chemistry – ch1

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ADDITIONAL MATERIALS

In addition to this examination paper, you will need a:• calculator;• copyofthePeriodic Table supplied by WJEC. Refertoitforanyrelative atomic masses you require.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Useblackinkorblackball-pointpen.Donotusegelpenorcorrectionfluid.Writeyourname,centrenumberandcandidatenumberinthespacesatthetopofthispage.Section A Answer allquestionsinthespacesprovided.Section B Answer allquestionsinthespacesprovided.CandidatesareadvisedtoallocatetheirtimeappropriatelybetweenSection A (10 marks) andSection B (70 marks).

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

Thenumberofmarksisgiveninbracketsattheendofeachquestionorpart-question.Themaximummarkforthispaperis80.Youranswersmustberelevantandmustmakefulluseoftheinformationgiventobeawardedfullmarksforaquestion.The QWC labelalongsideparticularpart-questionsindicatesthosewheretheQualityofWrittenCommunicationisassessed.If you runout of space, use the additional page(s) at the backof the booklet, taking care tonumberthequestion(s)correctly.

SM*(W13-1091-01)

Surname

Other Names

CandidateNumber

2

CentreNumber

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GCE AS/A level

1091/01

CHEMISTRY – CH1

A.M. THURSDAY, 10 January 2013

1½ hours

FOR EXAMINER’SUSE ONLY

Section Question Mark

A 1-6

B 7

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TOTAL MARK

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Examineronly

SECTION A

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1. Themassnumberofanisotopeofgalliumis70.

Statethenumberofneutronsinanatomofthisisotope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1]

2. Write the letter which represents the correct equation for the second ionisation energy ofgallium in the box below. [1]

A Ga(g) + 2e– Ga2–(g)

B Ga(g) Ga2–(g) + 2e–

C Ga+(g) Ga2+(g) + e–

D Ga2+(g) + 2e– Ga(g)

3. Anenrichedisotopicmixtureoflithiumcontains6Li 12.0 % and 7Li88.0%bymass. Showingyourworking,calculatetherelativeatomicmassofthissampleoflithium. Giveyouranswertothree significantfigures. [2]

Relative atomic mass = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

(1091-01) Turn over.

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3Examiner

only4. Theenergycycleforadecompositionofnitrogen(II)oxideisshownbelow.

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(a) Complete the equation to show ∆Hintermsof∆H1, ∆H2 and ∆H3. [1]

∆H = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) Write thechemicalequation for thestandardmolarenthalpychangeof formationofgaseousnitrogen(II)oxide,NO. [1]

5. Carbonoxide sulfide,COS, isobtainedbyheating together carbonmonoxideandgaseoussulfur.

2CO(g)+S2(g)s2COS(g)

State and explain any change that occurs when more carbon monoxide is added to theequilibrium mixture. [2]

32N2

32 O2

3NO

∆H1∆H3

NO2

∆H2

∆HN2O +

+

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6. Anoxideoftitaniumcontains60%oftitaniumbymass.Calculatetheempiricalformulaofthisoxideoftitanium. [2]

[Ar(Ti)=48]

Empirical formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section A Total [10]

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SECTION B

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

7. (a) In 2011 amanwas detained atMoscowAirport when he tried to smuggle samplescontainingaradioactiveisotopeofsodium,22Na,ontoanaircraft.

(i) Thisisotopeismadefromanaluminiumisotopebylossofanα-particle.

State what is meant by an α-particle. [1]

(ii) 22Nadecays by the loss of a positron. Thismay occur by the breakdown of aprotonintoaneutronandapositron,givingtheproduct,bX.

Deducethemassnumber(b)andthechemicalsymbol(X)ofthisproduct. [2]

b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) Thehalf-lifeoftheisotope22Nais2.6years.Themassofasampleofthisisotopeis48mg.

Calculatethetimetakenforthemassof22Natofallto3mg. [1]

Time taken = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years

(b) The visible emission spectrum of sodium shows a strong yellow-orange line at awavelengthof589nmandaweakergreenlineat569nm.

Completethesentencesbelowbyusingthewordshigher or lower as appropriate. [1]

The frequencyof thegreen lineat569nm is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . than the frequency

of the yellow-orange line at 589nm. Another line is seen at 424nm.

Thisiscausedbyanelectronictransitionof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . energy than the line at

569nm.

