, if the totals in table 2 are greater than 100 percent, the subsamples had less volatile content than the average for the standards. If the totals in table 2 are

less than 100 percent, the converse is true. The most common cause for volatile content less than 100 percent (more than the average value for standards) is that most rocks contain some ferric iron and the WSU laboratory reports all iron as ferrous iron.

Trace-element concentrations of barium, chromium, nickel, scandium, and vanadium that are less than 30 ppm are considered serniquantita- tive by the WSU laboratory. A few samples listed in table 3 contained concentrations of nickel and scandium less than 30 ppm and these values should be considered tentative. Similarly, trace element concentrations of niobium, rubidium, strontium, thorium, yttrium, and zirconium that are less than 3 ppm are considered scmiquantitative. In table 3, 1 rubidium concentration and 65 thorium concentra tions were less than 3 ppm. Lanthanum and cerium XRF concentrations are considered qualitative by the WSU laboratory and should not be compared to ICP/MS concentrations. Other trace-element con centrations measured by XRF are generally satis factory, although there is some question about copper, gallium, lead, and zinc measurements. Additional information is available for XRF ana lytical precision and accuracy measurements in a report by Hooper and others (1993).

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

ICP/MS was used to analyze 56 of the 84 subsamples and 3 quality assurance split subsamples for 22 trace elements. GeoAnalytical Laboratory staff completely dissolved the core subsamples prior to analysis. The subsamples were ground in an iron bowl in a shatterbox swing mill. A fraction of the powdered subsample weighing 2 g was mixed with an equal amount of lithium tctraboratc flux and loaded into a muffle furnace that was preheated to 1,000°C. The mixture was fused for 5 minutes after the furnace returned to 1,000°C. The resulting bead was briefly ground in the shatterbox swing mill. Two hundred fifty mg of the resulting powder was dissolved in an open Teflon vial on a hotplate at 110°C with 6 mL of concentrated hydrofluoric acid (HF), 2 mL of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3), and 2 mL of concentrated perchloric acid (HCIO^). The sub-

sample then was evaporated until dry, redissolved with 2 mL of concentrated HC1O4, and evaporated again. This procedure converted insoluble fluorides to soluble perchlorates. An additional 3 mL of concentrated HNO3 , 8 drops of concentrated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 10 drops of concen trated HF, an internal standard of indium and rhenium, and enough distilled water to make a final volume of 60 mL were added to the subsample. This procedure removed silica and boron matrix interferences by volatilizing them as gaseous fluorides and ensured complete dissolution of refractory phases such as zircon and garnet (Knaack and others, 1994).

The subsamples were analyzed by 1CP/MS using a Sciex Elan model 250 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer equipped with a Babington nebulizer, a water cooled spray chamber, and Brooks mass flow controllers. Sub- samples were introduced by peristaltic pump into an argon plasma at 1.0 mL per minute using an automatic sampler. Plasma power was 1,500 watts, which generates a plasma temperature of 7,()00°C. These conditions minimize the formation of metal oxides. The instrument can measure many ele ments during each sample run. For each element, a count time of 0.5 seconds is repeated 10 times for a total integrated count time per element of 5 seconds. For elements with more than 1 isotope, target isotope selection is based on relative isotope abundance and freedom from interferences. The quadrupole mass spectrometer with an inductively coupled argon plasma ion source used by WSU's GeoAnalytical Laboratory is capable of quantita tively determining trace elements in liquids in the concentration range of fractions of a part per billion (Knaack and others, 1994). Duplicate subsamples from 3 laboratory rock standards, 1 acid blank sample, and 17 unknown subsamples were run together forming a total of 24 standard and unknown subsamples per batch. The 3 labor atory standards have been calibrated against 11 international standards by the GeoAnalytical Laboratory and elemental concentrations have been independently verified by other laboratories. Additional information for ICP/MS analytical precision and accuracy is available from the WSU GeoAnalytical Laboratory (Knaack and others, 1994).

Quality Assurance

Five quality-assurance subsamples were analyzed for elemental concentrations by the WSU GeoAnalytical Laboratory. The samples are identified in tables 1-3 by the letter "R" adjacent to the depth entry.

XRF. Replicate beads were prepared by the GeoAnalytical Laboratory for splits of the 36-ft subsample from the NPR Test corehole and the 448-ft subsample from the NPR WO1 corehole. These replicate beads were analyzed for the same 27 elements as the reference sample beads. Percentage differences between pairs of analytical results were calculated for the 36- and 448-ft subsamples. For the 10 major rock-forming elements listed in tables 1 and 2, all analytical results for the replicate beads were within 10 percent difference of the reference sample beads. For the 17 trace elements listed in table 3 that were analyzed by XRF, analytical results for the replicate beads were within 10 percent difference of the reference sample beads for 9 elements. The other 8 elements (cerium, copper, gallium, lanthanum, lead, rubidium, thorium, and zinc) had percentage differences greater than 10 percent. Of these, Hooper and others (1993) identi fied cerium and lanthanum concentrations as being strictly qualitative measurements. Copper, gallium, lead, and zinc concentrations were identified as questionable in some cases. The calculated per centage differences for rubidium and thorium concentrations that exceed 10 percent were for subsample pairs that had concentrations near the 3 ppm cutoff where the XRF method becomes semiquantitative.

ICP/MS. Replicate beads also were prepared by the GeoAnalylical Laboratory for splits of the 923-ft subsample from the TAN CH 2 corehole and the 195- and 593-ft subsamples from the TAN CH 1 corehole. These replicate beads were analyzed for the same 22 elements as the reference subsample beads. Percentage differences for all but one replicate subsample bead were within 10 percent of the reference subsample beads. The 923-ft replicate subsample bead for the TAN CH 2 corehole had a 12.2-percent difference from the reference subsample bead for uranium.

ICP/MS-XRF Comparison. Because of overlap between analytical methods, 7 elements were determined by both analytical methods for 56 of the 84 subsamples. Percentage differences were calculated between analytical results from the two methods for concentrations of each element, by depth, using the ICP/MS concentration as the reference concentration. The percentage differ ences were calculated by subtracting the XRF value from the ICP/MS value, dividing by the ICP/MS value, and multiplying by one hundred. The seven elements determined using both methods and the ranges of percentage differences for each follow: barium (+1 to +20 percent), cerium (-50 to +40 percent), lanthanum (-47 to +100 percent), lead (-129 to +72 percent), niobium (-21 to +12 percent), thorium (-367 to +100 percent), and yttrium (0 to +14 percent). These data indicate that direct comparison of results from the two methods is not valid.

ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Major rock-forming element composition was determined by XRF analysis and trace element concentrations were determined by XRF and ICP/MS analysis for selected core subsamples. Descriptive statistics were calculated and are reported along with the data in tables 1 and 3. The errors associated with the mean and median values are standard errors and are an estimate of the uncertainty of the mean and median concentra tions. Spiegel (1975, p. 162) published equations for calculation of the standard errors for the mean and median values. The standard errors of the mean and median values are valid if the distribu tion of a sample approximates a normal distribu tion. Spiegel (1975) indicated that for sample sizes greater than or equal to 30, the sampling distribu tion approximates a normal distribution, even if the population distribution is not normally distributed. Because the sample sizes for the TAN CH 1 and NPR Test coreholes are less than 30 and may not approximate a normal distribution, the standard errors associated with the mean and median values for those data sets should be used with caution.

