chemical reactions part ii chemistry 1. check for understanding balance the following chemical...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chemical Reactions Part II
Chemistry 1
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Check for Understanding
Balance the following Chemical Equations:
CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Na2O2 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O2
N2 + H2 NH3
When solid copper reacts with aqueous silver nitrate, the products are aqueous copper (II) nitrate and silver metal.
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Review Individual Practice
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Steps to Follow to Balance Equations
1. Determine the number of atoms for each element.
2. Pick an element that is not equal on both sides of the equation.
3. Add a coefficient in front of the formula with that element and adjust your counts.
4. Continue adding coefficients to get the same number of atoms of each element on each side.
**Note: LEAVE THE SUBSCRIPTS ALONE! (you cannot change the chemical formula to balance atoms)
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Steps to Write Equations
1. When writing formulas don’t forget to look up charges if the compound is ionic!!!
2. Diatomic Molecules: Always travel in pairs1. H.O.F.Br.I.N.Cl. (Dr. HOFINBrCl)2. These elements need a subscript 2 after
them if they are by themselves!
3. Once the equation is written, then balance the equation by adding coefficients.
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Individual Practice
Word problems:
When sodium metal reacts with iron (II) chloride, iron metal and sodium chloride are formed.
When dissolved beryllium chloride reacts with dissolved silver nitrate in water, aqueous beryllium nitrate and silver chloride powder are made. (include state)
On your homework from today write the names of the products and reactants for 1-6.
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Types of Chemical Reactions
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Types of Reactions DEMO Activity
LAB Pictures
Keys to success- Be sure your hand is VERY soapy!! Keep your hand flat Keep all your fingers together and “tuck your
thumb in” Do NOT move your hand once it is on fire. Do not forget to SMILE for your picture!
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Synthesis Reaction
Synthesis Reaction: A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
A + B AB
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Examples of Synthesis Rxn
A + B AB
Water: H2 + O2 H2O
Table Salt: Na + Cl2 NaCl
Given the following reactants, predict the products.
S8 + O2
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Synthesis: 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
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Decomposition Reactions
Decomposition Reaction: A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances.
AB A + B
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Examples of Decomposition Rxn
Digestion is a series of decomposition reactions that break down food for fuel for your body.
The production of gasoline is done by “cracking” crude oil where you break down carbon and hydrogen molecules.
Electrolysis of water:
H2O H2 + O2
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Decomposition: C12H22O11 → 12C + 11H2O
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Combustion Reactions
Combustion Reactions: A reaction where an organic molecule is combined with oxygen.
CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O
Oxygen (O2) is a reactant.
CO2 and H2O are produced
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Uses for Combustion
Combustion reactions are used in your home everyday in stoves, water heaters, and furnaces.
Example of Combustion Reaction:
2CH4 + 4O2 2CO2 + 4H2O
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Combustion: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
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Single Displacement Reaction
Single Displacement Reaction: A reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound.
* A more reactive element will take the place of a less reactive element. (see page 286 Table 3)
AX + B BX + A
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Examples of Single Displacement
Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Q: In the example above, which element is more reactive?
CuCl2 + Al
Q: In the above example, predict the products.
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Single Replacement: Cu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
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Double Displacement Reaction
Double Displacement Reaction: A reaction where there is an apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds.
AX + BY AY + BX
Indicators of a double displacement reaction:
Formation of a Precipitate (solid)
Formation of a Gas (bubbles)
Formation of Water
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Example of Double Displacement
The yellow lines on the roads are made from a double displacement reaction.
Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 PbCrO4 + KNO3
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Double Replacement: 3CuCl2 + 2Na3PO4 → Cu3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl
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Practice (in your notes)
Balance and Classify the following chemical reactions: __Mg + ___HCl ____MgCl2 + ____H2
__C4H8 + ___ O2 ____CO2 + ____ H2O
___Ca(OH) 2 + ___H2 SO4 ____CaSO4 + ___H2O
___N2 + ___O2 ____N2O5
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Individual Practice
Unit 8 Review Packet
Access Term 1 Final Exam Review Packet (blog)
Questions? (10minutes)
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Chemical Equations/Reactions Exam
Friday, March 6th!
Term deadline is March 9th!
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Acid-Base Reactions
Acid/Base Rxn: The reactants will include an acid combining with a base. The products will include water and a salt.
HX + B(OH) H2O + BX
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Acid-Base Reactions
The Bronsted-Lowry Definitions
Acid is a proton donor.
Base is a proton acceptor.
An acid-base reaction is often called a neutralization reaction.
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Examples of Acid/Base Reaction
HCl + Ca(OH)2 H2O + CaCl2
HCN + K(OH) H2O + KCN
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Oxidation Reduction (REDOX) Reactions
Reactions in which one or more electrons are transferred (redox reactions)
Example: H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g)
Electrons are transferred from the hydrogen to the chlorine.
Recall Rules for Assigning Oxidation States
Remember: The sum of the oxidation states in a neutral compound must equal zero.
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Oxidation States
Assign oxidation states to each of the atoms in the following compounds:
Hint: Check that oxidation states sum up to the charge on the compound/ion.
CaF2
C2H6
H2O
ICl5
KMnO4
SO42-
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Practice- Oxidation States
Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe
THE IRON GAINED ELECTRONS. IT HAS BEEN REDUCED.
THE ALUMINUM LOST ELECTRONS. IT HAS BEEN OXIDIZED.
OIL – Oxidation Involves Loss (of electrons)
RIG- Reduction Involves Gain (of electrons)
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OIL RIG Practice
For each reaction, identify the atoms that undergo reduction or oxidation (and charges). Also, list the oxidizing and reducing agents.
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g)
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) Zn2+
(aq) + Cu(s)
2AgCl(s) + H2(g) 2H+(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 2Cl-(aq)