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(c) Tronaisanaturally-occurring‘sodiumcarbonate’mineral.Ithastheformula Na2CO3.NaHCO3.2H2O.

(i) Showthattherelativemolecularmassoftronais226. [1]

(ii) Onheating,tronaloseswaterandcarbondioxidegivingsodiumcarbonate.

2[Na2CO3.NaHCO3.2H2O](s)3Na2CO3(s)+CO2(g)+5H2O(l)

Calculatetheatomeconomyofthisreaction,assumingthatsodiumcarbonateistheonlyrequiredproduct. [2]

Atom economy = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

(iii) Theabovereactionisusedcommerciallytoobtainsodiumcarbonate.

Suggest one environmental disadvantage of this reaction as indicated by theequation,andstatewhatcouldbedonetoovercomethisproblem. [2]


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(d) Whensodiumcarbonateisaddedtowater,someofthecarbonateionsreactwiththewatertogiveanalkalinesolution.

CO32–(aq)+H2O(l)s HCO3

–(aq)+OH– (aq)

(i) Explainwhythisreactionisconsideredtobeanacid-basereaction. [2]

(ii) ThepHofasodiumcarbonatesolutionis11.4. HowwouldyouexplainthemeaningofthepHscaletoamemberofthepublic?

[3]

Total [15]

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8. Dolomite, MgCO3.CaCO3, is a mineral containing magnesium carbonate and calciumcarbonate.

(a) Somestudentswereaskedtoreact samplesofdolomite,eachofmass0.50g,withanexcessofdilutehydrochloricacidandtofollowtherateofthereactionbymeasuringthevolumeofcarbondioxideevolvedatsuitabletimeintervals.

(i) LineAonthegraphshowsNatalie’sresults.Herteachersaidthatthiswascorrect.David’slineislabelledB.Althoughhislinerepresentshisresults,theteachersaidthathemusthavedonesomethingwrongduringtheexperimenttoobtaintheseresults.

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

00

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Time / minutes

A

B

Volume/cm3

Suggest and explain twothingsthathemighthavedonewronglytoobtaintheseresults. [2]

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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(ii) Explain why, in Natalie’s experiment, 0.25g of the dolomite has reacted in 1.5minutesbuttheremaining0.25ghastakenafurther3.5minutestoreact. [2]

(iii) Emmaaskedwhatthevolumeofcarbondioxidecollectedfromthesampleswouldbeifthetemperaturerosefrom298Kto323K.

Theteacherexplainedthat,ifthepressureremainedthesame,volumeV(incm3)andtemperatureT(inKelvin)werelinkedbytheequation

V=k× T where k is constant.

Thevolumeofcarbondioxideevolvedat298Kis130cm3.Byfindingthevalueof k, or by othermeans, calculate the volume of this carbon dioxidewhen itstemperatureisraisedto323K. [2]

Volume of carbon dioxide = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cm3

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0.00220

240

260

280

300

0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

Mass of magnesium carbonate = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g

Massofmagnesiumcarbonatein1.00gofdolomite/g

Volumeofcarbondioxide/cm3

(b) Inanotherexperiment0.623gofdolomitereactedwithanexcessofdilutehydrochloricacid.Thetotalvolumeofcarbondioxideevolvedwas162cm3.

(i) Calculatethetotalvolumeofcarbondioxidethatwouldbeevolvedifasampleofdolomiteofmass1.00gwasusedunderthesameconditions. [1]

Volume of carbon dioxide = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cm3

(ii) Use the graphbelow to find themassofmagnesiumcarbonatepresent in this1.00gsampleofdolomite. [1]


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(c) Therateofthereactionbetweendolomiteandhydrochloricacidincreasesbyalargeamountifthetemperatureisincreased.

Complete the followingenergydistributioncurvediagrambydrawing two lines thatshowthedistributionofenergiesattwodifferenttemperatures.

Label the line at lower temperature T1 and the line at higher temperature T2. Use the diagram to help you explain why the rate increases as the temperature increases. [3]

QWC [1]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Fractionofmoleculeswithenergy, E

Energy, E

(d) Brieflyoutlineadifferentmethodoffollowingtherateofthereactionbetweendolomiteandhydrochloricacid. [2]

Total [14]

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9. (a) Nitrogen(I)oxideisacolourlessgasthatreactswithhydrogentogivenitrogenandwater.