Oxides of Major Rock-Forming Elements

Silicon, aluminum, titanium, iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus were determined by XRF analysis for 84 subsamples of core taken from 5 locations. Chemical composition of the samples is reported in terms of elemental oxides in units of percent by weight. The results are reported in table 1 by elemental oxide, corehole from which subsample was collected, and subsample depth. In the solid phase, iron occurs in both ferrous and ferric form. In this report, all iron is assumed to be ferrous iron and is reported as FeO. Also included for each element in table 1 are average crustal abundances and descriptive statistics.

Table 2 is a listing of the 10 major rock- forming elements, in weight percent, by the corehole from which the subsample was collected, and by subsample depth. For each depth, the 10 weight percents were summed and the totals also are listed in table 2.

Trace Elements

As many as 32 trace-element concentrations were determined for 84 subsamples of core taken from 5 locations by either XRF analysis, ICP/MS analysis, or both methods. The results are reported in table 3 by element, corehole from which subsample was collected, subsample depth, and analytical method. Also included for each element in table 3 are average crustal abundances and descriptive statistics.

SUMMARY

This report presents chemical compositions determined from 84 subsamples and 5 quality- assurance split subsamples of basalt core from the eastern Snake River Plain. The 84 subsamples were collected at selected depths from 5 coreholes located on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho. This report was prepared jointly by LITCO and the USGS, in cooperation with the DOE, Idaho Operations Office. WSU provided analytical services under contract to EG&G Idaho, Inc.

Ten major elements and as many as 32 trace elements were determined for each subsample either by XRF analysis, ICP/MS analysis, or by both methods. Descriptive statistics for each element were calculated and tabulated by analytical method for each corehole.

SELECTED REFERENCES

Bartholomay, R.C., Knobel, L.L., and Davis, L.C. 1989, Mineralogy and grain size of surficial sediment from the Big Lost River drainage and vicinity, with chemical and physical characteristics of geologic materials from selected sites at the Idaho National Engneer- ing Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-384 (DOEAD- 22081), 74 p.

Clarke. F.W., 1924, The data of geochemistry: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 770, 841 p.

Clarke, F.W., and Washington, H.S., 1924, The composition of the Earth's crust: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 127, 117 p.

Emsley, John, 1989, The elements: Oxford, Clarendon Press, 256 p.

Fiesinger, D.W., Perkins, W.D., and Puchy, G.J., 1982, Mineralogy and petrology of Tertiary- Quaternary volcanic rocks in Caribou County, Idaho, in Bonnichsen, Bill, and Breckenridge, R.M., cds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Moscow, Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 465-488.

Fyfe, W.S., 1974, Geochemistry: Oxford, Oxford University Press, 109 p.

Goldschmidt, V.M., 1954 Geochemistry: Oxford Clarendon Press, 730 p.

Govindaraju, 1989, 1989 compilation of working values and sample description for 272 geostandards: Geostandards Newsletter, v. 13, special issue, p. 1-113.

Greenwood, N.N., and Earnshaw, A., 1984, Chemistry of the elements: Oxford, Pergamon Press, 730 p.

Honjo, Norio, 1986, Petrology and geochemistry of the Magic Reservoir eruptive center, Snake River Plain, Idaho: Houston, Tex., Rice University, M.A. Thesis, 511 p.

Honjo, Norio, and Leeman, W.P., 1987, Origin of hybrid ferrolalite lavas from Magic Reservoir eruptive center, Snake River Plain, Idaho: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 96, p. 163-177.

Hooper, P.R., Johnson, D.M., and Conrey, R.M., 1993, Major and trace element analyses of rocks and minerals by automated X-ray spectrometry: Pullman, Wash., Washington State University Geology Department Open File Report, 12 p.

Jones, P.H., 1961, Hydrology of waste disposal, National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, an interim report: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Publication (IDO-22042), 151 p.

Knaack, Charles, Cornelius, Scott, and Hooper, Peter, 1994, Trace element analyses of rocks and minerals by ICP-MS: Pullman, Wash., Washington State University Geology Department Open File Report, variously paginated.

Kuntz, M.A., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1979, Geology, geochronology, and potential volcanic hazards in the Lava Ridge-Hells Half Acre area, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1657, 66 p.

Leeman, W.P., 1982a, Evolved and hybrid lavas from the Snake River Plain, Idaho, in Bonnichsen, Bill, and Breckenridge, R.M., eds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Moscow, Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 193-202.

~ 1982b, Olivine tholeiitic basalts of the Snake River Plain, Idaho, in Bonnichsen, Bill, and Breckenridge, R.M., eds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Moscow, Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 181-191.

Mason, Brian, 1966, Principles of geochemistry: New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 329 p.

Nace, R.L., Deutsch, Morris, and Voegeli, P.T., 1956, Geography, geology, and water resources of the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, Part 2: Geography and geology: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Publication (IDO-22033), 225 p.

Nace, R.L., Voegeli, P.T., Jones, J.R., andDeutsch, Morris, 1975, Generalized geologic framework of the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 725-B, 49 p.

Pittman, J.R., Jensen, R.J., and Fischer, P.R., 1988, Hydrologic conditions at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 1982 to 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 89-4008 (DOE/ID-22078), 73 p.

Poldervaart, A., ed., 1955, Crust of the earth: Geologic Society of America Special Paper 62, 762 p.

Shervais, John, Vetter, Scott, and Hackett, William, 1994, Chemical stratigraphy of basalts in coreholes NPR-E and WO-2, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: Implications for plume dynamics in the eastern Snake River Plain [Abs.]: International Symposium on the Observation of the Continental Crust Through Drilling, Vlltli, Santa Fe, N. Mex., April 25-30, 1994, [Proceedings], unpaginaled.

Spiegel, M.R., 1975, Probability and statistics: New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 372 p.

Wood, W.W., and Low, W.H., 1988, Solute geochemistry of the Snake River Plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1408-D, 79 p.

10

Table 1. Chemical composition (percent by weight) of selected core subsamples, by majorrock-forming element, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

[Location of coreholes is shown on figure 2. Units for depth are feet below land surface. Abbreviations: TAN, Test Area North; CH, corehole; NPR, New Production Reactor; TRA, Test Reactors Area; XRF, wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Analyses by Washington State University. Depth: R indicates quality-assurance split subsample of the specified sample depth. Quality-assurance samples were not included in calculation of statistical parameters. Percent by weight data for oxides in this report were not normalized except for average crustal abundances, which were normalized to a water-free basis by Poldervaart (1955). In this report, total iron is expressed as simple ferrous iron oxide (FeO). Mason (1966) discussed the limitations of estimating crustal oxide abundances of major rock-forming elements and summarized the results of Poldervaart (1955)]

ELEMENTS

A: Silicon F: CalciumB: Aluminum G: MagnesiumC: Titanium H: PotassiumD: Iron I: SodiumE: Manganese J: Phosphorus

11

A: Silicon oxide (SiO2) Average crustal abundance is 55.2 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)

[Oxide composition of core sample]TAN CH 2

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF45.5645.6346.0945.3346.5645.3347.8946.6147.7146.7747.1246.9646.5146.2246.8445.8946.8646.8447.5646.1046.2546.0446.2846.3846.1946.4847.1046.2046.2247.9747.2946.8946.5647.0946.42

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF46.2945.7646.0645.5146.7848.1847.5446.7746.6047.2346.3946.8846.3745.9146.6246.2346.2945.95

