2 2 32

Chemiosmosis

CO2 H2O

Glycolysis

• # ATP Produced = Net Gain of 2• Electron Carriers = Produces NADH• Oxygen = NOT required (anaerobic)• Where? = In the Cytoplasm• What Happens? = 1 molecule of Glucose is

split into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid (pyruvate)

Net Gain of

Aerobic In Mitochondria

OR Anaerobic Fermentation in the Cytosol

Fermentation

• # ATP Produced = NONE• Electron Carriers = Produces NAD+• Oxygen = NOT required (anaerobic)• Where? = In the Cytoplasm• What Happens? = If oxygen is NOT available,

Pyruvic Acid is broken down into either Ethanol & CO2 (yeast) or Lactic Acid (animals) INSTEAD of going through the Kreb’s Cycle

Alcoholic Fermentation

Kreb’s Cycle

• # ATP Produced = 2• Electron Carriers = Produces 8 NADH and

2 FADH2

• Oxygen = REQUIRED (aerobic)• Where? = In the Mitochondria (matrix)

Kreb’s Cycle• What Happens? = If oxygen IS available,

fermentation does NOT happen.1. Pyruvic Acid is converted into Acetyl CoA. 2. This joins with oxaloacetic acid to form citric

acid. 3. Citric Acid goes through a cycle where CO2

and electron carriers are formed. 4. The original pyruvic acid molecules are

completely broken down into CO2.

Kreb’s (Citric Acid)

Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

• # ATP Produced = 32• Electron Carriers = Uses NADH and FADH2

to produce a H+ ion gradient• Oxygen = REQUIRED (aerobic)• Where? = In the Mitochondria (across

INNER membrane)

Electron Transport Chain

• What Happens? = 1. The electron carriers (NADH & FADH2) are used

to pump H+ ions across the inner membrane (from the Matrix to the Intermembrane Space).

2. This creates a concentration gradient that allows ATPsynthase to convert ADP into ATP (chemiosmosis).

3. 6 H2O is produced as a byproduct of ETC.

Electron Transport Chain

MATRIX

INNER MEMBRANE

INTERMEMBRANE SPACE

HIGH

LOW

Cellular Respiration Videos

• ETC Animation http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/etc.html

• Mr. Anderson http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M

• http://www.sciencegeek.net/Biology/review/U2RespFillin.htm

Comparison of Photosynthesis

and Cellular Respiration

2 2 32

Chemiosmosis

CO2 H2O

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Purpose

Sequence of StepsLocation

Reactants

Products

Equation

PurposePhotosynthesis

Convert Sunlight into Chemical

Energy in order to Build

Carbohydrates for use as Food

Cellular Respiration

Break Down Carbohydrates into Chemical

Energy (ATP) to be used to Power Life Processes

Sequence of Steps

PhotosynthesisLight Dependent Reaction (Light Absorption in Photosystems 2 then 1 & Chemiosmosis)

Calvin Cycle

Cellular RespirationGlycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain (& Chemiosmosis)

LocationPhotosynthesisChloroplast: 1. Light

Dependent = Thylakoid

2. Calvin Cycle = Stroma

Cellular RespirationMitochondria:1. Glycolysis =

Cytoplasm (outside mitochondria)

2. Krebs Cycle = Matrix

3. ETC = Inner Membrane

ReactantsPhotosynthesisLight, Water & Carbon Dioxide1. Light Dependent

= Water (6 H2O)

2. Calvin Cycle = Carbon Dioxide (6 CO2)

Cellular RespirationGlucose & Oxygen1. Glycolysis =

Glucose2. Krebs Cycle =

Oxygen & Pyruvate (acetyl CoA)

3. ETC = Oxygen, NADH, FADH2, & ADP

ReactantsPhotosynthesisGlucose & Oxygen1. Light

Dependent = Oxygen (6 O2), ATP, & NADPH

2. Calvin Cycle = Glucose (C6H12O6)

Cellular RespirationCarbon Dioxide, Water, & ATP1. Glycolysis = 2

Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

2. Krebs Cycle = 2 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 6 CO2

3. ETC = 6 H2O, 32 ATP

EquationPhotosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light C6H12O6 + 6O2

Cellular RespirationC6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

Review Videos

• Mr. Anderson Photos. & CR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IJMRsTcwcg