chemistry. atomic structure atoms, atoms, atoms!!!!!!!!

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Page 1: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Chemistry

Page 2: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

• Atomic structure

• ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Page 3: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Atoms• Atoms—tiniest part of an element that still

has the element’s properties

• They are too small to see with the naked eye.

• The term atom is Greek and means “too small to be divided”

Page 4: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Atoms2

• Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles:– Neutrons

– Protons

– Electrons

Page 5: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Subatomic particles• The nucleus:

– The nucleus is the center of the atom, contains the protons and neutrons, and makes up the mass of the atom.

– The protons and neutrons make up all of the mass of an atom

– The neutron has no charge to it– The proton has a positive charge (p for positive)

Page 6: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Subatomic particles2

• Orbiting around the nucleus are the electrons.

• They have a negative charge.

• They are extremely small.

• They are so small that their mass is not included in the element’s atomic mass.

• Electrons are located in energy levels outside of the nucleus.

• The electrons in the highest energy level are called valence electrons.

Page 7: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Atom Joke A proton, neutron, and electron went out to dinner

one night. After a luxurious meal, the waiter brought the check to the proton and the electron. The neutron was perplexed as to why the waiter didn't bring him his check. So, he summoned the waiter to the table and asked him about it.

The waiter explained to the neutron, "For you, there's no charge!“

Haaaaaaaaaa! Haaaaaa! Haaaaaaaaaaaa!

Page 8: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Model of an atom

Page 9: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Atoms and the Periodic Table• All of the world’s known elements are on the

periodic table.

• The elements atomic number tells the element’s number of protons and electrons.

• The element's atomic mass tells the element’s number of protons and neutrons added together.

Page 10: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Elements on the Periodic Table

Page 11: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

How many neutrons?• An atom’s mass is made out of neutrons and

protons.• If copper has an atomic mass of 64 grams

and has an atomic number of 29 how many neutrons does it have?

• Mass=neutrons + protons• 64= neutrons + 29 (the atomic number is the

number of protons)• 64- 29=35 neutrons!!!

Page 12: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Atoms and charges

• What happens when an atom gains or looses an electron?

• The atom becomes charged!– Example: Copper has an atomic number of 29.

This means copper has 29 electrons(-) and 29 protons(+). If copper were to loose two electrons, what would copper’s charge be?

29 Protons (+)+ 27 Electrons (-) 2 Protons left over, each proton has a positive

charge so the charge of copper would be +2!

Page 13: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Practice Problem• Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an

atomic mass of 16. How many neutrons does oxygen have?

• Answer: 16= N+8, N=8

• What would Oxygen’s charge be if it gained two electrons?

• Answer: 8(+ protons) + 10 (- electrons)=-2

Page 14: Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Atom JokeTwo atoms are walking down the street and

ones says to the other, “Hey hold up. I think I lost an electron.” The second atom replies, “Are you sure?” The first atom exclaimed, “I’m positive!!!”

HA! HA! HA! HA!

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