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF46.3546.8145.9646.9547.9047.5047.3147.2647.5847.1646.8346.6447.4947.4347.1147.0147.2847.7247.6447.7447.8646.67

NPR W01Depth XRF418 47.43448 47.53448R 47.78476 47.02522 47.06

TRA5Depth XRF

100 47.21139 47.06162 47.73170 46.71192 46.99202 46.71

[Descriptive statistics]TAN CH 2 TAN CH

ParameterMinimumMaximumMean

ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

XRF45.3347.9746.56

.1146.51

.1435

XRF45.5148.1846.52

.1546.38

.1918

1 NPR TestXRF

45.9647.9047.21

.1147.28

.1421

All coresXRF

45.3348.1846.78

.0746.805

.0984

12

B: Aluminum oxide (A^C^) Average crustal abundance is 15.3 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF13.2913.6413.8013.4013.9913.7414.9914.6413.8714.6014.6514.6414.8314.8415.2614.5714.2714.9013.7114.4915.0814.5214.8514.4914.6714.6013.5914.0613.8814.0413.9514.4414.5114.7614.46

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF13.0614.1514.2713.9013.8114.5814.9614.5414.8215.2515.0914.7914.8414.2914.5214.8614.8514.66

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF14.6214.6614.5514.6014.8614.8614.5514.9514.9315.0014.3415.2615.3115.5216.2614.7611.8015.0715.3715.5115.4714.45

NPR WO1Depth XRF418 15.87448 16.27448R 16.31476 14.54522 15.63

TRA5Depth XRF

100 15.34139 15.11162 15.10170 15.06192 14.25202 13.67

[Descriptive statistics]


ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF

13.2915.2614.34

.0914.49

.1135

2 TAN CHXRF

13.0615.2514.51

.1314.62

.1618

1 NPR TestXRF

11.8016.2614.86

.1814.93

.2321

All coresXRF

11.8016.2714.60

.0714.63

.0984

13

C: Titanium oxide (TiO2) Average crustal abundance is 1.6 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF3.193.073.213.243.143.172.572.523.072.512.542.552.402.451.682.033.152.883.533.092.863.052.883.152.872.963.103.153.153.102.962.582.452.562.93

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF3.822.833.253.333.382.892.452.522.022.242.232.952.873.183.043.062.872.89

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF2.902.972.842.662.072.263.052.432.402.643.252.861.951.691.322.774.592.681.351.361.332.51

NPR WO1Depth XRF418 1.34448 1.17448R 1.17476 2.76522 1.33

TRA5Depth XRF

100 2.10139 2.13162 2.19170 1.95192 2.88202 3.00



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF1.683.532.85

.062.96

.0835

2 TAN CH 1XRF2.023.822.88

.112.89

.1318

NPR TestXRF1.324.592.42

.172.51

.2121

All coresXRF1.174.592.66

.072.85

.0884

14

D: Iron oxide (FeO) Average crustal abundance is 8.6 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF14.7014.4914.7514.6214.6214.5813.1613.1014.2113.3213.2313.1613.0513.5411.9412.3514.4613.7915.1914.9614.5914.8014.1614.9914.3014.2514.4814.7214.8214.0914.2313.2513.3112.8313.95

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF15.4413.9314.7314.9214.9013.4213.2013.0812.0713.0612.7713.9914.0414.7314.2714.0614.5614.31

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF13.8913.7413.7513.1411.7111.691 3.6212.4812.7113.2214.3013.7811.7911.3910.5513.3315.5813.0710.7710.5510.6213.23

NPR WO1Depth XRF41 8 10.66448 10.16448R 10.14476 13.72522 10.81

TRA5Depth XRF

100 12.21139 12.23162 12.66170 12.26192 13.68202 14.06



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF

11.9415.1914.00

.1414.23

.1735

2 TAN CHXRF

12.0715.4413.97

.2114.05

.2618

1 NPR TestXRF

10.5515.5812.63

.3013.07

.3821

All coresXRF

10.1615.5813.44

.1413.70

.1784

15

E: Manganese oxide (MnO) Average crustal abundance is 0.2 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)

[Oxide composition of core sample]TANCH

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

2XRF0.22

.22

.21

.22

.22

.21

.20

.20

.21

.20

.20

.20

.19

.19

.18

.19

.21

.20

.22

.21

.20

.21

.20

.21

.21

.20

.22

.21

.22

.21

.21

.20

.20

.19

.20

TANCHDepth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

1XRFo.i4

.21

.22

.22

.22

.21

.20

.19

.19

.20

.19

.20

.20

.21

.21

.21

.21

.20

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF0.20

.20

.20

.20

.18

.19

.21

.19

.19

.20

.21

.20

.19

.19

.18

.20

.23

.20

.17

.17

.18

.20

NPR WO1Depth XRF418 0.18448 .17448R .17476 .20522 .18

TRA5Depth XRF

100 0.19139 .19162 .19170 .19192 .21202 .21



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2XRF0.19

.22

.21

.002

.21

.00235

TAN CH 1XRF0.19

.23

.21

.003

.21

.00318

NPR TestXRF0.17

.23

.19

.003

.20

.00421

All coresXRF0.17

.23

.20

.001

.20

.00284

16

F: Calcium oxide (CaO) Average crustal abundance is 8.8 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF9.589.539.429.389.369.489.299.349.459.359.409.659.629.74

10.409.959.259.249.349.389.579.619.559.789.469.579.449.629.419.369.369.829.64

10.159.80

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF10.189.509.729.639.599.419.409.41

10.1010.4810.469.319.249.399.359.679.549.52

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF9.459.539.399.469.94

10.099.439.339.359.549.619.66

10.4510.8111.649.619.429.68

10.3610.5410.6410.16

NPR WO1Depth XRF418 11.51448 11.29448R 11.32476 9.52522 10.48

TRA5Depth XRF

100 9.87139 9.79162 10.04170 9.67192 10.23202 9.63



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF9.24

10.409.55

.049.48

.0535

2 TANCH1 NPR TestXRF9.24

10.489.66

.099.53

.1118

XRF9.33

11.649.93

.139.66

.1721

All coresXRF9.24

11.649.75

.059.585

.0784

17

G: Magnesium oxide (MgO) Average crustal abundance is 5.2 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF6.717.017.007.047.167.086.927.316.727.487.707.678.127.599.089.076.326.766.056.207.017.017.406.766.997.107.246.776.936.646.807.407.638.137.03

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF5.877.077.046.986.886.947.497.879.387.697.756.816.736.286.816.967.317.15

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF7.327.377.457.638.968.546.987.517.887.766.617.659.029.18

10.127.464.697.11

10.9610.5910.39

8.11

NPR W01Depth XRF418 9.48448 10.46448R 10.52476 7.42522 11.08

TRA5Depth XRF

100 9.18139 9.16162 8.07170 8.92192 7.42202 7.51



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size


.117.03

.1435

2 TAN CH 1XRF5.879.387.17

.177.01

.2218

NPR TestXRF4.69

10.968.19

.337.76

.4121

All coresXRF4.69

11.087.64

.137.36

.1684

18

H: Potassium oxide (K2O) Average crustal abundance is 1.9 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF0.70

