I SEMESTER BSc BIOTECHNOLOGY - THEORYCHEMISTRY-I

(Total Hours: 45 hrs)

Periodic properties 3 hrsAtomic radius, covalent, ionic & van der Waal’s radii, ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity – definition, trends in periodic table.

Acids and Bases 4 hrsArrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lux-Flood, Solvent system and Lewis concepts of acids and bases with examples. Conjugate acid-base pairs. Limitations of the theories. Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB): Classification of acids and bases as hard and soft-examples and comparison, Pearson’s HSAB concept-acid base strengths and hardness and softness. Electronegativity and hardness and softness – explanation.

Co-ordination Compounds: 8 hrsWerner’s coordination theory and its experimental verification, effective atomic number concept, chelates, nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds -Ionisation isomerism, hydrate isomerism, coordinate isomerism, linkage isomerism, Stereoisomerism-geometrical (Coordination No. 4 and 6), optical (Coordination No. 6).Valence bond theory-Postulates, hybridization of orbitals, examples with sp3, dsp2 , d2sp3 and sp3d2 hybridization, Magnetic behaviour, limitations of VBT w.r.t. copper complexes.

Bioinorganic chemistry 4 hrsEssential and trace elements in biological processes, metalloporphyrins with reference to haemoglobin and myoglobin. Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metals- Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+.

Environmental chemistry 3 hrsAir pollution: Air pollutants – COx, NOx, SOx, halogens. Particulates and photochemical smog, Water pollution – organic and inorganic chemicals, BOD and COD. Soil pollution – fertilizers, pesticides, plastics, radio active waste.

Thermodynamics 5 hrs Introduction, terminologies associated with thermodynamics, 1st law of thermodynamics, Heat capacity, relation between Cp and Cv (no derivation), Joule-Thomson effect, 2nd law of thermodynamics, entropy and its significance. Gibbs free energy and Helmholtz free energy, their relationships

Ionic Equilibria 4 hrsCommon ion effect, solubility product and application in salting out soap and purification of common salt, Henderson’s equation, buffer solutions, buffer action, buffer capacity, pH values of buffer mixtures, preparing buffers of desired pH, hydrolysis of salts, hydrolysis constants, relationship between kh, ka, kb and kw for various types of salts, degree of hydrolysis.

Chemical kinetics 5 hrs

Law of mass action, Rate of reaction, Order and molecularity of reaction, I, II & III order reactions, Derivation of rate equations for I, II and nth order reactions, determination of order (differential, half life and isolation methods). Reversible, consecutive and parallel reactions, Effect of temperature of reaction rates- Arrhenius equation, quantitative treatment of collision theory,

Colligative Properties 3 hrsDifference between colloides and crystalloids, Semi-permeable membranes- natural & artificial, dialysis, osmotic pressure, determination by Berkeley & Hartley method ,theory of dilute solutions, laws of osmotic pressure, molecular mass from osmotic pressure measurements, plasmolysis, reverse osmosis, depression of freezing point, abnormal molecular mass - Vant Hoff factor, degree of ionization & degree of association, Tyndall effect, Brnownian movement.

Electrochemistry 6 hrsConductance, cell constant and determination of equivalent conductance, variation of specific and equivalent conductance with dilution, Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes, ionic conductivity, ionic mobility, Kohlrausch’s law & its applications.

Reference:1. Inorganic chemistry, J.E Huheey, Keiter, Keiter and Medhi ( 4th ed.), Pearson Education, 2006.2. Concise Inorganic chemistry, JD Lee, Wiley-Blackwell Publisher, (5th Ed,) 2002.3. Inorganic Chemistry, Gary Miessler (3rd Ed), Pearson Education, 20084. Shriver and Atkins' Inorganic Chemistry, Peter Atkins, Tina Overton, Jonathan Rourke, Mark Weller, and Fraser Armstrong (Fifth Edition), Oxford University Press5. Principles of inorganic chemistry, BR Puri and others, SLN Chand and Co, 2001.6. University Chemistry, Bruce M. Mahan (4th Ed), Pearson Education, 2009 7. Textbook of Inorganic chemistry, PL Soni and Mohan Katyal, S Chand and Sons, 2003.8. Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry, B.E.Douglas, D.McDaniel and A Alexander, Wiley 2001.9. Inorganic chemistry – A Unified Approach, W.W.Porterfield, Elsevier, 2005.10. Text Book of Physical Chemistry, A S Negi and S C Anand, New Age International (P)

Limited Publishers

11. Principles of Physical Chemistry, Puri B R, Sharma, Pathania, Chand Publishers12. Environmental Chemistry, A.K. De (Wiley Eastern).13. Atkins' Physical Chemistry, Peter Atkins and Julio de Paula, (Ninth Edition) Oxford University Press, 200914. Physical chemistry, WJ Moore, Orient Longman Ltd, 5th Ed, 199915. Principles of Physical chemistry, SH Maron and CF Prutton, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, 4th Ed.16. Thermodynamics for Chemists, Samuel Glasstone, East-West Pvt Ltd, 2002.17. An introduction to Electrochemistry, Samuel Glasstone, East-West Pvt Ltd, 2002.