N2O(g)+H2(g)N2(g)+H2O(l)∆H = –368kJmol–1

(i) Statewhythestandardenthalpyofformationofbothhydrogenandnitrogengasesis0kJ mol–1. [1]

(ii) Calculatethestandardenthalpyofformationofnitrogen(I)oxideinkJmol–1. (You should assume that the standard enthalpy of formation of water is

–286kJ mol–1) [2]

Standard enthalpy of formation = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kJ mol–1

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.


13Examiner

only (b) A new method for producing phenol, C6H5OH, is by reacting benzene, C6H6, with

nitrogen(I)oxideat400°Cinthepresenceofasuitablecatalyst.

C6H6 + N2O C6H5OH + N2 ∆H = –286kJmol–1

(i) Sketchtheenergyprofilesforthecatalysedanduncatalysedreactionsusingtheaxes shown below.

Labelyourprofilesascatalysed and uncatalysed. [2]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

Energy

Extentofreaction

(ii) Apilot-scaleplantused156kgofbenzene(Mr =78)toproducephenol(Mr =94).

I Calculatethenumberofmolesofbenzeneused. [1]

Moles of benzene = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol

II Theyieldofphenolwas95%.UsingyouranswertoIandtheequationbelow(oranothersuitablemethod),calculatethemassofphenolobtained.Showyourworking. [3]

C6H6 + N2O C6H5OH + N2

Mass of phenol = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg

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(iii) Studytheshortaccountbelow,whichgivesmoredetailaboutthisprocess.

Theprocesstomakephenoliscarriedoutinthegasphaseandusesasolidzeolitecatalyst.Theoperatingtemperatureisaround400°C.

C6H6 + N2O C6H5OH + N2 ∆H = –286kJmol–1

The reactants are the hydrocarbon benzene and nitrogen(I) oxide, which is apotentgreenhousegas.Thenitrogen(I)oxideisobtainedfromanotherprocess,whereitisproducedasanundesirablesideproduct.

UsetheaccountandtheequationtocommentontheenvironmentalandGreen Chemistryadvantagesofthisprocess.Areferencetotheyieldisnotrequired. [4]

QWC [1]

Total [14]

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10. (a) Potassiumhydroxidecontainspotassiumions,K+. Givetheelectronconfigurationofapotassiumatom and use this to explain why most

potassiumcompoundscontainthepotassiumion. [2]

(b) Michaelwasaskedtomake250cm3 ofasolutionofpotassiumhydroxideandtorecordthemaximumriseintemperaturethatoccurredasitdissolved.

Hemeasured250cm3 ofwaterinaglassbeakerandthenadded7.01g(0.125mol)ofsolidpotassium hydroxide to this, with stirring.

Henoticedthatthetemperaturerosefrom20.2°Ctoamaximumof25.0°C.

(i) Calculatethemolarenthalpychangeofsolutionofpotassiumhydroxidebyuseoftheformula

∆H = –mc∆T n

where m = massofthesolventingrams(assume1cm3hasamassof1g) c = 4.2Jg–1 °C–1

∆T = changeintemperatureofthesolution n = numberofmolesofthesolute ∆H = molarenthalpychangeofsolution

You should show the unitsinyouranswer. [3]

∆H = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Michael’smeasurementsproducedavaluefortheenthalpyofsolutionofpotassiumhydroxidethatwasdifferenttotheliteraturevalue.

Usetheinformationgiventosuggestandexplaintwofactorsthatmightproduceadifferentresult. [2]

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(c) Solid potassiumhydroxide can be used in analysis to find the percentage of carbondioxidepresentinamixtureofgases.Theequationforthereactionthatoccursisgivenbelow.

2KOH + CO2 K2CO3 + H2O

2.0 m3ofagasmixturewaspassedthroughpotassiumhydroxide.Analysisshowedthat0.050molofpotassiumcarbonatehadbeenformed.

(i) Statethenumberofmolesofcarbondioxidenecessarytoproduce0.050molofpotassiumcarbonate. [1]

(ii) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide that produced 0.050mol of potassiumcarbonate. [1]

[1molofcarbondioxidehasavolumeof24.0dm3undertheseconditions]

Volume of carbon dioxide = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dm3

(iii) Calculate the percentage of carbon dioxide in the gas mixture, in terms ofvolume. [2]

[1 dm3 = 0.001 m3]

Percentage of carbon dioxide = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %


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© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

(d) Scientistshavecommentedthat‘anincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxidedissolvedin seawaterwill cause problems for animalswhose shells are composed of calciumcarbonate’.