.66

.69

.64

.67

.63

.81

.59

.72

.59

.61

.60

.54

.46

.37

.42

.72

.66

.74

.65

.46

.47

.44

.46

.49

.55

.62

.48

.54

.65

.66

.68

.60

.61

.66

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF0.64

.58

.56

.58

.68

.71

.56

.57

.43

.37

.34

.62

.60

.59

.61

.45

.49

.49

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF0.61

.61

.59

.71

.67

.65

.79

.85

.84

.70

.86

.61

.45

.38

.12

.651.06

.69

.40

.40

.40

.55

NPR WO1Depth XRF418 0.24448 .23448R .22476 .68522 .29

TRA5Depth XRF

100 0.59139 .60162 .60170 .54192 .65202 .82

[Descriptive statistics]TAN CH 2


ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

XRF0.37

.81

.60

.02

.61

.0235

TAN CH 1XRF0.34

.71

.55

.02

.575

.0318

NPR TestXRF0.121.06.62.05.65.06

21

All coresXRF0.121.06

.58

.02

.60

.0284

19

I: Sodium oxide (Na2O) Average crustal abundance is 2.9 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF2.502.502.562.522.662.532.712.642.762.652.612.582.642.542.312.452.812.812.932.792.782.862.802.812.882.812.452.612.522.592.492.522.612.532.64

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF2.612.582.572.552.582.682.702.592.482.552.502.762.802.672.742.752.782.69

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF2.772.782.712.752.532.552.752.732.672.752.682.662.422.442.252.542.732.622.262.222.252.56

NPR WO1Depth XRF418 2.32448 2.29448R 2.28476 2.60522 2.18

TRA5Depth XRF

100 2.54139 2.56162 2.59170 2.58192 2.60202 2.64



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size


.022.61

.0335

2 TAN CH 1XRF2.482.802.64

.022.64

.0318


.042.62

.0521

All coresXRF2.182.932.60

.022.605

.0284

20

J: Phosphorus oxide (P2®5) Average crustal abundance is 0.3 percent by weight (Mason, 1966)

[Oxide composition of core sample]TANCH

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

2XRF1.02

.96

.81

.76

.79

.79

.72

.61

.76

.58

.56

.54

.47

.49

.28

.40

.54

.50

.58

.51

.42

.48

.43

.47

.46

.45

.72

.58

.59

.55

.53

.55

.53

.60

.56

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF1.37

.91

.83

.86

.84

.74

.58

.53

.38

.47

.39

.50

.50

.53

.50

.38

.46

.44

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF0.66

.67

.64

.61

.46

.51

.66

.63

.62

.69

.74

.63

.43

.35

.21

.59

.92

.58

.23

.23

.22

.50

NPR WO1Depth XRF418 0.22448 .19448R .19476 .59522 .23

TRA5Depth XRF

100 0.44139 .41162 .42170 .39192 .75202 .79



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF0.281.03

.59

.03

.55

.0335

2 TAN CHXRF0.381.37.62.06.515.08

18

1 NPR TestXRF0.21

.92

.53

.04

.59

.0521

All coresXRF0.191.37.56.02.54.03

84

21

Table 2. Chemical composition (percent by weight) of selected core subsamples, by coreholeand depth, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

[Location of coreholes is shown on figure 2. Units for depth are feet below land surface. Abbreviations: TAN, Test Area North; CH, corehole; NPR, New Production Reactor; TRA, Test Reactors Area. Analyses by Washington State University using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Depth: R indicates a quality-assurance split subsample of the specified sample depth. In this report, total iron is expressed as simple ferrous iron oxide (FeO). Total indicates the sum of unnormalized oxide chemical compositions by depth]

COREHOLES

A: B:

