chemistry keyword alphabet
TRANSCRIPT
Chemistry keyword alphabet
Core
A
• Alloy-mixture of 2 metals• Atom-smallest part of an element• Alkane- saturated hydrocarbon• Alkene-unsaturated hydrocarbon• Atomic number- number of protons in an
element
B
• Biodegradable-Materials that can be broken down by microorganisms
• Biodiesel-fuel for cars made from plant oils• Biofuel-fuel made from animal or plant
products• Biomass-biological material from living or
recently living organisms• Blast furnace-huge reaction vessels used in
industry to extract metals from ores
C
• Calcium carbonate- Limestone/CaCO3• Cement-Heated limestone and clay• Concrete-a biulding material made by mixing
cement sand and aggregate• Covalent-bond between two non metals
D
• Displace- reaction where a less reactive metal replaces a more reactive metal
• Double bond- covalent bond made by the sharing of two pairs of electrons
E
• Electron- tiny particle with a negative charge, they orbit on the outer shell of an atom
• Element- a substance made of one atom and found on the periodic table
F
• Fossil fuels- fuel obtained from long dead biological material
• Free electrons- electron that moves freely around a metal and is not held inside an atom
G
• Gas- a state of matter which is made from a liquid evaporating.
• Group- all elements in the periodic table are in a group from 1-7 and 0 which shows how many electrons are in the outer shell
H
• Hydrocarbon- compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
I
• Incomplete combustion- when fuel burns in insufficient oxygen, producing carbon monoxide as a toxic product.
• Ionic bond- the bond between a metal and a non metal
L
• Limewater- calcium hydroxide solution• Limestone- CaCO3/ calcium carbonate• Liquid- state of matter, in between gas and
solid
M
• Mass number- number of protons and neutrons in an element
• Mixture- when some elements or compounds are mixed together but do not react.
• Monomers- small reactive molecules that react together in repeating sequence to form a chain which is called a polymer
N
• Neutron- particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a neutral charge
• Nucleus- very small central part of an atom which contains neutrons and protons
O
• Ore- rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile to extract metal
• Oxsidised- a reaction where oxygen is added or when electrons are lost from a substance
P
• Phtomining- the process of extraction of ores from metals using plants
• Polymer- a substance made from very large molecules of many repeating units eg polyethene.
• Polymerisation- the reaction of monomers to make a polymer
• Proton- positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
R
• Reactivity series- a list of elements in order of reactivity, most reactive is at the top.
S
• Saturated hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon with only single carbon-carbon bonds
• Shell- area in atom around nucleus where electrons are found
• Smelting- heating an ore to extract metal• Solid- state of matter made by freezing a liquid• Steel- alloy with small amounts of metals such
as carbon
S continued
• Sulfur dioxide- poisonous gas which causes acid rain.
• Speed- distance moved/time taken• Stainless steel- steel which does not rust
T
• Temperature- degree of hotness of a substance
• Thermal decomposition- break down of a compound by heat
• Transition metal- elements from the central block of the periodic table. Have typical metal properties and form coloured compounds.
U
• Unsaturated hydrocarbon- hydrocarbon with at least one carbon=carbon double bond
• Unsaturated oil- plant oil with at least one carbon=carbon double bond
V
• Vegetable oil- oil extracted from plants• Viscosity- resistance of a liquid to flowing/
how thick the liquid is
Ways to remember things
• Metal licked the bond, but ionic wanted both, covalent hated metals though.
• The more reactive man replaced the insensitive less reactive one!