CO2(aq)+H2O(l)+CaCO3(s)s Ca2+(aq) + 2HCO3–(aq)

Usetheequationabovetohelpyoudiscusstheproblemthatiscausedfortheseanimalsbythisincreaseincarbondioxideconcentration. [3]

QWC [1]

Total [15]

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11. (a) Anaqueoussolutionofmethanoicacidcanbeusedtodissolve‘limescale’inkettles. Theconcentrationofamethanoicacidsolutionusedforthispurposecanbefoundbya

titrationusingsodiumhydroxidesolution.Forthispurposea25.0cm3sampleofaqueousmethanoicacidwasdilutedto250cm3.

(i) Statethenameofthepieceofapparatususedto

I measureout25.0cm3 ofaqueousmethanoicacid, [1]

II containexactly250cm3 ofthedilutedsolution. [1]

(ii) A25.0cm3 sampleofthedilutedmethanoicacidwastitratedwithsodiumhydroxidesolutionofconcentration0.200moldm–3.Avolumeof32.00cm3 was needed to reactwithallthemethanoicacidpresent.

Calculatethenumberofmolesofsodiumhydroxideused. [1]

Moles of sodium hydroxide = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol

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(iii) Methanoicacidandsodiumhydroxidereacttogetherina1:1molarratio. Usethegraphbelowandyourresultfrom(ii)tofindtheconcentrationofmethanoic

acidpresentinthedilutedsolutioningper100cm3ofsolution. [1]

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00

0.50

1.00

1.50

0.0020 0.0040 0.0060 0.0080

Concentration = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gper100cm3

(iv) Statetheconcentrationoftheoriginalmethanoicacidingper100cm3 solution. [1]

Original concentration = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gper100cm3

Concentrationofdilutedmethanoicacid/gper100cm3

Numberofmolesofmethanoicacid

Turn over.

(1091-01)

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(b) Methanoicacid,HCOOH,canbereducedtomethanol,CH3OH,inagasphasereaction,byusinghydrogeninthepresenceofasolidrutheniummetalcatalyst.

(i) Rutheniumisactingasaheterogeneouscatalyst. Statethemeaningofthewordheterogeneous. [1]

(ii) Theequationforthereductionofmethanoicacidisshownbelow.

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

H

O

O H

C 2H H+ C O H

H

H

H

+ O

H H

Usethetableofbondenthalpiestofindtheenthalpychangeforthisreaction. [3]

Bond Averagebondenthalpy/kJmol–1

412

360

743

436

463

C H

C O

C O

H H

O H

Enthalpy change = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kJmol–1

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(c) Therelativemolecularmassofmethanoicacidis46.02.

Statewhythisquantitydoesnothaveunits. [1]

(d) Methanoicacidreactswithpropan-1-oltogive1-propylmethanoate.

HCOOH + CH3CH2CH2OH s HCOOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O

1-propylmethanoate

(i) Thisreactioneventuallyreachesdynamicequilibrium. State what is meant by dynamic equilibrium. [1]

(ii) Givetheempiricalformulaof1-propylmethanoate. [1]

Empirical formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total [12]

Section B Total [70]

END OF PAPER

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(1091-01)

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Question

number

Additional page, if required.Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

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SM*(W13-1091-01A)

GCE AS/A level

1091/01-A

CHEMISTRY – PERIODIC TABLE

FOR USE WITH CH1

A.M. THURSDAY, 10 January 2013

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

(1091-01A)

2

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

TH

E P

ER

IOD

IC T

AB

LE

12

Gro

up

34

56

70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

6.9

4

Li

Lit

hiu

m

3

9.01

Be

Ber

ylliu

m

4

10.8 B

Bo

ron

5

12

.0 CC

arb

on

6

14.0

NN

itro

gen

7

16.0 O

Ox

yg

en8

19.

0

FF

luo

rin

e9

20.2

Ne

Neo

n10

23.0

Na

So

diu

m11

24

.3

Mg

Mag

nesiu

m12

27.

0

Al

Alu

min

ium

13

28

.1

Si

Sil

ico

n14

31.0 P

Phos

phor

us15

32

.1 SS

ulf

ur

16

35.5

Cl

Ch

lori

ne

17

40.0

Ar

Arg

on

18

39.