TAN CH 2 TAN CH 1

C: NPR Test and NPR WO 1 D: TRA 5

SYMBOLS FOR CHEMICAL NOTATIONS USED IN TABLE 2

SiO2A12O3TiO2FeOMnO

Silicon oxide Aluminum oxide Titanium oxide Iron oxide Manganese oxide

CaOMgOK2ONa2O

Calcium oxide Magnesium oxide Potassium oxide Sodium oxide Phosphorus oxide

22

A: TAN CH 2

OxideSiO2A1203Ti02FeOMnOCaOMgOK20Na2OP2O5Total

OxideSiO2A1203Ti02FeOMnOCaOMgOK20Na2OP205Total

OxideSiO2A12O 3TiO2FeOMnOCaOMgOK20Na20P205Total

OxideSiO2A1203TiO2FeOMnOCaOMgOK20Na20P2O5Total

13845.5613.293.19

14.70.22

9.586.71

.702.501.02

97.47

30946.7714.602.51

13.32.20

9.357.48

.592.65

.5898.05

52147.5613.713.53

15.19.22

9.346.05

.742.93

.5899.85

78546.2014.063.15

14.72.21

9.626.77

.482.61

.5898.40

15445.6313.643.07

14.49.22

9.537.01

.662.50

.9697.71

32747.1214.652.54

13.23.20

9.407.70

.612.61

.5698.62

54546.1014.493.09

14.96.21

9.386.20

.652.79

.5198.38

81646.2213.883.15

14.82.22

9.416.93

.542.52

.5998.28

17246.0913.803.21

14.75.21

9.427.00

.692.56

.8198.54

35246.9614.642.55

13.16.20

9.657.67

.602.58

.5498.55

57646.2515.082.86

14.59.20

9.577.01

.462.78

.4299.22

83247.9714.043.10

14.09.21

9.366.64

.652.59

.5599.20

20145.3313.403.24

14.62.22

9.387.04

.642.52

.7697.15

36646.5114.832.40

13.05.19

9.628.12

.542.64

.4798.37

59246.0414.523.05

14.80.21

9.617.01

.472.86

.4899.05

87047.2913.952.96

14.23.21

9.366.80

.662.49

.5398.48

Depth215

46.5613.993.14

14.62.22

9.367.16

.672.66

.7999.17

41346.2214.842.45

13.54.19

9.747.59

.462.54

.4998.06

63046.2814.852.88

14.16.20

9.557.40

.442.80

.4398.99

88646.8914.442.58

13.25.20

9.827.40

.682.52

.5598.33

23845.3313.743.17

14.58.21

9.487.08

.632.53

.7997.54

46346.8415.261.68

11.94.18

10.409.08

.372.31

.2898.34

65946.3814.493.15

14.99.21

9.786.76

.462.81

.4799.50

92346.5614.512.45

13.31.20

9.647.63

.602.61

.5398.04

25647.8914.992.57

13.16.20

9.296.92

.812.71

.7299.26

47745.8914.572.03

12.35.19

9.959.07

.422.45

.4097.32

67346.1914.672.87

14.30.21

9.466.99

.492.88

.4698.52

96147.0914.762.56

12.83.19

10.158.13

.612.53

.6099.45

21146.6114.642.52

13.10.20

9.347.31

.592.64

.6197.56

48746.8614.273.15

14.46.21

9.256.32

.722.81

.5498.59

73046.4814.602.96

14.25.20

9.577.10

.552.81

.4598.97

99046.4214.462.93

13.95.20

9.807.03

.662.64

.5698.65

29947.7113.873.07

14.21.21

9.456.72

.722.76

.7699.48

49046.8414.902.88

13.79.20

9.246.76

.662.81

.5098.58

75247.1013.593.10

14.48.22

9.447.24

.622.45

.7298.96

23

B: TAN CH 1

OxideSiO2A12O 3TiO2FeOMnOCaOMgOK2ONa2OP2O5Total

OxideSiO2A12O3TiO2FeOMnOCaOMgOK20Na2OP2O5Total

6146.2913.063.82

15.44.23

10.185.87

.642.611.37

99.51

42147.2315.252.24

13.06.20

10.487.69

.372.55

.4799.54

9145.7614.152.83

13.93.21

9.507.07

.582.58

.9197.52

43546.3915.092.23

12.77.19

10.467.75

.342.50

.3998.11

11146.0614.273.25

14.73.22

9.727.04

.562.57

.8399.25

46046.8814.792.95

13.99.20

9.316.81

.622.76

.5098.81

13045.5113.903.33

14.92.22

9.636.98

.582.55

.8698.48

47546.3714.842.87

14.04.20

9.246.73

.602.80

.5098.19

Depth150

46.7813.813.38

14.90.22

9.596.88

.682.58

.8499.66

49145.9114.293.18

14.73.21

9.396.28

.592.67

.5397.78

19548.1814.582.89

13.42.21

9.416.94

.712.68

.7499.76

50046.6214.523.04

14.27.21

9.356.81

.612.74

.5098.67

25047.5414.962.45

13.20.20

9.407.49

.562.70

.5899.08

52146.2314.863.06

14.06.21

9.676.96

.452.75

.3898.63

30046.7714.542.52

13.08.19

9.417.87

.572.59

.5398.07

57146.2914.852.87

14.56.21

9.547.31

.492.78

.4699.36

38046.6014.822.02

12.07.19

10.109.38

.432.48

.3898.47

59345.9514.662.89

14.31.20

9.527.15

.492.69

.4498.30

24

C:NPR

[NPR Test]

OxideSiO2A12O3TiO2FeOMnOCaOMgOK2ONa2OP205Total

OxideSiO2A12O3TiO2FeOMnOCaOMgOK20Na2OP2O5Total

OxideSiO2A1203TiO2FeOMnOCaOMgOK20Na2OP2O5Total

3646.3514.622.90

13.89.20

9.457.32

.612.77

.6698.77

23247.1615.002.64

13.22.20

9.547.76

.702.75

.6999.66

52747.6415.37

1.3510.77

.1710.3610.96

.402.26

.2399.51

36R46.8114.662.97

13.74.20

9.537.37

.612.78

.6799.34

27346.8314.343.25

14.30.21

9.616.61

.862.68

.7499.43

53847.7415.51

1.3610.55

.1710.5410.59

.402.22

.2399.31

5645.9614.552.84

13.75.20

9.397.45

.592.71

.6498.08

29146.6415.262.86

13.78.20

9.667.65

.612.66

.6399.95

55047.8615.47

1.3310.62

.1810.6410.39

.402.25

.2299.36

9846.9514.602.66

13.14.20

9.467.63

.712.75

.6198.71

31147.4915.31

1.9511.79

.1910.459.02

.452.42

.4399.50

60846.6714.452.51

13.23.20

10.168.11

.552.56

.5098.94

Depth121

47.9014.862.07

11.71.18

9.948.96

.672.53

.4699.28

37947.4315.52

1.6911.39

.1910.819.18

.382.44

.3599.38

12747.5014.862.26

11.69.19

10.098.54

.652.55

.5198.84

45047.1116.26

1.3210.55

.1811.6410.12

.122.25

.2199.76

14147.3114.553.05

13.62.21

9.436.98

.792.75

.6699.35

46147.0114.762.77

13.33.20

9.617.46

.652.54

.5998.92

15647.2614.952.43

12.48.19

9.337.51

.852.73

.6398.36

48047.2811.804.59

15.58.23

9.424.691.062.73

.9298.30

17047.5814.932.40

12.71.19

9.357.88

.842.67

.6299.17

48947.7215.072.68

13.07.20

9.687.11

.692.62

.5899.42

[NPR WO1]OxideSiO2A1203TiO2FeOMnOCaOMgOK2ONa2OP2O5Total

41847.4315.87

1.3410.66

.1811.519.48

.242.32

.2299.25

44847.5316.27

1.1710.16

.1711.2910.46

.232.29

.1999.76

448R47.7816.31

1.1710.14

.1711.3210.52

.222.28

.19100.10

47647.0214.542.76

13.72.20

9.527.42

.682.60

.5999.05

52247.0615.63

1.3310.81

.1810.4811.08

.292.18

.2399.27

25

D: TRA 5

DepthOxideSiO2A12O3Ti02FeOMnOCaOMgOK20Na2OP2Oc

10047.2115.342.10

12.21.19

9.879.18

.592.54

.44

13947.0615.112.13

12.23.19

9.799.16

.602.56

.41

16247.7315.102.19

12.66.19

10.048.07

.602.59

.42

17046.7115.06

1.9512.26

.199.678.92

.542.58

.39

19246.9914.252.88

13.68.21

10.237.42

.652.60

.75

20246.7113.673.00

14.06.21

9.637.51

.822.64

.79Total 99.67 99.24 99.59 98.27 99.66 99.04

26

Table 3. Trace-element concentrations of selected core subsamples, by corehole and analyticalmethod, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho

[Location of coreholes is shown on figure 2. Units are parts per million (ppm) except for depth, which is feet below land surface. Abbreviations: TAN, Test Area North; CH, corehole; NPR, New Production Reactor; TRA, Test Reactors Area; ICP/MS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; XRF, wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Analyses by Washington State University. Depth: R indicates quality-assurance split subsample of the specified sample depth. Quality-assurance samples were not included in calculation of statistical parameters. Symbol: ND indicates that analysis was not requested]

TRACE ELEMENTS

A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H:I:J:K:L:M:N:O:P:

BariumCeriumChromiumCopperDysprosiumErbiumEuropiumGadoliniumGalliumHafniumHolmiumLanthanumLeadLutetiumNeodymiumNickel

Q: NiobiumR: PraseodymiumS: RubidiumT: SamariumU: ScandiumV: StrontiumW: TantalumX: TerbiumY: ThoriumZ: ThuliumAA: UraniumBB: VanadiumCC: YtterbiumDD: YttriumEE: ZincFF: Zirconium

27

A: Barium (Ba) Average crustal abundance is 390 ppm (Emsley, 1989)

[Concentration]TAN CH 2

Depth ICP/MS138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923

483458458442473448487394450360370392344402224265451484481466339339311337357327383369374412384390394

923R 397961990

377414

TAN CH 1XRF452424423407434422461368416345345330313374197226424445454436314293263330310293366344370377370346367ND349370

Depth6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS XRF595469419437461470464398359254319272395396446387306311308308

553421380421441424ND362333218273233379378432357276290287ND

Depth3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

NPR TestICP/MS

NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND374NDND170NDNDND202NDNDND

NPR WO1XRF Depth314 418331 448304 448R363 476244 522277398446 TRA 5421 Depth406 100488 139345 162239 170197 192146 202415620420162174167257

XRF1108988

411215

XRF277277257232454440



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

ICP/MS224487395

11392

1335

XRF197461365

11368

1435

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

254595389

20395.5

2518

XRF218553359

20370

2518

NPR TestXRF146620324

27314

3421

All coresICP/MS XRF

170 89595 620385 343

11 11391 359.5

13 1356 84

28

B: Cerium (Ce) Average crustal abundance is 66 ppm (Emsley, 1989) [Ce concentrations by XRF are qualitative estimates]


