chemical education lead and the romans
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Lead and the Romans
Aravind Reddy and Charles L. Braun*
Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover,
New Hampshire 03755
J. Chem. Educ., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/ed100631y
Publication Date (Web): August 3, 2010
Copyright © 2010 The American Chemical Society and
Division of Chemical Education, Inc.
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Lead poisoning has been a problem since early history and continues into modern times. An
appealing characteristic of lead is that many lead salts are sweet. In the absence of cane and
beet sugars, early Romans used “sugar of lead” (lead acetate) to sweeten desserts, fruits, and
sour wine. People most at risk would have been those who consumed the most wine, the
aristocracy, although they appeared unaware of the neurological and reproductive damage to
themselves and their children. This article focuses on lead use in the Roman Empire as an
example and attempts to address some of the major concerns voiced by opponents of Nriagu’s
1983 article, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, on saturnine gout in the
Roman Empire. Despite new theories formulated since 1983, current archeological evidence
does not match the claims of widespread use of leaden vessels made by historical accounts.
Although historical sources are consistent, more substantive archeological evidence is needed
before convincing arguments can be made in favor of the role of lead poisoning in the
downfall of the Roman Empire.
Keywords:General Public
Keywords:History/Philosophy; Public Understanding/Outreach; Safety/Hazards
Keywords:Misconceptions/Discrepant Events
Keywords:Metals; Toxicology; Food Science
Keywords:CLIC
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Abstract
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8/14/2010http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/ed100631y