Chemistry in ContextChemistry in ContextLecture: Organic Chemistry I; January 25, 2007; Pg1Lecture: Organic Chemistry I; January 25, 2007; Pg1

I. What does organic chemistry study? A. Organic Chemicals – any chemical

containing carbon B. Bonding Characteristics of Carbon

1) Covalently Bonds2) Forms 4 Bonds3) Readily Bonds with Itself

-- single, double, or triple 4) Forms Small or Long Chains

All life is organic, animals, micro- organisms, & plants.

Lecture: Organic Chemistry I, Pg1

C. Distillation – separation of organics using their boiling points (see handout)1) Have a mixture of 2 or more organics2) Heat column to change liquids to

gases (boil).3) Collect gases in a tube & cool down

to change gas to liquid (condense)

Chemistry in ContextChemistry in ContextLecture: Organic Chemistry I; January 25, 2007; Pg2Lecture: Organic Chemistry I; January 25, 2007; Pg2

c) Alkynes – at least one C to C triple bond-- Formula: CnH2n-2

b) Alkenes – at least one C to C double bond-- Formula: CnH2n

Lecture: Organic Chemistry I, Pg2

a) Alkanes – all C to C bonds are single bonds (saturated)-- see alkane series-- Formula: CnH2n+2

2) Groups of Hydrocarbons:

-- serve as fuels, combustion rxn: CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

1) Characteristics of Hydrocarbons

A. Hydrocarbons – contain ONLY 2 elements (hydrogen & carbon)

II. What are the types of organic compounds?

Chemistry in ContextChemistry in ContextLecture: Organic Chemistry I; January 25, 2007; Pg3Lecture: Organic Chemistry I; January 25, 2007; Pg3

Lecture: Organic Chemistry I, Pg3

a) Condensed Formula: b) Structural Formula:

3) Nomenclature (naming & 2 formulae)

C. Alcohols – have a hydroxyl (OH) functional group EX/ methanol (grain), ethanol

(drinking), isopropanol (rubbing) D. Organic Acids – have a carboxyl functional

group (COOH); weak acids EX/ methanoic acid (stinging ants),

ethanoic acid (aka acetic acid)

Ethanoic acid is also called acetic acid, found in vinegar!

E. Aromatics – have ring structures EX/ benzene (ringed alkene)