Depth ICP/MS138 102154 97172 82201 78215 83238 78256 84277 66299 82309 65327 59352 57366 51413 50463 29477 39487 54490 52521 59545 50576 38592 42630 38659 42673 44730 41752 64785 51816 53832 52870 50886 52923 50923R 49961 54990 51

TAN CHXRF1059984788594888076706172395232343847434444464655534862585162753549

ND4846

Depth6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS14093788383848263553848404950514837394039

1XRF1469082988876

ND386134444557546054444333

ND

Depth36?6R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

NPR TestICP/MS

NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND

56NDND

21NDNDND

26NDNDND

NPR WO1XRF Depth61 41855 44864 448R68 47643 522465166 TRA 577 Depth79 10066 13954 16230 17030 19223 20243946126262455

XRF2123 '275332

XRF544335348081



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

ICP/MS29

10258

352

3.735

XRF32

10560

3.3534.2

35

TAN CH 1ICP/MS XRF

37140

626.3

50.57.9

18

3314664

6.855.5

8.518

NPR TestXRF

2394524.4

545.5

21

All coresICP/MS XRF

21 ' 21140 14658 57

2.9 2.552 53.5

3.6 3.156 84

C: Chromium (Cr) Average crustal abundance is 122 ppm (Emsley, 1989)

[Concentration]TAN

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

CH2XRF176182180197196205137208156214210232247256297363131146107135132170186160168176183157159163182244267264173

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF118185163169179178212223380211213139143134145124177173

NPRDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

TestXRF165167167213361318155213235203127161303318380189

61180406397393259

NPR W01Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF341374387186419

XRF269268224232249239



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF107363193

8.9182

1135

2 TAN CH 1 NPR TestXRF118380181

14175

1718

XRF61

406248

22213

2821

All coresXRF

61419215

8.5187.5

1184

30

D: Copper (Cu) Average crustal abundance is 68 ppm (Emsley, 1989)

[Concentration]TAN CH 2 TAN CH 1

Depth XRF138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

2733264047392429433524393843514321192825183125253221245517345732403636

Depth6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF3830171526233231342322

1162225172130

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF191921343132

6241518132439527029522271756438

NPR WO1Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF4663492971

XRF45

11036621834



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF

175733

1.732

2.235

2 TAN CH 1XRF1.0

3824

2.023

2.618

NPR TestXRF6.0

7536

4.531

5.621

All coresXRF1.0

11034

1.931

2.484

31

E: Dysprosium (Dy) Average crustal abundance is 4.5 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS9.69.28.58.38.88.47.57.08.66.86.76.76.06.24.55.66.66.37.46.55.96.36.06.56.46.17.97.27.57.47.17.16.66.67.46.9

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS128.88.38.79.28.17.86.86.45.46.25.36.26.46.96.36.06.36.16.2

NPR TestDepth ICP/MS

291 6.1450 4.1527 4.1



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS4.59.66.9

.186.7

.2235

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

5.3127.2

.406.4

.5018

All coresICP/MS

4.112

6.9.18

6.6.23

56

32

F: Erbium (Er) Average crustal abundance is 3.5 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS5.14.94.64.44.74.54.03.64.63.63.63.63.23.42.53.13.43.44.03.53.33.53.33.63.73.44.33.84.04.03.83.83.63.74.13.8

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS6.44.74.44.74.94.44.23.73.53.13.42.93.53.53.83.43.33.43.43.4


291 3.3450 2.5527 2.5



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

2.55.13.8

.093.7

.1235

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

2.96.43.9

.203.5

.2518

All coresICP/MS

2.56.43.8

.093.6

.1256

33

G: Europium (Eu) Average crustal abundance is 2.1 ppm (Emsley, 1989)

[Concentration]TAN

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

CH2ICP/MS

3.63.43.33.23.33.22.92.63.12.62.62.52.22.31.51.92.72.72.92.72.32.42.32.52.42.43.22.93.02.92.82.72.52.52.72.6

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS4.53.43.33.43.53.13.02.62.41.92.32.02.52.52.72.52.22.32.32.3


291 2.4450 1.3527 1.3



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

1.53.62.7

.072.7

.0935

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

1.94.52.7

.162.5

.2018

All coresICP/MS

1.34.52.7

.082.6

.1056

34

H: Gadolinium (Gd) Average crustal abundance is 6.1 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS11119.89.29.89.28.47.69.67.67.47.26.66.74.65.87.47.08.07.26.36.66.16.77.06.48.97.88.17.87.67.77.37.07.87.6

TANDepth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

CH1ICP/MS14109.69.9

119.28.47.67.15.66.65.56.97.27.66.96.46.66.56.2


291 6.6450 3.8527 3.9



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

4.6117.7

.247.6

.3035

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

5.5148.0

.527.15

.6518

All coresICP/MS

3.8147.7

.247.4

.3056

35

I: Gallium (Ga) Average crustal abundance is 19 ppm (Emsley, 1989)

[Concentration]TANCH

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

2XRF

2019202220262118211917211918181724202320222224212121172120192019172118

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF232122232119232116201418162024202222

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF18202120191720201819201920171820241816171517

NPR WO1Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF2115152116

XRF181519172018



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF

172620

.3620

.4535

2 TAN CH 1XRF

142420

.6521

.8218

NPR TestXRF

152419

.4319

.5421

All coresXRF

142620

.2620

.3284

36

J: Hafnium (Hf) Average crustal abundance is 2.8 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS7.66.26.86.87.36.56.15.36.55.35.05.44.84.83.14.05.34.96.15.24.34.64.44.95.04.76.75.66.16.25.86.15.95.86.65.3

TANDepth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

CH1ICP/MS

9.06.06.97.47.86.66.45.35.34.04.63.95.15.25.55.03.54.74.64.5


291 5.0450 2.5527 2.7



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

3.17.65.6

.175.4

.2135


.345.25

.4318

All coresICP/MS

2.59.05.5

.175.3

.2156

37

K: Holmium (Ho) Average crustal abundance is 1.3 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS1.81.71.61.61.61.61.41.31.61.31.21.21.11.2

.851.11.21.21.41.31.21.21.21.31.21.21.61.41.41.41.41.41.31.31.41.4

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS2.21.71.61.71.71.51.41.31.21.01.21.01.21.21.31.21.21.21.21.2


291 1.2450 .83527 .84

[Descriptive Statistics]


ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

0.851.81.4.03

1.3.04

35

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

1.02.31.4.08

1.2.10

18

All coresICP/MS

0.832.31.3

.031.3.04

56

38

L: Lanthanum (La) Average crustal abundance is 35 ppm (Emsley, 1989) [La concentrations by XRF are qualitative estimates]

[Concentration]

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

504739373936423239312827242313182524272318191819201929232424232423232524

TAN CH 1XRF

50504030384755305140242430274.09.0

252123

0157.0

1028291333101921291826

ND1426

Depth6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS6845373939414031261822192323242217181818

XRF693449313927

ND213326230

172727200

1219

ND

Depth3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

NPR TestICP/MSNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND26

NDND

10NDNDND

12NDNDND

NPR WO1XRF Depth27 41831 44828 448R30 47620 522213226 TRA 523 Depth20 10053 13934 16220 17030 192

