chemical equations these interactions are called chemical reactions. a substance that undergoes a...
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Balance metals, followed by non-metals, and then polyatomic ions if they are located on both sides. Balance the hydrogens. Finally balance the oxygens. Verify all values.TRANSCRIPT
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Chemical Equations
These interactions are called chemical reactions. A substance that undergoes a chemical reaction is called a reactant. A substance that is formed in a chemical
reaction is called a product.
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• The law of conservation of mass states that in any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.
• Thus we must balance the reactions.
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• Balance metals, followed by non-metals, and then polyatomic ions if they are located on both sides.
• Balance the hydrogens.• Finally balance the oxygens.• Verify all values.
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Synthesis Reactions
• In a synthesis reaction, two or more elements or compounds combine to form a new substance.
A + B → C
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Synthesis Reactions
• 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(g)
• 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s)
• 2 K(s) + Cl2(g) → 2 KCl(s)
• 4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
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Synthesis Reactions
• When a non-metallic oxide reacts with water, the product is an acid.
• SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq)
• Conversely, when a metallic oxide reacts with water, the product is a metal hydroxide.
• CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq)
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Decomposition Reactions
• In a decomposition reaction, a compound breaks down into elements or other compounds. Therefore, a decomposition reaction is the opposite of a synthesis reaction.
C → A + B
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Decomposition Reactions
• 2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2
• NH4NO3(s) → N2O(g) + 2 H2O(g)
• Generally decompose into elemental form, but maybe some compounds.
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Decomposition Reactions
• Carbonates decompose into carbon dioxide and a metal oxide:
• MgCO3(s) CO2(g) + MgO(s)
• Hydroxides decompose into water and a metal oxide:
• Ca(OH)2(s) H2O(l) + CaO(s)
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Decomposition Reactions
• Chlorates decompose into oxygen and a metal halide:
• 2 KClO3(s) 3 O2(g) + 2 KCl(s)
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Combustion Reactions• A combustion reaction occurs when a
compound reacts in the presence of oxygen to form oxides and energy.
• S8(s) + 8 O2(g) → 8 SO2(g)
• Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon occurs when the hydrocarbon reacts completely in the presence of sufficient oxygen. The complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces only water vapour and carbon dioxide gas as products.
• C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)
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• Incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon occurs when there is not enough oxygen present for the hydrocarbon to react completely. The incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and solid carbon in varying amounts.
• 2 C3H8(g) + 7 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 8 H2O(g) + 2 CO(g) + 2 C(s)