1

KPo

tass

ium

19

40.1

Ca

Ca

lciu

m2

0

45.0

Sc

Scan

dium

21

47.

9

Ti

Tit

aniu

m2

2

50.9 V

Van

adiu

m23

52

.0

Cr

Chr

omiu

m2

4

54

.9

Mn

Man

gane

se25

55.8

Fe

Iro

n2

6

58

.9

Co

Co

ba

lt27

58

.7

Ni

Nic

kel

28

63.5

Cu

Co

pp

er29

65.4

Zn

Zin

c3

0

69.

7

Ga

Ga

lliu

m31

72

.6

Ge

Ger

man

ium

32

74.9

As

Ars

enic

33

79.

0

Se

Sel

eniu

m3

4

79.

9

Br

Bro

min

e35

83.8

Kr

Kry

pto

n36

85.5

Rb

Rub

idiu

m37

87.

6

Sr

Stro

ntiu

m38

88

.9

YY

ttri

um

39

91.2

Zr

Zir

coni

um4

0

92

.9

Nb

Nio

biu

m41

95.9

Mo

Mol

ybde

num

42

98

.9

Tc

Tech

netiu

m43

101

Ru

Rut

heni

um4

4

103

Rh

Rho

diu

m45

106

Pd

Palla

dium

46

108

Ag

Sil

ver

47

112

Cd

Cad

miu

m4

8

115

InIn

diu

m49

119

Sn

Tin 50

12

2

Sb

Ant

imon

y51

12

8

Te

Tel

luri

um52

127 I

Iod

ine

53

131

Xe

Xen

on

54

133

Cs

Cae

siu

m55

137

Ba

Ba

riu

m56

139

La

Lant

hanu

m57

179

Hf

Haf

niu

m72

181

Ta

Tan

talu

m73

184

WT

un

gste

n74

186

Re

Rh

eniu

m75

19

0

Os

Osm

ium

76

19

2

IrIr

idiu

m77

195

Pt

Pla

tinu

m78

19

7

Au

Go

ld79

201

Hg

Mer

cury

80

20

4

Tl

Th

alli

um

81

20

7

Pb

Lea

d82

20

9

Bi

Bis

mu

th83

(210

)

Po

Pol

oniu

m8

4

(210

)

At

Ast

atin

e85

(22

2)

Rn

Ra

do

n86

(223)

Fr

Fra

nciu

m87

(22

6)

Ra

Ra

diu

m8

8

(227

)

Ac

Act

iniu

m89

‣ ‣‣

1.01 H

Hyd

roge

n1

4.0

0

He

Hel

ium

2

d B

lock

s B

lock

Per

iod

p B

lock

140

Ce

Cer

ium

58

141

Pr

Pra

seod

ymiu

m

59

144

Nd

Neo

dy

miu

m

60

(147

)

Pm

Pro

met

hiu

m

61

150

Sm

Sa

ma

riu

m

62

(153)

Eu

Eu

rop

ium

63

157

Gd

Gad

olin

ium

64

159

Tb

Ter

biu

m65

163

Dy

Dys

pros

ium

66

165

Ho

Ho

lmiu

m67

167

Er

Erb

ium

68

169

Tm

Th

uli

um

69

173

Yb

Ytt

erbi

um

70

175

Lu

Lu

teti

um

71

232

Th

Tho

riu

m9

0

(231

)

Pa

Pro

tact

iniu

m

91

238

UU

ran

ium

92

(237

)

Np

Nep

tun

ium

93

(242)

Pu

Plu

ton

ium

94

(243)

Am

Am

eric

ium

95

(247

)

Cm

Cu

riu

m9

6

(245

)

Bk

Ber

keliu

m9

7

(251

)

Cf

Cal

iforn

ium

98

(25

4)

Es

Ein

stei

niu

m

99

(253)

Fm

Fer

miu

m10

0

(256

)

Md

Men

del

eviu

m

101

(25

4)

No

No

bel

ium

102

(257

)

Lr

Law

renc

ium

103

f B

lock

‣ La

nth

an

oid

el

emen

ts

‣‣ A

ctin

oid

e

lem

ents

Ar

Sy

mb

ol

Nam

eZ

rela

tiv

ea

tom

icm

ass

ato

mic

nu

mb

er

Key

chemistry – ch1

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