0 2023228237.0

212728

XRF8.008.0

310

XRF295.00

325526

[Descriptive Statistics]TAN CH 2


ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

ICP/MS135027

1.524

1.935

XRF0

5526

2.426

3.035

TANICP/MS

176829

3.123.5

3.918

CH1XRF

06926

3.826.5

4.818

NPR TestXRF

05325

2.227

2.821

All coresICP/MS XRF

10 068 6927 25

1.4 1.624 26

1.8 1.956 84

39

M: Lead (Pb) Average crustal abundance is 13 ppm (Emsley, 1989)

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

6.46.05.35.25.64.96.34.86.14.24.44.33.84.33.53.04.34.25.13.83.63.43.43.55.53.84.43.73.74.15.04.14.24.24.33.8


XRF463296674645221363748514626546353

ND57

Depth6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS XRF7.55.14.64.75.35.85.94.54.02.93.43.23.93.94.33.93.53.53.33.4

857665

ND753423645685

ND

Depth3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

NPR TestICP/MS

NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND3.9NDND1.9NDNDND2.1NDNDND

NPR W01XRF4676256466653325642435

Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF45454

XRF664377



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

ICP/MS3.06.44.5

.154.3

.1935

XRF1.09.04.6

.335.0

.4235

TAN CH 1ICP/MS XRF

2.9 2.07.5 8.04.3 5.3

.26 .393.95 5.0

.33 .4918 18


.345.0

.4221

Ail coresICP/MS

1.97.54.3

.144.2

.1856

XRF1.09.04.8

.195.0

.2484

40

N: Lutetium (Lu) Average crustal abundance is 0.8 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS0.71

.66

.63

.62

.64

.61

.55

.50

.62

.51

.48

.51

.45

.48

.35

.45

.47

.45

.54

.49

.45

.49

.45

.50

.50

.47

.58

.52

.55

.54

.52

.55

.53

.52

.56

.53

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS0.87

.63

.60

.65

.67

.59

.57

.51

.50

.45

.47

.40

.48

.48

.52

.48

.47

.49

.48

.48


291 0.47450 .41527 .39



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

0.35.71.53.01.52.02

35

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

0.40.87.54.03.495.03

18

All coresICP/MS

0.35.87.53.01.505.01

56

41

O: Neodymium (Nd) Average crustal abundance is 40 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS545145434643423544353332282917233231353024272527272639333433323230303231

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS7248434647454335312228232929312924252525


291 30450 13527 15



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

175434

1.432

1.735

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

227235

3.030

3.818

All coresICP/MS

137233

1.431.5

1.756

42

P: Nickel (Ni) Average crustal abundance is 99 ppm (Emsley, 1989) [Ni concentrations less than 30 ppm are semiquantitative]


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF60647680848850684667769010110012510635482839383739324142736565616780999266

TAN CH 1Depth

6191111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF36697267745066102105737139393840373838

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF535255811019845555940325312012412487227424023321660

NPR WO1Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth100139162170192202

XRF10813113185

246

XRF163175841103436



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

XRF28125674.1665.2

35

TAN CH 1XRF36105595.3

586.618

NPR TestXRF22

2409414741721

All coresXRF22

246785.1

676.4

84

43

Q: Niobium (Nb) Average crustal abundance is 20 ppm (Emsley, 1989)

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

484239384037413239312726232213182624282218201820191926212221202222

923R 21961990

2427


XRF464235363734373136302727252414182724262318201920201927222222202222

ND2228

Depth6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS XRF6343374041423930261822202323242314181817

583837373738

ND312516221823212323171820

ND

Depth3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

NPR TestICP/MSNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND

27NDND

9.6NDNDND

12NDNDND

NPR WO1XRF29282830232331343432342619179.0

26422613131022

Depth418448448R476522

XRF119.69.1

2514

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF212118163640



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS XRF134827

1.24

1.35

144626

5 1.324

8 1.635

TAN CH 1ICP/MS XRF14 1663 5829 283.0 2.6

23.5 233.7 3.3

18 18

NPR TestXRF9.0

4225

1.926

2.421

All coresICP/MS106327

1.423.5

1.756

XRF9.0

5826

.9923.5

1.284

44

R: Praseodymium (Pr) Average crustal abundance is 9.1 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS131211101110108.6

108.27.87.56.76.64.05.37.37.07.96.95.45.95.46.06.15.78.77.27.57.27.17.16.86.87.36.9

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS181210111111108.27.35.16.35.46.76.77.06.55.25.65.65.5


291 7.3450 2.9527 3.6



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS4.0

137.7

.347.2

.4335

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

5.1178.2

.756.85

.9418

All coresICP/MS

2.9177.7

.347.15

.4356

45

S: Rubidium (Rb) Average crustal abundance is 78 ppm (Emsley, 1989) [Rb concentrations less than 3 ppm are semiquantitativel


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF13111211101013

813109

119768

1110119664558

1066

101110101011

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF8967

1210987459889666

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF111110131616151918151612971

12191298

1010

NPR WO1Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF554

106

XRF121114111217



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

XRF4.0

139.1

.4110

.5235

TAN CH 1XRF4.0

127.6

.468.0

.5718

NPR TestXRF1.0

1912

1.012

1.221

All coresXRF1.0

199.7

.3810

.4884

46

T: Samarium (Sm) Average crustal abundance is 7.0 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth ICP/MS138 11154 11172 9.8201 9.2215 9.8238 9.4256 8.6277 7.6299 9.6309 7.5327 7.3352 7.1366 6.4413 6.5463 4.2477 5.4487 7.4490 7.0521 8.3545 7.2576 6.0592 6.4630 6.0659 6.6673 6.5730 6.2752 8.9785 7.7816 8.0832 7.8870 7.5886 7.4923 6.9923R 7.0961 7.6990 7.2

TANDepth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

CH1ICP/MS

15109.5

10109.49.07.77.05.26.45.36.86.87.26.65.86.26.15.9

NPR TestDepth ICP/MS291 6.7450 3.2527 3.6



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS4.2

117.6

.267.4

.3235

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

5.2157.8

.576.9

.7218

All coresICP/MS

3.2157.5

.267.2

.3356

47

U: Scandium (Sc) Average crustal abundance is 25 ppm (Emsley, 1989) [Sc concentrations less than 30 ppm are semiquantitative]


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF3131343126312427402830282631373428253531303330333535332732313234333529

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF364242414335353029313132262827272732

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF35342630303234313033332937383732433241383835

NPR WO1Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF4034363133

XRF363434283743



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF

244031

.6031

.7535

2 TAN CH 1XRF

264333

1.431.5

1.718

NPR TestXRF

264334

.9233

1.221

All coresXRF

244333

.4932

.6284

48

V: Strontium (Sr) Average crustal abundance is 384 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF300301315312317319327330315325315292292289226241381392363357324308310308312311304329322319319293294292362

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF306313329330319320332298241270268362366349348315315316

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF313308311287258260304299297295292311226205190342300341197199196249

NPR WO1Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF187188185340203

XRF269264251249279273



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

XRF226392315

5.4315

6.835

TAN CH 1XRF

241366316

7.6317.5

9.618

NPR TestXRF

190342270

11292

1421

All coresXRF

187392296

5.0308

6.384

49

W: Tantalum (Ta) Average crustal abundance is 1.7 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS2.82.02.42.02.52.02.51.72.21.81.71.61.81.51.61.41.71.71.71.51.71.71.41.71.31.61.71.61.41.61.41.61.31.21.61.7

