Chemistry NotesChemistry Notes

2011/20122011/2012

Ms. FefferMs. Feffer

Chemistry NotesChemistry NotesQuestion: Question: How is an

element different from a compound?

Answer:

Element =Element =

Compound = Compound =

Answer:Answer:

made up of only one made up of only one pure substance. pure substance. (periodic table)(periodic table)

is composed of two or is composed of two or more elements that are more elements that are chemically combined. chemically combined.

Example- Example- Water (HWater (H22O)O)

Chemistry NotesChemistry Notes

pure pure substancesubstance

is a substance in is a substance in which every particle of which every particle of that element is the that element is the same.same.

Example: Every particle in a 5g Example: Every particle in a 5g gold nugget is like every gold nugget is like every other particle of gold, no other particle of gold, no matter where they are foundmatter where they are found

Chemistry NotesChemistry Notes

ElementsElements Every element Every element has a unique has a unique set of set of properties.properties.

The Periodic The Periodic Table of Elements Table of Elements is arranged is arranged according to according to these properties.these properties.

Chemistry NotesChemistry Notes

physical physical propertiesproperties

Chemical properties

are used to classify elements are are used to classify elements are boiling pointboiling point, , melting pointmelting point, , colorcolor, and , and densitydensity..

used to separate elements from each other including flammability, reactivity with acids, or reactivity with oxygen.

Elements Are Grouped by:Elements Are Grouped by: Elements Elements

are are identified identified by 3 main by 3 main categoriescategories

MetalsMetals

NonmetalsNonmetals

MetalloidsMetalloids

Elements Are Grouped by:Elements Are Grouped by:

MetalsMetals They are all grouped together They are all grouped together

on the left hand side of the on the left hand side of the Periodic Table.Periodic Table.

Not all metals are exactly alike, Not all metals are exactly alike, but they do have some but they do have some properties in common.properties in common.

**Metals are elements that are **Metals are elements that are usually shiny and good usually shiny and good

conductors of electricity and conductors of electricity and heat.heat.

Elements Are Grouped by:Elements Are Grouped by:

MetalsMetals Metals are also Metals are also

malleable (malleable (can be can be hammered into thin hammered into thin sheetssheets).).

Metals are ductile, or Metals are ductile, or can be drawn into thin can be drawn into thin wires.wires.

Examples: Iron (Fe) and Examples: Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu).Copper (Cu).

Elements Are Grouped by:Elements Are Grouped by:

NonmetalsNonmetals Usually dull and poor Usually dull and poor

conductors of heat and conductors of heat and electric current.electric current.

Tend to be brittle and Tend to be brittle and unmalleable.unmalleable.

Nonmetals are located to Nonmetals are located to the right of the “zig zag the right of the “zig zag line” on the Periodic line” on the Periodic Table.Table.

Examples: Neon (Ne) Examples: Neon (Ne) and Carbon (C)and Carbon (C)

Elements Are Grouped by:Elements Are Grouped by:

MetalloidsMetalloidsShare properties of Share properties of

both metals and both metals and nonmetals.nonmetals.

Can be shiny or dull.Can be shiny or dull.Somewhat malleable Somewhat malleable

and ductile.and ductile.Examples: Examples: Silicon (Si) Silicon (Si)

Arsenic (As).Arsenic (As).

Non- MetalsNon- Metals

Metals are Metals are located to the located to the left, non left, non metals to the metals to the right and right and metalloids metalloids touch both touch both side of the side of the “zig zag” line “zig zag” line on the on the periodic periodic table.table.

Metals

Metalloids

Compounds you need to know!Compounds you need to know!

CompoundsCompounds

Familiar CompoundFamiliar CompoundCompoundCompound Elements CombinedElements Combined

Table Salt (NaCl)Table Salt (NaCl) Sodium and Chlorine (Na + Cl)Sodium and Chlorine (Na + Cl)

Water (HWater (H22O)O) Hydrogen and Oxygen (H + H + O)Hydrogen and Oxygen (H + H + O)

Hydrocloric Acid Hydrocloric Acid (HCl)(HCl) Hydrogen and Chlorine (H + Cl)Hydrogen and Chlorine (H + Cl)

Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide (CO(CO22))

Carbon and Oxygen (C + O + O)Carbon and Oxygen (C + O + O)

Methane (CHMethane (CH44))Carbon and Hydrogen Carbon and Hydrogen (C + H + H + H + H)(C + H + H + H + H)

Baking SodaBaking Soda(NaHCO(NaHCO33))

Sodium, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Sodium, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen (Na + H + C + O + O + O)Oxygen (Na + H + C + O + O + O)

*Remember**Remember*

Properties of Properties of CompoundsCompounds

Compounds, like Compounds, like elements, can be elements, can be identified by their identified by their own physical and own physical and chemical properties.chemical properties.

The compound The compound WaterWater is is composed of composed of HydrogenHydrogen and and OxygenOxygen chemically chemically bonded together.bonded together.