TANDepth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

CH1ICP/MS

3.32.02.42.22.52.32.32.01.61.31.41.61.41.81.61.7.94

1.41.21.2


291 2.1450 .87527 1.3



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

1.32.81.8.06

1.7.07

35


.131.65.17

18

All coresICP/MS

0.873.31.8

.061.7.07

56

50

X: Terbium (Tb) Average crustal abundance is 1.2 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS1.61.51.41.41.41.41.21.11.41.11.11.1

.971.0

.69

.881.11.01.21.1.94

1.0.97

1.01.1

.991.31.21.21.21.11.21.11.11.21.1

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS2.01.51.41.41.51.41.31.11.1

.85

.99

.84

.991.01.11.0

.961.01.0

.98


291 0.99450 .62527 .62



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

0.691.61.1.03

1.1.04

35

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

0.842.01.2

.071.05.09

18

All coresICP/MS

0.622.01.1

.031.1.04

56

51

Y: Thorium (Th) Average crustal abundance is 8.1 ppm (Emsley, 1989) [Th XRF concentrations less than 3 ppm are semiquantitative]


Depth ICP/MS138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

2.11.91.61.51.61.41.91.31.61.21.21.1

.98

.99

.68

.851.11.01.21.0

.80

.70

.73

.77

.86

.861.0

.64

.75

.951.01.31.41.31.21.4

XRF431741201112010203111201332121101

ND01

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS XRF2.11.81.11.21.61.71.61.21.1.85.87.78

1.11.01.21.0.82.75.75.69

240031

ND330200101000

ND

Depth3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

NPR TestICP/MS

NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND1.2NDND.60NDNDND.90NDNDND

NPR WO1XRF Depth XRF

2203314233200024032010

418 0448 2448R 3476 0522 0

TRA5Depth XRF100 1139 2162 1170 0192 3202 5



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

ICP/MS0.642.11.2

.061.1

.0835

XRF07.01.5

.251.0

.3135

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

0.752.11.2

.091.1.12

18

XRF04.01.1

.32

.50

.4018

NPR TestXRF04.01.7

.312.0

.3921

All coresICP/MS XRF

0.60 02.1 7.01.2 1.5

.05 .161.1 1.0

.06 .2056 84

52

Z: Thulium (Tm) Average crustal abundance is 0.5 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS0.75

.72

.67

.66

.69

.65

.57

.52

.67

.53

.53

.54

.47

.50

.36

.46

.50

.49

.59

.52

.48

.52

.50

.52

.53

.50

.62

.56

.59

.57

.56

.57

.53

.53

.57

.54

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS0.89

.67

.63

.66

.70

.61

.60

.53

.51

.44

.47

.40

.48

.49

.53

.49

.48

.50

.50

.48


291 0.48450 .37527 .38



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS0.36

.75

.56

.01

.54

.0235

TAN CH 1ICP/MS0.40

.89

.55

.03

.505

.0418

All coresICP/MS

0.36.89.55.01.53.02

56

53

AA: Uranium (U) Average crustal abundance is 2.3 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS0.71

.67

.55

.51

.56

.45

.58

.39

.53

.38

.37

.37

.30

.30

.19

.25

.35

.32

.39

.33

.25

.23

.23

.25

.26

.28

.34

.22

.25

.29

.29

.38

.41

.36

.76

.37

TANDepth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

CH1ICP/MS

0.69.57.38.37.52.49.46.38.33.25.26.23.34.32.35.31.24.25.25.23


291 0.38450 .10527 .24

[Descriptive Statistics}


ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

0.19.76.38.02.35.03

35

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

0.23.69.36.03.335.04

18

All coresICP/MS

0.10.76.37.02.34.02

56

54

BB: Vanadium (V) Average crustal abundance is 136 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF306291304322289316259255307254250262266263225249306268273291298297295315299303308321307317296275262278285

TAN CH 1Depth

6191111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF362263304326322292245274253267284297271315287332301300

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF296311303267265289309265249284347316256245248267410279222234232303

NPR WO1Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth100139162170192202

XRF269229230275224

XRF252266297271334314



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF

225322286

4.2291

5.235

2 TAN CH 1XRF

245362294

7.1294.5

8.918

NPR TestXRF

222410280

9.42671221

All coresXRF

222410285

3.5286

4.484

55

CC: Ytterbium (Yb) Average crustal abundance is 3.1 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

ICP/MS4.54.34.24.04.14.03.53.24.03.33.23.33.03.12.32.93.23.03.63.23.03.23.03.23.43.13.83.53.63.63.43.53.33.33.73.5

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

ICP/MS5.74.33.94.14.43.83.73.33.22.83.02.63.13.13.43.13.13.23.13.0


291 3.0450 2.5527 2.4



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

2.34.53.5

.083.4

.1035

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

2.65.73.5

.183.2

.2218

All coresICP/MS

2.35.73.4

.083.3

.1056

56

DD: Yttrium (Y) Average crustal abundance is 31 ppm (Emsley, 1989)

[Concentration]

Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923923R961990

TAN CH 2ICP/MS

595652515250444149393938353626323938454036403639383746434544414341404542

XRF524847444746413846373538333625323736413834363436373545394041384037

ND4039

Depth6191

111130150195195R250300380421435460475491500521571593593R

TAN CH 1ICP/MS

7152485254484640393336323839413936373736

XRF644945464842

ND363530332935363935333634

ND

Depth3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

NPR TestICP/MS

NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND

37NDND

27NDNDND

27NDNDND

NPR W01XRF40414041343442403940443532312539624024272535

Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth100139162170192202

XRF2623234123

XRF303132314551



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

ICP/MS265942

1.141

1.435

XRF2552390.9

381.1

35

TAN CH 1ICP/MS XRF327143

2.339

2.918

296439

236

2.518

NPR TestXRF

246237

1.839

2.321

All coresICP/MS267142

1.140

1.456

XRF2364380.83

371.0

84

57

EE: Zinc (Zn) Average crustal abundance is 76 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth XRF138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

15014514314214114112612514112612111311711495

100136128151134128127126129125129140140142139136126121127129

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

NPR TestXRF158139141145140133122119104110103129125132130126124123

Depth3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF12312412111798

1041261121151201291151009074

129155127777476

107

NPR WO1Depth

418448448R476522

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF757668

12577

XRF96989898

126131



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TAN CH 2XRF

95151130

2.1129

2.735

TAN CH 1XRF

103158128

3.3127.5

4.218

NPR TestXRF

74155109

4.7115

5.921

All coresXRF

74158121

2.2126

2.784

58

FF: Zirconium (Zr) Average crustal abundance is 162 ppm (Emsley, 1989)


Depth138154172201215238256277299309327352366413463477487490521545576592630659673730752785816832870886923961990

XRF327308294286309287256222272218204213194197124161226211247221182195181194204191270228240239234248240259207

TAN CH 1Depth

6191

111130150195250300380421435460475491500521571593

XRF409293285299305263214211155183162211215226214173186183

NPR TestDepth

3636R5698

121127141156170232273291311379450461480489527538550608

XRF240239232247178183252257252261270211175151104237375236109109107189

NPR WO1Depth418448448R476522

TRA5Depth

100139162170192202

XRF1089495

237109

XRF169164157144285297



ErrorMedian

ErrorSample size

TANCHXRF124327231

7.6226

9.535

2 TAN CH 1XRF155409233

15214

1918

NPR TestXRF104375208

15232

1921

All coresXRF

94409219

6.7216.5

8.384

59

chemical composition of selected core samples, … composition of selected core samples, idaho...

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